溶胶-凝胶模板法制备有序大孔TiO_2微球

以无皂乳液聚合方法自制的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球乳液为原料,利用PS自组装制备了有序胶体晶体模板("蛋白石"),采用溶胶-凝胶模板法制备了有序大孔TiO2微球("反蛋白石"),其孔呈六边形,孔径分布均一,约为200nm。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌特征及晶型进行了表征,结果表明,采用表面含有羧基的单分散聚苯乙烯微球及高的硅油黏度制得的模板有序度高;通过控制煅烧温度可以改变有序大孔TiO2微球的晶型,当煅烧温度为500℃时,其晶型为锐钛型,当煅烧温度为700℃时,其晶型则为金红石型。     

沉积气压对磁控溅射制备ZnO薄膜的结构与光学性能影响

采用CS-400型射频磁控溅射仪在Si(111)和石英基底上成功的制备了ZnO薄膜,分别用XRD、SEM、紫外-可见光分光光度计和荧光分光光度计表征样品的结构和光学性质.实验表明,采用射频磁控溅射制备的ZnO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构的(002)峰和(101)峰的两种取向.在沉积气压>1.0Pa时所制备的ZnO薄膜具有(002)择优取向,并且十分稳定.SEM图表明,ZnO薄膜颗粒大小较为均匀,晶粒尺寸随着气压升高而变小,沉积气压不同时,薄膜样品的生长方式有所差异.在400～1000nm范围内,可以看出除O.5Pa下制备的ZnO薄膜外,其余ZnO薄膜在可见光区域的平均透过率超过80%,吸收边在380nm附近,所对应的光学带隙约为3.23～3.27eV,并随着沉积气压上升而变大.ZnO薄膜的PL谱上观察到了392nm的近紫外峰和419nm的蓝峰;沉积气压对Zno薄膜的发光峰位和峰强有影响.     

Fe掺杂片状ZnO晶体的制备及光学性能研究

采用均匀沉淀法在常温开放体系下制备了片状ZnO晶体前驱物,经600℃煅烧得到纯ZnO晶体;在此基础上,采用原位掺杂的方法制备了片状掺Fe的ZnO晶体。通过体视显微镜、XRD、UV-Vis吸收和PL研究了Fe掺杂对片状ZnO晶体结构和光学性能的影响。结果显示掺Fe后ZnO晶体仍具有正六边形形貌和纤锌矿结构,其在398nm处的紫外发射峰和458nm处的蓝光发射峰位置保持不变,但晶片直径减小,禁带宽度增大,发光峰强度降低。     

ZnO纳米棒阵列、纳米片及其发光和光催化特性

首先通过溶胶-凝胶法在Si片基底上制备1层ZnO纳米薄膜,作为纳米棒的晶种层,然后利用金属浴沉积法在ZnO纳米薄膜基础上制备择优取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列,最后通过水热法二次成核结晶形成纳米片。研究证明,ZnO纳米棒阵列和纳米片均沿着c轴取向。在Cu2+抑制极性面生长的作用下,形成的ZnO纳米片结构均匀,分布面积广,单片ZnO纳米片的厚度约为8 nm,面积呈平方微米级,较大的有40μm2左右。ZnO纳米结构的生长取向对其物理化学性能具有重要影响。高度沿c轴取向的ZnO纳米棒有利于紫外光发射和激光器的发展,但极性面的缩小不利于光催化反应。     

多孔磷酸铁锂薄膜的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶技术与PS微球模板相结合,在铝基板上成功制备了亚微米连续蜂窝网状LiFePO4薄膜。采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对薄膜的组成及显微形貌进行了表征,研究了成膜工艺、涂膜方法及模板球直径等因素对薄膜形貌的影响规律,并对薄膜形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,成膜过程中模板表面溶胶层与模板之间的作用力是影响薄膜结构的关键因素;对于600nm PS球模板和200nm PS球模板获得完好LiFePO4薄膜的最佳方法分别为浸渍提拉法和旋涂法。     

蓝光发光性能优异的氧化锌空心微球的制备及表征

本工作采用低温溶剂水浴热法,以葡萄糖、柠檬酸盐为辅助剂,首先制备了柠檬酸锌空心微球,然后在空气气氛中500℃煅烧制得ZnO空心微球。应用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM、TEM、IR对产物的组成、结构以及形貌进行了研究,研究发现该方法制备的前驱体为直径约为2μm,壁厚约为200 nm的空心微球。由前驱体煅烧后得到的ZnO空心微球由粒径为20~30 nm的纳米粒子组装成,平均直径约为1μm,壁厚约为100 nm。此外还采用光致发光光谱仪(PL)对产物的光学性能进行了研究,结果表明ZnO空心微球在激发波长为325 nm的条件下具有较好的蓝光发光性能,发光峰位于469 nm处。     

胶晶模板法制备WO3多孔薄膜及其光催化特性

通过苯乙烯聚合制备了聚苯乙烯微球胶体,采用浸渍-提拉制备成为紧密堆积的PS球胶晶模板,微球之间的间隙采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的WO3溶胶填隙,最后通过煅烧得到有序规则排列的多孔WO3薄膜。通过XRD、SEM对WO3多孔薄膜的结构及形貌进行了表征,并评价了薄膜的光催化性能。结果表明,在450℃高温下煅烧PS模板,得到有序排列的多孔WO3薄膜,平均粒径为150nm,光催化效率最高。     

锌膜退火氧化制备ZnO薄膜的单一紫光发射性能

通过锌膜在金属锌熔点以上的温度退火氧化的方法制备ZnO薄膜,研究了氧气压力对ZnO薄膜发光性能的影响.ZnO薄膜的室温光致发光谱是由发光中心在413nm～424nm处的单一紫光组成.随着氧气压力的增加,紫光的强度增加并且发光中心由424nm偏移到413nm.在低氧气压力下(50 Pa～500Pa),紫光的发射归因于电子从价带到锌间隙原子(Zni)之间的跃迁.在高氧气压力下(5000Pa～23000Pa),锌间隙原子(Zni)和锌空位(VZn)缺陷都和紫光发射有关.     

纳米颗粒包覆ZrW_2O_8空心结构的制备和性能

采用包覆法制备单一相钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)空心球。研究选择以水热合成法制备的胶体碳球作为制备空心球的模板,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了具有网状结构的钨酸锆前驱体凝胶,经过后续简单的包覆过程得到胶体碳球—钨酸锆凝胶形成的壳核结构,并对该壳核结构进行煅烧(610℃保温10h)后除去碳球模板得到ZrW2O8空心球。实验所得ZrW2O8空心球平均粒径约3μm,球壳平均厚度为1.5μm,构成壳层结构的纳米级ZrW2O8颗粒为棒状无规则多面体,尺寸约500nm×50nm×50nm。FTIR和TG-DTA分析证明,产物为立方相ZrW2O8空心球,密度为2.8g/cm3,比理论值降低了45%;产物空心球具有良好的负热膨胀特性,在室温至200℃的温度区间内,负膨胀系数略低于理论值,平均热膨胀系数为-11.4×10-6K-1。     

沉积气压对电弧离子镀制备ZnO薄膜的结构和性能影响

采用阴极真空电弧离子镀技术在玻璃衬底上制备出了具有择优取向的透明ZnO薄膜. 利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及紫外-可见吸收光谱仪分别对ZnO薄膜的结构、表面形貌及可见光透过率进行了分析.XRD结果表明,所制备的ZnO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构的(002)和(101)两种取向,在沉积气压＞1.0Pa时所制备的ZnO薄膜具有(002)择优取向,并且非常稳定.SEM图表明,ZnO晶粒大小较为均匀,晶粒尺寸随着气压升高而变小.在400～1000nm范围内,ZnO薄膜的可见光透过率超过80%,吸收边在370nm附近,所对应的光学带隙约为3.33～3.40eV,并随着沉积气压上升而变大.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.