我国政府统计数据的质量标准及其控制

本文从政府统计数据质量的涵义出发,在借鉴世界各国统计机构不同标准的基础上,认为我国政府统计数据质量的标准有精度、准确性、适用性、及时性、完整性、一致性和最低成本原则等。并从我国目前统计工作的实际出发,提出了有针对性的可操作化控制建议,以期在实际工作中指导调查者实现最佳的调查效果。     

Blockchain-Based Trusted Electronic Records Preservation in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage represents the trend of intensive, scale and specialization of information technology, which has changed the technical architecture and implementation method of electronic records management. Moreover, it will provide a convenient way to generate more advanced and efficient management of the electronic data records. However, in cloud storage environment, it is difficult to guarantee the trustworthiness of electronic records, which results in a series of severe challenges to electronic records management. Starting from the definition and specification of electronic records, this paper firstly analyzes the requirements of the trustworthiness in cloud storage during their long-term preservation according to the information security theory and subdivides the trustworthiness into the authenticity, integrity, usability, and reliability of electronic records in cloud storage. Moreover, this paper proposes the technology framework of preservation for trusted electronic records. Also, the technology of blockchain, proofs of retrievability, the open archival information system model and erasure code are adopted to protect these four security attributes, to guarantee the credibility of the electronic record.     

Deletion and Recovery Scheme of Electronic Health Records Based on Medical Certificate Blockchain

The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can realize the efficient use of medical data resources. Generally speaking, EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms. EHRs are valuable private assets of patients, and the ownership belongs to patients. While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals, it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain. This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to realize the recovery of deleted EHRs. At the same time, this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store Personal Health Records, which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions. In addition, this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records. Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking, our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process. System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.     

The information gap between design engineering and materials supply systems design

This paper focuses on the design of materials supply systems in product development projects. In order to design the materials supply system in parallel with the product, product data must be available to the materials supply systems designers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the information quality of the required product data and to indicate how this information quality can be increased. Empirical data have been gathered through case studies conducted within the manufacturing industry. The empirical data show that it is possible to identify the product data required for materials supply systems design. It is also shown that there is an information gap between design engineering and materials supply systems design. The information quality of the required product data for the materials supply systems design has many imperfections, mainly in terms of accessibility, ease of operation, timeliness, understandability, interpretability, relevancy, and completeness. The information quality can be improved by the use of PDM systems, which are especially useful for facilitating an increase in accessibility, ease of operation, and timeliness.     

Eight-node conforming straight-side quadrilateral element with high-order completeness (QH8-C1)

A new eight-node conforming quadrilateral element with high-order completeness, denoted as QH8-C1, is proposed in this article. First, expressions for the interpolation displacement function satisfying the requirements for high-order completeness in the global coordinate system are constructed. Second, the displacement function expression in global coordinates is transformed into isoparametric coordinates, and the relationships between the two series of coefficients for the two kinds of displacement function expressions are found. Third, the displacement function expression is modified to satisfy the requirements of nodal freedom and interelement boundary continuity. The key to the new element construction is the derivation of the linear relationship expressions among 12 coefficients of element displacement interpolation polynomials in the global and isoparametric coordinate systems. As a result, the relationship between quadratic completeness and interelement continuity is explicitly given, and a proof of the completeness and the continuity was conducted to theoretically guarantee the validity of the derivation results. Furthermore, in order to verify the correctness of the theoretical work, nine numerical examples were performed. The computation results from these examples demonstrate that QH8-C1 exhibited excellent performance, including high simulation accuracy, fast convergence, insensitivity to mesh distortion, and monotonic convergence.     

Secure and Efficient Data Storage and Sharing Scheme Based on Double Blockchain

In the digital era, electronic medical record (EMR) has been a major way for hospitals to store patients’ medical data. The traditional centralized medical system and semi-trusted cloud storage are difficult to achieve dynamic balance between privacy protection and data sharing. The storage capacity of blockchain is limited and single blockchain schemes have poor scalability and low throughput. To address these issues, we propose a secure and efficient medical data storage and sharing scheme based on double blockchain. In our scheme, we encrypt the original EMR and store it in the cloud. The storage blockchain stores the index of the complete EMR, and the shared blockchain stores the index of the shared part of the EMR. Users with different attributes can make requests to different blockchains to share different parts according to their own permissions. Through experiments, it was found that cloud storage combined with blockchain not only solved the problem of limited storage capacity of blockchain, but also greatly reduced the risk of leakage of the original EMR. Content Extraction Signature (CES) combined with the double blockchain technology realized the separation of the privacy part and the shared part of the original EMR. The symmetric encryption technology combined with Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP–ABE) not only ensures the safe storage of data in the cloud, but also achieves the consistency and convenience of data update, avoiding redundant backup of data. Safety analysis and performance analysis verified the feasibility and effectiveness of our scheme.     

基于区块链技术的空调产品电子病历共享方案

随着空调领域大数据和智能化的飞速发展,良好的数据管理模式变得十分重要。本文首次提出一种将区块链作为底层技术的空调产品电子病历共享方案,旨在构建一个去中心化和第三方信任的空调病历信息共享平台。通过运用哈希计算、非对称加密和全网共识等技术,达到对空调故障病历数据的全网可信,突破个人、企业之间的信任壁垒。研究表明:基于区块链技术的空调产品电子病历平台能赋予存储于其中的数据不可篡改、相对透明和可回溯的特性,从而保证平台数据的完全可信。同时其存储成本相对较低,平均每例存储成本仅为2 kB。     

数字化转型:计量检测机构发展的“新基建”

信息技术日新月异,数据经济浪潮汹涌。数字化创新是产业链持续发展的保障,而计量检测是国家高质量发展的基石。计量检测工作数字化转型既是服务于政府数字经济发展、保障民生、产业质量提升的现实需要,也是计量检测机构高质量发展的"新基建"。南京市计量监督检测院前瞻性布局数字化应用,近年来积极探索计量检测与数字化转型的融合渗透,并取得了积极的成果。     

Data storage gets to the point

Could a system that is basically mechanical, albeit micromechanical, compete with electronic and magnetic devices for storing large volumes of data? Surprisingly, recent research suggests that the answer may be yes. Stranger still, the concept being investigated by IBM and others is not too far removed from that of the phonograph and record player, the once familiar system used for writing and retrieving data to and from revolving disks. But the scale of the once familiar pick-up needle compared with what is now proposed is as an ocean compared with a drop.In the new ultra-compact system for storing digital data developed by IBM researchers, patterns on the surface of a material are traced by points so fine that the impression left by one of them would be one fifty-thousandth the size of the full stop at the end of this sentence. Using technology first developed as the atomic force microscope (AFM) to trace topography down to the scale of individual atoms and molecules can, say IBM researchers, enable data to be stored at densities as high as 1 Tb/in² — a density ten times higher than today’s most advanced disk drives.     

Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.     

Organisational aspects of mammography screening in digital settings: first experiences of Luxembourg

Luxembourg has been conducting a breast cancer screening programme since 1992, like a large number of other European countries, as early detection and treatment of breast cancer have been proven to reduce mortality. The majority of these screening programmes are based on analogue X-ray technology and have optimised their organisation of transporting, archiving and reading with respect to films. Last decade is marked by enormous developments in digital mammography. Different technologies such as flat panel-, computed radiography- and scanning systems became available. Digital mammography is expected to have a major impact on quality and organisation of breast cancer screening programmes. Screening programmes are now faced with a huge challenge of incorporating the digital technology, including implementation of electronic image exchange, conception of new electronic workflow, establishing adapted quality assurance programmes and training of radiologists and technical personnel. Initial experiences of the Luxembourg approach in organising digital mammography screening and its quality assurance are reported.     

Performance Analysis of Relay Based NOMA Cooperative Transmission under Cognitive Radio Network

This paper proposes a hybrid spectrum accessing mechanism by using NOMA-based cooperative transmission and beam-forming technology. In this mechanism, the secondary user employs spectrum-sensing technology to detect the existence of the primary user. If the primary user does not exist, the secondary source user directly transmits data to the destination user. If the primary user exists, the secondary source user finds the optimal relay according to certain selection principle before transmitting data to the destination user through the chosen relay node. For the signal receiving stage, the secondary user takes use of beam-forming technology to receive the signal from both the secondary source and the secondary relay node. Meanwhile the interference from the primary user is cancelled out in the stage. Furthermore, the outage probability for secondary user in the proposed mechanism is theoretically derived. Finally, the simulation results show that compared with the traditional mechanism, the proposed system model can not only guarantee the continuity of secondary transmission, but also significantly reduce the outage probability of secondary transmission.     

通用数据质量评分系统的研究与设计

本文针对如何对不同批次、来源的特定数据进行质量评价和量化的问题,提出了一种涵盖准确性、完整性和时效性三方面的数据质量指标体系,设计了具体量化评分方法,实现了一个自动评分与人工评分相结合的通用数据质量评分系统.实际应用表明,该系统指标体系合理、评分结论可信,在推进数据质量提高方面具有重要作用.     

The Past, Present, and Future of Tableting Technology

The evolution of tableting technology was briefly reviewed and the predictions and suggestions for the future of this field were made. The factors that would be primarily responsible for the progress in the development of the justified formulations and processes of the future were pointed out to be dependent on the successful implementation of the following concepts: universal excipient harmonizations; standardized excipient functionality testing; compaction data bank; preformulation database; formulation and process expert systems; a new generation of tableting equipment; and interactive electronic reports. A case study on the use of an integrated compaction research system to evaluate the performance of customized punch displacement profiles was briefly discussed. A special emphasis was given to the first-time application (in the field of pharmaceutical technology) of a prototype interactive electronic data reporting method. Two short communication case studies were presented using the data obtained from milling and compaction studies in order to demonstrate the potential usefulness of the interactive digital data communication in the area of solid-dosage forms.     

数字信号调制方法刍议

随着通信和电子技术的高速发展,数字信号调制方式正向着多样化和智能化趋势更加明显,并在诸多领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文是从数字信号调制的应用和识别发展人手,对数字信号调制方法进行了探索和研究。     

Improvement of digital geographic data quality

The article focuses on the study of characteristics of digital geographical data and the influence of these characteristics on the quality of the basis being ready for the decision-making processes. Characteristics of digital geographical data are mainly described from the point of view of their technical parameters and keeping the technological indicators while obtaining them. Our system brings a user's view into the assessment of characteristics. We define user's requirements on data and suggest the system of their evaluation. The assessment of data characteristics comes out of the standard ISO 19113 and the theory of value analysis. Both systems are joined into a complex system for data evaluation. Technical characteristics of data are evaluated mainly by the level of accomplishment of qualitative indicators, e.g. meeting all requirements of horizontal and vertical mean square error, or by completeness of filling of all expected information. Meeting all users’ requirements is usually expressed by the level of user's satisfaction with the particular product. This level is set based on the survey among users. Simultaneously, the weight of the individual evaluating criteria is set according to specific types of solved tasks. The system of data evaluation is supplemented with a system of calculation of costs that are needed for obtaining the data. It is possible, however, to work either with the complete database, or to count also the influences of particular groups of data (e.g. communications, residential buildings, etc.) on the complete quality of the final product. The system of costs calculation and evaluation of data quality then enables the optimisation of the use of funds or disposable time for obtaining quality data. The use of the complete system is presented in a pilot project in which a model of terrain passability by a military heavy vehicle is solved.     

数字影院技术和市场发展提速

本文以详细的数据指出了数字电影院近几年在国内外的蓬勃发展,全面地阐述了数字电影的特性和优点,如:制作成本低,每一个放映硬盘不超过600元,而一个电影拷贝大多在万元左右,彻底解决了电影拷贝洗印厂的废液排放的污染问题,而且画面质量虽然尚不及原版电影片,但与多次拷贝的放映电影片相比,已不逊色等等,因此具有极大的发展空间,其技术和市场发展极为迅速,被称为电影的第三次革命。     

数字影院技术和市场发展提速

本文以详细的数据指出了数字电影院近几年在国内外的蓬勃发展，全面地阐述了数字电影的特性和优点，如：制作成本低，每一个放映硬盘不超过600元，而一个电影拷贝大多在万元左右，彻底解决了电影拷贝洗印厂的废液排放的污染问题，而且画面质量虽然尚不及原版电影片，但与多次拷贝的放映电影片相比，已不逊色等等，因此具有极大的发展空间，其技术和市场发展极为迅速，被称为电影的第三次革命。     

Colour Photography vs Electronic Digital Imaging as a System for Recording Works of Art*

This paper indicates the various limitations of conventional colour photography as a medium in which to either record or reproduce works of art and architecture in general, and painting in particular. Spectral response of emulsions, problems of processing and lack of stability make the use of conventional colour photography as either an archival record or a system of reproducing works of art and architecture problematic, even under optimum conditions. The advantages of electronic digital imaging are discussed with reference to the ability to control all stages of image production, storage and retrieval. Higher quality images of greater resolution and colour fidelity to the original are theoretically possible. Such images would be stable, permanent and above all far more accessible than conventional photography permits.     

传统陶瓷艺术作品的三维数字化重建及应用的研究与实践

目的 研究获取传统陶瓷艺术作品完整彩色点云数据,并高效进行三维重建的技术方法,探索陶艺作品数字内容虚拟展示平台的构建及推广利用的有效途径.方法 采用拍照式三维扫描设备采集陶艺作品的三维彩色点云数据,研究并提出了融合、修补等后处理的新方法,得到完整的优化彩色点云信息.通过网格化处理获得陶瓷艺术品的高保真三维网格模型和简化网格,利用虚拟现实技术开发数字化展示平台.结果 获取了石湾陶瓷传统艺术作品的三维彩色点云数据,完成了点云优化、修复,生成了高精度的彩色网格模型并进行了数字化的推广与宣传.结论 提出的三维重建技术和虚拟展示方法为我国陶瓷艺术作品的保护、传承与推广作出了积极的探索,为利用现代科技进行文化遗产数字化保护作出了新的尝试.