正电非磁性激光打印机墨粉的研发

此墨粉研发主要为了填补国内兼容墨粉在正电非磁性粉的空白。形成适合正电非磁性粉新生产工艺及科技成果,针对市场保量相对较大的联想和兄弟激光打印机,开发一款以机械粉碎法生产工艺代替化学聚合法生产工艺的,对环境更加友好、价格更加有竞争力的通用型墨粉。     

墨粉与感光鼓性能对激光输出图像质量的影响

通过对墨粉显微图像、粒度分布、带电量及对感光鼓光电性能的分析,并根据输出图像密度、点、线、文本质量的客观数据化检测,得到只有墨粉颗粒粒径、带电量与感光鼓表面电位相匹配,并且感光鼓电位均匀稳定,才能打印出好的图像质量,否则将会出现底灰,密度不均匀,文字、线条边缘粗糙等现象。     

墨粉外形处理流化床法

墨粉的外形对打印质量起着至关重要的作用，如何获得外形规则、具有良好流动性的墨扮，一直困扰着人们。流化床处理方法和盘管处理方法能够很好的解决这个问题，处理后的墨粉具有规则的外形和良好的流动性，并与爆炸法生产的墨粉进行了比较，分别给出了各自的优势及不足，流化床处理方法具有明显的工业放大优势，为未来墨粉处理的发展指明了方向。     

有机光导鼓产业化开发关键技术

有机光导鼓(OPC)是激光打印机和静电复印机的核心部件,由于其具有灵敏、高效、稳定及经济等优点,在激光打印和静电 复印系统中采用OPC鼓的机器已占到90％以上。据统计,国内现有激光打印机逾百万台,IDC预测“十五”期间国内激光打印机销售量将达到400万台。另外,国内现有OPC鼓静电复印机十万台左右,预计未来几年内其拥有量将达100万台。OPC鼓作为一种耗材,以年更换率30％计,则未来几年的年需求量将从现在的数十万支增加到上百万支,具有巨大的市场潜力。从国内     

控制性气流粉碎技术制备等积球形墨粉

采用自制的控制性气流粉碎机制备等积球形墨粉,通过改变粉碎强度、第一级分级机转速和第一级分级机二次风量来控制墨粉的颗粒形貌,通过改变第二级分级机转速和第二级分级机二次风量来控制墨粉粒度分布的集中性。结果表明,在流化床粉碎强度为0.6 MPa,流化床底部二次风量为86 m3/h,第一级分级机电机变频器频率为17 Hz,第二级分级机电机变频器频率为36 Hz,第二级分级机二次风量为287 m3/h时,制得墨粉的粒度分布最集中,形貌最均匀,球形度最高,此时第二级分级机产量为72.5 kg/h,成品率为79.2%。     

3D打印用球形钛粉制备技术研究现状

目前,我国3D打印材料市场规模已达到30亿元,其中钛合金占比最大,达到了20%。3D打印钛合金零件被广泛应用于航空航天、核工业、医疗器械及运动器材等领域。钛合金粉末作为3D打印钛合金零件的重要金属材料,其性能(包括氧含量、纯净度、球形度、粉末粒径、粉体密度等)直接影响到3D打印钛合金零件的成型性能,3D打印钛粉的制备技术及工艺已成为国内外开发和研究的热点。首先详细介绍了制备球形钛粉的主要方法,包括雾化法(气雾化、离心雾化、等离子雾化)、球化法(激光球化、等离子球化)、造粒烧结脱氧法,同时综述了国内外研究现状;接着对球形钛粉制备技术进行了比较,认为造粒烧结法因制粉成本低廉而具有很大的发展前景;最后对球形钛粉制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

复印墨粉色素炭黑的研究

研究了以中色素炉法炭黑（MCF）为基料采用臭氧化制备复印墨粉专用C386色素炭黑的原料配方设计、工艺条件、结构特征和性能，经小试、放大试验和中试生产、工艺稳定，产品性能优良。采用元素分析、红外光谱、Zeta电势和透射电镜表征MCF、C386及进口炭黑，结果表明：MCF经臭氧氧化后，所得C386的羟基（酚羟基）、羰基（醌基）、羧基等官能团增加了，其微观结构和技术性能与迪高沙、卡搏特、三菱炭黑的基本相同。说明该工艺条件对炉法炭黑进行臭氧氧化制备C386的切实可行的。C386用于复配复印墨粉，质量符合要求，用户满意，具有实际应用价值。     

打印机磁套筒及复印机显影组件表面涂层的制作

此方法用于激光打印机磁套筒和静电复印机显影辊的表面涂层制作,通过此方法使其具有较好的电性能以及耐磨性、附着力和表面粗糙度,使其有利于炭粉的传输。     

基于ISO 13660的数字印刷线条质量分析与评价

根据ISO 13660标准建议的测量方法,使用基于扫描仪的数字印刷质量检测系统进行了线条印刷质量评价和分析。采用液体墨粉和固体墨粉的静电照相数字印刷机,分别在2种不同类型纸张上输出了数字印刷品作为测试样张。根据检测系统测得的数据,分别从线宽、粗糙度和模糊度等ISO 13660定义的线条和字符质量属性,分析和评估了2款数字印刷机输出的印刷品的线条质量。测量分析发现,由于2款数字印刷机在成像系统、结构设计和墨粉上的差异,使其线条质量上也存在差异。     

缩微阅读复印机废墨粉再利用技术

介绍了对废墨粉的技术处理方法、复印机应进行哪些调整和清洁保养，以及使用废墨粉过程中的注意事项。     

Toner Jumping Phenomenon in an Electric Field

This article gives a short review on fundamentals of electrophotographic printing using dry toners with conductive or insulative characteristics. The toner jumping phenomenon, TonerJet® technology, toner cloud confinement, and toner cloud beam technology in electric fields are emphasized. Theory and comparison of advantages among toner developments and transport are briefly discussed. The purpose of this article is to advance the development of a novel printing technology, “toner cloud beam,” which has the possibility of using a highly simplified toner imaging mechanism. To clarify the characteristics of conductive toner, the difference between insulative and conductive toner were compared. Unique characteristics of conductive toner are focused on: the up-and-down motion between voltage applied electrodes and cloud formation by confinement at the dented part of the electrode. The present state of the novel printing mechanism is summarized.     

Conductive Toner Cloud Confinement Using the Cone Shape of a Dented Electrode

Control of toner movement is an important parameter in the development of digital printing. Conductive toner has possibilities for a new, simple printing mechanism. Conductive toner particles were sprayed onto the lower electrode. An electric field was applied between the two electrodes. The toner moved up and down between the two electrodes by electrostatic force. When the cone shape of the dented electrode replaced the lower plate, conductive toner particles were confined in the dented electrode. This research studied the toner confinement conditions required to form a toner cloud state using the cone-shaped dented electrode. It was found that the depth of the cone-shaped dented lower electrode, the resistivity of conductive toner, and applied voltage between the electrodes were the influencing factors that determined the optimum size of toner cloud confinement and the toner-jump current. The deeper cone-shaped dented electrode reduced the size of the toner cloud confinement and the toner-jump current. A high resistivity toner produced a larger size toner cloud and decreased the toner-jump current. When a greater amount of toner was placed in the electrode, a larger size toner cloud and greater toner-jump current were obtained. A higher applied voltage reduced the size of the toner cloud and increased the toner-jump current.     

Toner Cloud Generation and its Supply over the Width of a Printing Area

Toner cloud generation along with controlling its movement is one of the important parameters in the development of digital printing by the toner cloud beam technique. In the experimental set-up for toner cloud generation, the conductive toner particles were sprayed at the center of a wide chamber-shaped dented electrode as the lower electrode was placed parallel with the upper electrode, leaving a small gap between them using two insulating sheets. An electrical, field was applied between the two electrodes. The toner moved up and down between the two electrodes by electrostatic force, forming the toner cloud, which propagated to both ends of the dented electrode. This research studies the toner cloud generation conditions using the wide chamber-shaped dented electrode, the slope of the nesa glass, and the slope of the system as the influencing factors that governed toner cloud generation and its movement. An increase in the applied voltage led to a faster toner cloud speed. When a greater amount of toner was applied into the dented electrode, a faster toner cloud movement was obtained. On the other hand, the toner cloud speed decreased when increasing the depth of the dented electrode. An increase of the slope of nesa glass increased the toner cloud speed. However, the toner cloud speed was not significant to the system when the slope was between 0 and 5 degrees. It was also found that the width of toner cloud decreased when the applied voltage increased. Furthermore, the two overlapped cone-shaped dented electrodes could be used for generating the toner transport to the printing system. This research also explains the possible phenomena for toner cloud generation and performance.     

Toner Cloud Generation and its Supply over the Width of a Printing Area

Toner cloud generation along with controlling its movement is one of the important parameters in the development of digital printing by the toner cloud beam technique. In the experimental set-up for toner cloud generation, the conductive toner particles were sprayed at the center of a wide chamber-shaped dented electrode as the lower electrode was placed parallel with the upper electrode, leaving a small gap between them using two insulating sheets. An electrical, field was applied between the two electrodes. The toner moved up and down between the two electrodes by electrostatic force, forming the toner cloud, which propagated to both ends of the dented electrode. This research studies the toner cloud generation conditions using the wide chamber-shaped dented electrode, the slope of the nesa glass, and the slope of the system as the influencing factors that governed toner cloud generation and its movement. An increase in the applied voltage led to a faster toner cloud speed. When a greater amount of toner was applied into the dented electrode, a faster toner cloud movement was obtained. On the other hand, the toner cloud speed decreased when increasing the depth of the dented electrode. An increase of the slope of nesa glass increased the toner cloud speed. However, the toner cloud speed was not significant to the system when the slope was between 0 and 5 degrees. It was also found that the width of toner cloud decreased when the applied voltage increased. Furthermore, the two overlapped cone-shaped dented electrodes could be used for generating the toner transport to the printing system. This research also explains the possible phenomena for toner cloud generation and performance.     

A new model of repulsive force in eddy current separation for recovering waste toner cartridges

Eddy current separation (ECS) is an efficient method for separating aluminum from plastic in crushed waste toner cartridge (TCs). However, in China, ECS quality of aluminum from plastic is rather low in production practice. Repeating separation even manual sorting is required in the production. Improving separation quality of aluminum has been the pressing problem in the recovery of waste TCs. Furthermore, improving ECS quality can reduce the secondary-pollution (furan and dioxin) brought by plastic in later smelting process for the purification of recovered aluminum. Thus, a new model of repulsive force containing impact factors (machine: B_r, k, R, S_m, B_m; material: S_p, V, γ; and operation: ω_m, v, δ) of the separation process was constructed for guiding the ECS process of waste TCs recovering in this paper. For testing whether the model of repulsive force was suitable to guide the ECS, calculation and experiment of detachment angle of aluminum flake were studied. The calculation results of the detachment angles were agreed with the testing experiment. It indicates that the model is suitable for guiding the ECS of waste TCs recovering.     

An environmental friendly recovery production line of waste toner cartridges

Quantity of waste toner cartridges has been generated following the increasing demand for printer and duplicator. Waste toner cartridge contains abundant valuable metals, plastics as well as toxic residual toner. Therefore, the recovery of waste toner cartridges is a meaningful subject, not only from waste treatment but also from environment protection. This study proposed a mechanical production line for recovering waste toner cartridges. The recovery process involved shearing process, magnetic separation, and eddy current separation. The recovery rates of steel (magnet), toner, aluminum, and plastic were 98.4%, 95%, 97.5%, and 98.8%, respectively. The results of the comparison between the production line and full manual dismantling indicated that the production line succeed in recovering waste toner cartridges. In addition, the proposed production line is an efficient and environmental friendly way for recovering waste toner cartridges.     

PARAMETERS INFLUENCING TONER CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING

ABSTRACT

The charge-to-mass ratio, q/m, of a two-component developer is the important factor in an electrophotographic system, since the toner charge controls the developed tone mass and the print quality. This article investigates the charging properties of differently shaped toners (spherical and irregular), and carrier particles that differ in their composition and surface oxide layer thickness by adjusting the applied current. The parameters for toner charging involving the mixing force, the toner concentration, the shape of the toner, the carrier type, and the current of the carrier surface are studied. The print quality is evaluated by focusing on the solid density, 60 and 40% halftone densities, background density, and edge sharpness of the characters. An explanation of the force between the toner and carrier particles is proposed.     

Production of carbon black acrylic composite as an electrophotographic toner using emulsion aggregation method: Investigation the effect of agitation rate

Toner as a composite of colorant, polymer and additives is a primary component of electrophotographic printing and copying processes. It can be produced by conventional mechanical milling or by more recently developed chemical polymerization methods. The emulsion aggregation is a popular chemical method that allows tight control on the size, size distribution and shape of the synthesized toner particles. These characteristics are important for producing high quality, high-resolution printed images. This research investigated the effect of agitation speed on toner synthesis using emulsion aggregation method. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to study the size, shape, and morphology of toner particles. It was found that toner particles synthesized using emulsion aggregation method is spherical in shape and decrease in size as agitation speed increases. Differential scanning calorimetry and spectrophotometric analyses results showed that the toner synthesized by this method had appropriate thermal and colorimetric characteristics as compared to an industrial toner.     

In press conditions and their effect on runnability and convertability in digital package printing

A major advantage of digital printing is that printing can be performed on demand, but like all printing techniques it suffers from specific runnability problems. This study reports on an investigation of problems during printing and how to improve the runnability, with the aim of pointing out the most critical factors. Test printing has been performed on three different paperboard types in digital print units, based on both dry and liquid toner electrophotographic technology. The results show that the three main problems during printing were feeding in sheet‐fed print units, cutting in web‐fed print units, and increasing curl after printing. Feeding problems in sheet‐fed print units were mainly explained by curl and varying format size of the paperboard, but also by exceeding thicknesses limits for the press. Curl after printing principally occurred due to high temperature loads caused by, for example, fusing and conditioning. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.