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介绍了淀粉基生物降解塑料耐水性的评价方法,论述了提高淀粉基生物降解塑料耐水性的措施与方法。 相似文献
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对于一次性应用的众多塑料包装材料,包装废弃物的有效处置,一直是业界面临的一大问题,国外先进的工业发达国家,积多年之经验,总结出了发展塑料包装材料的3R1D的原则,对于不能回收、不易回收的塑料包装材料,诸如塑料薄膜之类,提出了大力开发、利用降解类塑料包装材料类产品的主张,但虽然经过了数十年的努力,或因降解塑料制品的性能欠佳,或因降解塑料制品的价格太高,降解塑料制品的性价比问题,一直未得到比较理想的解决,降解塑料的大量应用,仍然是一个尚待解决的问题。这次展会上,日本尤尼奇卡公司和香港力高环保服务公司的展品.或许能使我们看到降解塑料在软包装领域中应用的一线曙光。 相似文献
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塑料加工成型技术的最新研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据塑料工业发展低耗、高效、环保型“绿色”加工成型技术的重大需求,随着塑料塑化输运方法的不断演变与创新,在塑料动态加工成型方法和设备的基础上提出和研究了基于拉伸流变的塑料加工成型方法和技术,着重讨论了拉伸形变支配的叶片挤压系统中塑料塑化输运过程、叶片挤压系统的技术特征和叶片塑化输运技术的应用。研究结果表明,与传统技术及设备相比较,这种新技术及设备具有加工历程缩短50 %以上、加工能耗降低30 %左右、混合混炼效果好、制品质量提高、对物料适应性广等优异的技术性能。同时发现,新技术及设备在多相多组份复合材料、剪切热敏感高分子材料等物料体系的加工方面具有独特优势。 相似文献
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用ISO4600规定的球压入法研究了七种常用车灯塑料的耐环境应力开裂性能,得出了这些车灯塑料不宜接触的化学介质环境.实验结果表明,塑料环境应力开裂时间与溶剂的溶解度参数有关,并且还与聚合物的结晶性以及聚合物中填充物的加入有密切的关系。 相似文献
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近年来,世界各国均加大力度禁止和限制不易回收、易污染的一次性塑料产品。生物降解塑料成为替代一次性塑料产品的最佳选择。生物降解塑料分为生物基和石化基两大类。前者按制作方法细分为完全生物降解塑料(全淀粉生物降解塑料、微生物发酵和化学合成共同参与获得的生物降解塑料、微生物合成型生物降解塑料、共混型生物降解塑料)和不完全生物降解塑料。后者是以煤或石油等化石能源为原料,用化学合成法由单体聚合而成,代表性品种有聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS) 、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)等,该类塑料均基于脂肪族聚酯,分子链上的酯基结构决定了它们易被微生物或酶降解。从上述各类生物降解塑料的加工制作方法、性能特点、应用场合以及全球、国内外产能状况展开论述。未来,我国应重点发展淀粉基、PLA、 PBAT等三大生物降解塑料,应重视对高分子设计法的研究。 相似文献
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C. Schmauch 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》1990,21(8):314-320
Basic material properties relevant for the design with plastics In the recent years plastics have gained an increasing importance and are now penetrating fields which have previously been restricted to metals. Designing with plastics produced difficulties, because they were no rules concerning the specific behaviour of plastics. Therefore, it was often tried to transform the designs for metallic materials to plastics. This however, was not very successful and it did not lead to useful products with acceptable prices. In the following review fundamental differences between the material properties of metals and plastics are compared. The knowledge of these differences enables the designer to use plastics in a more sophisticated manner. If used in the right way most of the specific properties of plastics can help optimizing technical parts. 相似文献
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高分子合金增韧机理的研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
简要回顾了弹性体增韧塑料的机理后,着重介绍了刚性粒子增韧塑料的基本概念,分析方法和增韧机理,分析了两种增韧机理的差异及内在联系,最后旨出刚性粒子增韧作为一种增韧新方法,使之有可能成为制备高强度高韧性的一种新途径。 相似文献
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研究了TWINTEX纤维增强塑料在酸中的应力腐蚀,并与玻璃纤维增强塑料的应力腐蚀进行了比较.结果表明,TWINTEX纤维增强塑料具有比玻璃纤维增强塑料好得多的耐应力腐蚀性能,而且这种好的耐应力腐蚀性主要表现在长的裂纹孕育期.聚丙烯纤维良好的耐蚀性是造成长的裂纹孕育期的主要原因.外加载荷的变化对TWINTEX纤维增强塑料的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率的影响不如其对玻璃纤维增强塑料的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率的影响显著. 相似文献
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植物油基泡沫塑料环境友好,综述了植物油制备泡沫塑料的研究进展,主要介绍了植物油的基本组成,并根据泡沫基体材料组成对植物油基泡沫材料进行了分类,分析了植物油改性制备泡沫塑料的主要方法、种类、反应机理及其对材料性能的影响,展望了植物油基泡沫塑料的发展和应用方向。 相似文献
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Ichiro Takano Yoshiharu Arai Michiko Sasaki Yoshio Sawada Kaori Yamada Takayoshi Yagasaki Yuji Kimura 《Vacuum》2006,80(7):788-792
Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He+ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar+ ion bombardment. He+ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics. 相似文献
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Mikio Yoshida Shingo Nakatsukasa Masaaki Nanba Kuniaki Gotoh Tatsuya Zushi Yasuo Kubo Jun Oshitani 《Advanced Powder Technology》2010,21(1):69-74
In order to decrease Cl content in waste plastics, dry density float-sink separation of Cl-contained and Cl-free plastics was explored using a semi-continuous rotating-type gas–solid fluidized bed separator with silica sand. The separator has two distinctive features: (1) the plastics can be fed at a middle height of the sand bed, and (2) when the plastics are recovered with the sand from a container after the float-sink, the recovery height of the sand bed can be changed to designate the plastics as floaters or sinkers. The waste plastics of Cl content = 5.4 wt% were used in this study. The separation was investigated by changing the experimental conditions. As a result, the float-sink of the plastics was affected by the air velocity for fluidization, the float-sink time and the feed amount of plastics. The possible causes of the effects were discussed by focusing on the apparent density of fluidized bed, the fluidization intensity, the size segregation of fluidized particle, the shape of the plastics, and the interactions between the plastics during the float-sink. When the recovery height was changed at the adjusted conditions, the Cl content in the floaters was successfully decreased to be 0.4–0.85 wt%, at which the recovery of the Cl-free plastics was 40–60%. 相似文献