Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aqueous solution by porous polymeric adsorbents

MTBE has emerged as an important water pollutant because of its high mobility, persistence, and toxicity. In this study, a postcrosslinked polymeric adsorbent was prepared by postcrosslinking of a commercial chloromethylated polymer, and a nonpolar porous polymer with comparable surface area and micropore volume to the postcrosslinked polymer was prepared by suspended polymerization. The postcrosslinked polymer, nonpolar porous polymer and chloromethylated polymer were characterized by N2 adsorption, FTIR and XPS analysis. Results showed that postcrosslinking reaction led to the generation of a microporous postcrosslinked polymer with BET surface area 782m2g(-1), average pore width 3.0nm and micropore volume 0.33cm3g(-1). FTIR and XPS analysis indicated the formation of surface oxygen-containing groups on the postcrosslinked polymer. The three polymers were used as adsorbents to remove aqueous methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Adsorption of MTBE over the postcrosslinked polymeric adsorbent was found to follow the linear adsorption isotherm, whereas MTBE adsorption onto the nonpolar porous polymer and chloromethylated polymer followed Langmuir adsorption model. Comparison of adsorption capacities of the postcrosslinked polymer, chloromethylated polymer and nonpolar porous polymer revealed that the adsorption of MTBE from aqueous solution is dependent on both pore structure and surface chemistry of polymeric adsorbents, and the high adsorption efficiency of the postcrosslinked polymer towards MTBE is attributed to its high surface area, large micropore volume and moderate hydrophility. The process of MTBE adsorption onto the adsorbents can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the rate of adsorption decreased at higher MTBE initial concentration.     

单宁改性酚醛基炭气凝胶的制备及其CO2吸附性能

基于绿色低成本的单宁所具有的大量反应性羟基,其与醛类反应具有与苯酚或间苯二酚相似的机制。在传统的酚醛树脂基(苯酚-尿素-甲醛)炭气凝胶的基础上,通过添加单宁进行改性,成功制备出新型高效的CO₂吸附用酚醛基炭气凝胶。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和氮气吸脱附测试对其表面化学和孔隙结构进行了系统表征,同时通过CO₂吸脱附测试对其CO₂吸附量、选择性吸附及吸附热等进行了研究。结果表明：以绿色可再生的生物质原料单宁对原料进行部分取代,不仅可以显著降低产品成本,还可以明显改善其CO₂的吸附性能。当单宁的添加量(15 g)为苯酚用量的50wt%时,样品具有最大的比表面积(1 376.31 m2·g^-1)和微孔体积(0.55 cm3·g^-1),是一种极具潜力的气体吸附材料。其相应的CO₂吸附量高达5.36 mmol·g^-1,选择性吸附和吸附热则分别为16.84和34.49 kJ·mol^-1<...     

Adsorption isotherms of phenols from water onto macroreticular resins

The amounts of equilibrium adsorption of phenol and 4-chlorophenol from water on non-ionic macroreticular resins were measured in the temperature range 288–318 K. It was shown that the isotherm data could not be fit by any conventional two- or three-parameter equation including the Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, and Redlich–Peterson equations over the entire range of concentration (1–32 mol m⁻³). They were well fit by combined BET equation or its modified form with the Freundlich or Langmuir equation, depending on the types of solutes and the resins. Such different fitting results could be related to the solute–resin interactions owing to the relatively wide pore size distribution of the resins. The effect of temperature on adsorption equilibrium was also discussed.     

高温热处理对活性炭纤维微孔及表面性能的影响

研究了1173K高温改性处理对沥青基活性炭纤维吸附性能、孔径分布、微孔结构和表面化学的影响。低温(77K)N2吸附结果表明热处理后活性炭纤维比表面积略有下降，通过密度函数理论解析活性炭纤维全孔范围的孔分布得出活性炭纤维表面孔径大于1．0nm的微孔明显减少，微孔孔径更加集中于0．5nm～1．0nm，从而提高了活性炭纤维的碘吸附值。X射线衍射分析表明活性炭纤维是乱层石墨结构，热处理使活性炭纤维类石墨微晶碳层面的层间距下降，X光电子能谱分析表明热处理后活性炭纤维表面的含氧官能团C=O和COOH的含量变化不大，而呈碱性酚羟基C—OH含量的明显下降使活性炭纤维表面碱性降低。     

Preparation and characterization of hypercrosslinked resins with bimodal pore size distribution and controllable microporosity

Hypercrosslinked polystyrene resins with bimodal pore size distribution and controllable microporosity were prepared by combining traditional suspension polymerization and post crosslinking technique. The volume ratio of divinylbenzene (DVB) in monomer mixtures was kept at 20%, while vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) concentration was progressively reduced to investigate effect of post crosslinking degree on the pore structure of the hypercrosslinked species. The results indicated that higher VBC concentration in monomer mixtures led to greater surface area, smaller average pore size and higher microporosity. Moreover, bimodal distribution of pore size could be observed for the final resins. The mesopore fraction should be derived from the pores originally present in precursor resins, while the micropore fraction was originated from the post crosslinking.     

光氯化-烷基化两步法制备超高交联树脂及对苯酚的吸附性能

通过对二甲苯侧链光氯化产物(CP)与苯(BE)的Friede-l Crafts烷基化聚合反应制备比表面积高达905m2/g的超高交联吸附树脂(CP-BE)材料,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)及比表面积(BET)对其结构进行表征。以XDC-BE和市售Amberlite XAD-4为参照,在不同温度下,测试了三种吸附树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附性能,结果表明,CP-BE和XDC-BE树脂对苯酚的吸附量分别高达171 mg/g和143 mg/g,远高于国内外用于酚类吸附的Amberlite XAD-4树脂,有望在酚类废水资源化治理中得到实际应用。     

啶虫脒在超高交联吸附树脂上的吸附及脱附性能研究

本文从动态和静态的角度研究了均苯四甲酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（PMAR）和1,2,4-苯三酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（TMAR）对啶虫脒的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明：两种树脂对啶虫眯的吸附和脱附效果都比较好,TMAR的静态吸附量为470．9mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为562．7mg·g^-1干树脂;PMAR的静态吸附量为453．4mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为559．1mg·g^-1干树脂。两种树脂都易于脱附,用2mol·L^-1 HCl：乙醇（体积比1：1）作脱附剂,温度323K,脱附剂体积为9．5BV（床体积）时,PMAR的脱附率为98．13％,TMAR的脱附率为99．83％。     

沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及维生素B12吸附行为的研究

研究了具有不同比表面积及孔结构特征的沥青基球状活性炭对水溶液中肌酐及维生素Ｂ１２（简称ＶＢ１２）的吸附行为。结果表明，随沥青基球状活性炭比表面积的增大，沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及ＶＢ１２的吸附能力均有增大的趋势；但在具有相近比表面积的沥青基球状活性炭中，微孔含量高者对肌酐吸附有利，而中孔含量高者对ＶＢ１２的吸附作用显著增强     

大孔树脂-聚酰胺联用纯化桑葚花色苷

目的 为了得到纯度更高的桑葚花色苷.方法 以桑葚为研究对象,比较AB-8,D4020,D101,NKA-9,HPD100等5种大孔树脂对桑葚花色苷吸附和解吸性能的影响,确定最佳工艺条件.结果 HPD100大孔树脂是最合适的桑葚花色苷纯化物质,测得吸附率和解吸率分别为93.6％和37.9％;纯化工艺最佳条件为上样流速1.5 mg/mL、上样pH值2.4、乙醇体积100 mL、洗脱流速1.5 mg/mL、乙醇体积分数70％,在此条件下测得纯度为35.15％.运用聚酰胺树脂进行2次纯化得到的最佳纯化条件为上样pH值3.4、乙醇体积分数70％,在此条件下测得纯度为50.76％.结论 此最佳纯化工艺条件能够有效提高桑葚花色苷的纯度,为后续桑葚花色苷研究提供重要参考.     

Adsorption characteristics of aniline and 4-methylaniline onto bifunctional polymeric adsorbent modified by sulfonic groups

In this paper a new bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) was synthesized by introducing sulfonic groups onto the surface of the resin during the post-crossing of chloromethyl low crosslinking macroporous poly-styrene resin, and the comparison of the adsorption properties of LS-2 with Amberlite XAD-4 toward aniline and 4-methylaniline in aqueous solutions was made. The study focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors, the adsorption thermodynamics, and the column dynamic adsorption and desorption profiles. Freundlich model gives a perfect fitting to the isotherm data. Although the specific surface area of LS-2 is lower than that of Amberlite XAD-4, the adsorbing capacities for these two adsorbates on LS-2 are higher than those on Amberlite XAD-4 within the temperature range 288-318 K, which is contributed to microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resins. The adsorption for aniline or 4-methylaniline on LS-2 was proved to be an endothermic process and increasing temperature was favorable. From the studies on the adsorption thermodynamics, static equilibrium adsorption, and the desorption conditions, an important conclusion can be drawn that the adsorption for aniline or 4-methylaniline on the LS-2 is a coexistence process of physical adsorption and chemical transition.     

2种泡沫碳活化用于超级电容器电极材料的充放电性能研究

分别以酚醛树脂和煤沥青泡沫碳为原料,经水蒸气活化、研磨制得比表面积和粒径相近的活性碳粉.采用扫描电镜、BET吸附仪和恒流充放电测试仪对2种活性碳的结构进行了表征并研究了其充放电性能.结果表明,微孔的孔径分布对充放电性能有很大影响,提高比表面积的同时增大微孔的孔径,有利于提高活性碳电极的充放电容量和功率.     

具有不同孔结构的沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及维生素B12吸附性能？…

主要研究了３种具有不同孔结构的沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及ＶＢ１２的吸附性能,与ＢＥＴ比表面主孔结构进行了关联。结果表明,具有微孔结构的沥青基球状活性炭对小分子肌酐的吸附性能较好;具有中孔结构的沥青基球状活性炭对中分子物质ＶＢ１２具有较好的吸附性能;而中孔与微孔并存的沥青基球状活性炭对肌酐及ＶＢ１２都有较好的吸附性能。     

非苯乙烯型超高交联树脂的修饰及对酚类化合物的吸附

分别通过4,4'-二氯甲基联苯与1,4'-二氟甲基苯的傅克烷基化聚合和胺化反应,制得一类比表面积可达1138 m2/g的胺基吸附树脂新材料.研究表明,这类非苯乙烯型胺基树脂对苯酚、对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附容量分别可达140 mg/g和331 mg/g,明显优于国内外用于酚类吸附的AmberliteXAD-4、H103等吸附...     

苯酚在竹炭上的吸附平衡和动力学研究

研究了20℃下苯酚在3种竹炭上的吸附平衡和动力学。采用低温下氮气吸附法测定了3种竹炭的BET比表面积和孔径分布,并用SEM观察了其微观形貌。根据Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Freundli ch模型分别对吸附数据进行拟合,结果表明Freundli ch吸附等温线模型能较好的用来描述苯酚在竹炭上的吸附平衡,并确立了20℃下苯酚在竹炭上吸附的Freundlich模型表达式;竹炭的BET比表面积和中孔容积越大,饱和吸附量也越大;对同一种竹炭,随竹炭用量的增加,溶液中苯酚残余浓度就越低,而竹炭用量与达到饱和吸附的时间无关。     

Pore size distribution of E-glass fibers

Pore size analysis using gas adsorption data is usually limited to powders or porous materials which exhibit large internal surface area and negligible external surface area. Since packed glass fibers have considerable external area their pore analysis should take into account adsorption on the external surfaces as well as the adsorption on internal pore surfaces.In the present paper a pore analysis method for materials having high external to internal area ratios has been developed by modifying Brunauer's modelless method and applied to E-glass fiber/water adsorption data. Pore distributions obtained show that the BET C parameter is correlated with microporosity while tensile strength of the fibers is controlled by macroporosity.     

Facile synthesis of hypercrosslinked resins via chloromethylation and continuous condensation of simple aryl molecules

A sort of non-polystyrene type hypercrosslinked resin was firstly synthesized through chloromethylation of simple aryl molecules (benzene, toluene, naphthalene, diphenyl), succedent continuous Friedel-Crafts alkylation polymerization and post-crosslinking reaction. The chemical and porous structures of these novel resins were characterized with BET, FT-IR and elementary analysis, respectively. The results showed that these novel adsorptive materials possessing abundant crosslinked networks had high specific surface areas (up to 1191.26 m²/g), large pore volumes (0.2–1.4 ml/g), narrow pore size distributions (mainly in the range of micropores and small mesopores).     

树皮粉改性酚醛树脂的润湿性及其反应动力学

本文对苯酚液化落叶松树皮粉改性酚醛树脂(BPF)在秸秆表面的润湿性进行了研究,并与加入聚合异氰酸酯的BPF-PMDI以及传统的酚醛树脂(PF)进行对比分析。利用新润湿模型的K值常量量化了树脂在稻秸秆表面的渗透速率。通过动态DSC以及Kissinger等式对BPF的固化反应动力学进行研究。结果表明:秸秆表面无论是否处理,BPF的渗透速率常数K最大,其次为BPF-PMDI,最小为PF。BPF的固化反应活化能与文献报道的木材/苯酚/甲醛树脂的活化能接近,但比传统的酚醛树脂的活化能高,转化率为40%时固化反应程度达到最大。     

高比表面积PAN-ACF的吸附与孔结构解析

以KOH为活化剂制备了比表面积大于2000m^2/g的高比表面积PAN基活性炭毡（ACF）,以液氦为吸附介质在77．4K测试PAN－ACF吸附等温线,并对其孔结构进行了表征。采用BET法计算比表面积,t-plot法,Horvath-Kawazoe,Dubinin-Radushkevich方程以及密度函数理论（DFT0表征孔结构。研究表明即使比表面积超过3000m^2/g时,PAN－ACF的孔分布仍然很窄,并且含有大量的分子筛型孔,以金子克美等人提出多段吸附机理为依据,采用DR方程对PAN－ACF三段吸附过程所对应的E^0,x进行了计算。结果认为低压段的负偏离在一定程度上是由于吸附较强的微孔与表面官能团共同作用的结果,并非完全由于活化扩散引起,以上分析方法的表征结果具有较好的一致性,为PAN－ACF的吸附性能与孔结构提供了准确的信息。     

Application of an effective method in predicting breakthrough curves of fixed-bed adsorption onto resin adsorbent

Removal of many organic pollutants including phenolic compounds from industrial wastewater can always be achieved by fixed-bed adsorption onto the polymeric resin adsorbent, and the relevant breakthrough curves would provide much valuable information to help to design a fixed-bed adsorption process in field application. In the present study, a model developed based on the constant-pattern wave approach theory and the Freundlich model was adopted to describe the breakthrough curves of phenol and p-nitrophenol adsorption onto a macroreticular resin adsorbent NDA-100 from aqueous solution. Column experiments were performed at different conditions to verify the model and the results proved that the model would describe the breakthrough curves well. Effect of the operation parameters on breakthrough curves was also discussed to get helpful information in choosing the adsorption process.     

Development of glass-like carbon from phenol formaldehyde resins employing monohydric and dihydric phenols

A study on the development of glass-like carbon from phenol formaldehyde resins employing monohydric (simple) and dihydric phenols (resorcinol and catechol) has been made. It is revealed that to obtain a good glass-like carbon, the optimum molar ratio of formaldehyde to resorcinol in the resorcinol formaldehyde resin is 1.5, as was found earlier in the case of a simple phenol formaldehyde resin, whereas for catechol formaldehyde resin, the optimum molar ratio of formaldehyde to catechol is found to be 2.0. Further, it is observed that the three types of resins lead to glass-like carbons of essentially the similar characteristics, except that the catechol formaldehyde based carbons possess the highest strength of 326 M Pa. A mechanism has been proposed on the basis of three types of phenolic rings designated as attached, bridging and cross-linking, in the structure of the three cured phenol formaldehyde resins to explain the respective optimum molar ratio of formaldehyde to type of phenol.