液氮温度下分子筛的真空吸附特性试验研究

为探究低温容器夹层所用分子筛吸附剂的吸附特性,采用静态膨胀法进行试验,获得了平衡压力为10-3Pa~103Pa范围内4A、5A和13X分子筛对N2、O2单一组分以及空气的吸附等温线,比较了不同分子筛对气体的吸附能力差异,探究了分子筛的吸附机理。研究结果表明:液氮温度下,5A和13X分子筛在真空条件下对N2及O2的吸附性能强,吸附量能达到104Pa·L/g量级,4A分子筛对O2的吸附量也能达到104Pa·L/g量级,然而4A分子筛在平衡压力高时吸附N2能力较差,饱和吸附量仅达到300Pa·L/g左右;三种分子筛对空气的吸附能力为13X分子筛>5A分子筛>4A分子筛,且在液氮温度下,5A分子筛对空气的吸附速率高于13X分子筛。研究分子筛在低温下的真空吸附特性,有助于指导分子筛在低温容器中的应用,同时为低温分子筛的设计提供参考。     

分子筛在低温低压下的吸附特性试验研究

详细介绍了容积法分子筛吸附等温线试验原理、装置、样品制备、试验步骤及数据处理。试验表明5A分子筛在液氮温度低压下对CO_2、N_2、H_2的吸附性能优于13X分子筛。在分析5A、13X分子筛在液氮温度低压下对CO_2、N_2、H_2吸附等温线的基础上,分析研究了分子筛在LNG与LH_2温度下的吸附等温线变化特征。经试验得到的分子筛在液氮温度低压下的吸附等温线可为工程设计提供很好的参考数据。     

碱处理对5A分子筛孔结构和氢吸附行为的影响

采用SEM、EDS、BET和气相色谱等分析方法,研究了NaOH碱处理对5A分子筛显微形貌、成分、比表面积、孔容和氢吸附性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH碱处理降低了5A分子筛骨架中硅铝比,增大分子筛比表面积、孔容和平均孔径,提高了分子筛活化温度。在77K温度及100KPa压力下,碱处理5A分子筛对含0.1vol%H2/He混合气体吸附后尾气氢浓度小于1ppm,氢吸附容量为6.9ml/g。碱处理增加了5A分子筛介孔数量和比表面积及平均孔径,但因为孔径增大,吸附中心周围阳离子对H2分子的作用减弱,碱处理5A分子筛低分压氢吸附容量并无增加。     

乙烯在不同结构PE/分子筛膜中的吸附蒙特卡洛模拟

目的利用蒙特卡洛法模拟分析基体PE的结构变化对其吸附乙烯的影响,从微观角度展现新型活性包装材料PE/分子筛膜对乙烯的吸收过程,揭示微观吸收机理。方法通过MaterialsStudio软件分别构建不同聚合度和分子链数目的 PE/分子筛高分子模型,采用蒙特卡洛法模拟PE/分子筛体系对乙烯的吸附过程,并绘制吸附等温线来分析吸附效果。结果 PE/分子筛体系对乙烯的吸附量随聚合度的增加而减小,随分子链数目的增加而增加;达到吸附平衡后,吸附量在一定范围内存在明显的波动。结论基体结构对活性包装材料PE/分子筛膜的吸收效果有较大的影响。在相同条件下,以低聚合度和多分子链数目结构形成的PE/分子筛包装体系更有利于对乙烯的吸附,且该吸附平衡是一个吸附与脱吸同时发生的动态平衡。     

氧氮的吸附分离

变压吸附空分方法因具有设备简单、启动快等优点而日益受到重视。本文通过试验测定了293.15K及303.15K下氧气、氮气在国产5A型沸石分子筛和炭分子筛上的吸附等温线与传质系数,实测了空气经过5A分子筛柱和炭分子筛柱的共吸附穿透曲线。根据实验结果,分析讨论了氧氮混合物在两种吸附剂上不同的分离效应和共吸附传质规律。图7表2参6。     

分子筛吸附分离乙烯和氮气性能研究

为回收利用HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）装置尾气中的C2H4,测定了C2H4、N2在分子筛吸附剂上的吸附等温线,筛选出对C2H4具有良好吸附性能的13X分子筛吸附剂。在小型动态吸附试验装置上,评价了13X对C2H4-N2混合气的分离效果,考察吸附温度、原料气流速对穿透时间、吸附量及选择分离因数的影响,结果表明：13X吸附剂对C2H4具有较好的选择吸附能力。在固定床吸附分离装置上进行了混合气回收C2H4试验,回收C2H4的体积分数超过95%,回收率达80%以上。     

炭分子筛的结构和表面性质对其吸附分离CH4/N2和CO2/N2的影响

对日本Takeda(CMS-1)、Kuraray(CMS-2)和德国BF(CMS-3)3种炭分子筛(CMS)的孔结构和表面官能团进行了表征,分析了它们对CH4/N2和CO2/N2的吸附平衡和吸附动力学分离性能,以及CMS的结构与表面性质对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,CMS-1和CMS-2可实现CH4/N2的动力学分离,还可实现N2/CO2的平衡分离;CMS-3平衡分离CH4/N2和CO2/N2的效果要优于动力学分离。孔结构是影响炭分子筛分离性能的直接因素,孔径分布的差异使CMS-1和CMS-2对CH4/N2的位阻-动力学分离效应表现得更为明显;表面含氧官能团有利于提高炭分子筛的吸附分离性能。     

分子筛吸附分离氖氦混合物的探索性试验专题总结

本专题对分子筛吸附分离氖氦混合物的可能性,作了探索性的试验;中心内容在于初步将分子筛与活性炭在静吸附值的测定,以及动吸附生产试验方面作些比较。探索试验的结果,认为5 型分子筛可替代活性炭用于生产,而4 型分子筛在试验规定的条件下,不适用于氖氦混合物的分离。在吸附等温线的求算方面,则认为静吸附值大致符合于弗莱英德利赫(Freundlich)经验公式:     

沸石分子筛吸附式制冷 Ⅰ.沸石分子筛体系的选择

用高真空吸附重量法测定了水和乙醇在 NaY、13X、5A 等沸石分子筛上的吸附等温线,吸附温度范围从25℃到300℃。阐述了沸石分子筛用于吸附式制冷的吸附理论基础,根据液-气-沸石的稳态平衡方程对液体-沸石吸附体系制冷的物理化学性质进行了描述。按照不同用途的制冷要求对吸附体系进行了选择。发现乙醇液体-沸石体系(如乙醇-5A 体系)可用于小循环量的低温制冷如制冰、冷冻机等,而水-沸石体系(如水-NaY 体系)可用于大循环量的制冷如空调、冰箱等。     

氧氮在沸石分子筛和焦炭分子筛中扩散性能的测定和研究

本文根据气体在固体颗粒表面扩散的费克第二定律,在一套金属恒温吸附装置中,使气相保持恒容和压力逐渐降低,从而求得吸附动力学过程中压力随时间变化的单一关系。并由此得出以实验数据定的(Po－P)/(Po－P∞)~t1/2曲线图。还根据该曲线的初始段斜率求得扩散参数D/γo2值。最后,利用该法测得了氧氮在4A分子筛、5A分子筛和焦炭分子筛中的扩散参数。探讨和鉴别了沸石分子筛和焦炭分子筛在吸附分离氧氮过程中的不同机理。图4表2参考文献3。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.     

Tc trend in high-Tc superconductors

In our previous works, we have shown that most existing ceramic superconductors can be considered to be built of superconductor-semiconductor composite and we have estimated the change in phonon spectrum of the intrinsic superconductor unit if a semiconductor unit is attached to it. Moreover, the proximity effect under the size quantization condition has been examined in the superconductor-semiconductor composite. Each of the stated effects by itself could causeT _c enhancement in general as more semiconductor blocks are added to the system. We extend our study in this paper to analyze the combined actions of phonon spectral change and proximity effect without size quantization condition onT _c variation in members of the Tl₁ series of high-T _c superconductors. Our results indicate that an optimumT _c is obtained if the stated effects are included in the idealized unit cells of the superconductors made up of a superconductor-semiconductor array.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.