一种能量高效的水下传感器网络路由协议

水下传感器网络的应用特点,使得高效利用网络节点能量、延长网络生存期成为水下传感器网络路由协议的一个显著特征。在目的节点序列距离矢量DSDV(Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector)路由协议和基于最小代价场路由协议的基础上,提出了一种延长网络寿命的路由算法。该协议通过均衡每个网络节点的能量消耗,来达到延长整个网络生存期的目的,并进行仿真论证,仿真结果表明提出的这个路由协议相对于DSDV,网络生存时间延长了大约10%。     

水下传感器网络拓扑研究

水下传感器网络是一种新型的水下通讯系统。不同于陆地传感器网络,由于受到水下环境和水声通讯等限制条件制约,水下节点的部署也更加复杂。合理的拓扑结构能有效延长网络生命周期、节约节点资源、降低通讯干扰,能够提高路由协议和MAC协议的效率,为数据融合、时间同步和目标定位提供支持。本文分析总结了现有的水下传感器网络拓扑控制策略和关键技术,针对水下传感器网络广泛应用的分簇策略进行了分析和研究。     

基于路由量的无线传感器网络路由协议

提出一种新颖的能量感知型无线传感器网络路由协议,并给出实现过程和仿真结果.从无线传感器网络实际的应用需求出发,综合WSN在能量高效、可扩展性、服务质量等方面的不同要求,基于重点关注节点路由量的策略,在对当前主流WSN路由协议深入研究的基础上设计出了基于路由量的动态WSN路由协议.仿真结果表明:设计的路由协议可以在传感器网络系统层面较好地改善能量消耗的有效性和均衡性,因而避免了网络中热点的过早出现,延长了整个网络的生存期.     

基于能耗均衡的水下传感器网络分簇路由算法

针对水下传感器网络能耗不均衡问题,提出一种能耗均衡的多跳非均匀分簇路由算法。算法在水下传感器网络非均匀分簇的基础上,通过改进节点簇头竞选的阈值计算方式,解决了网络后期簇头竞选阈值低导致的网络能耗激增;通过引入多跳路由选择公式,综合考虑节点剩余能量和链路能耗,延长网络生命周期。仿真表明,提出的算法生成簇头数目稳定,能耗较低,并且能有效延长水下传感器网络的生命周期。     

无线传感器网络能量感知路由研究

无线传感器网络是伴随着微机电系统技术、传感器技术、网络与无线通信等技术的飞速发展和日益成熟而发展起来的新一代通信网络，由于具有低成本、低功耗、体积小、自组网等特点，得到了人们的广泛重视。本文在分析研究现有无线传感器网络路由协议、特别是能量感知路由协议的基础上，为了获得更大的网络生命周期，提出了MEARBDF（Multipath Energy—Aware Routing Based on Delay Forwarding）协议，旨在解决当前能量感知路由协议中存在的洪泛效应与网络能量均衡消耗问题。     

基于信誉评测机制的WSN安全路由协议研究

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)路由协议存在的安全问题,考虑到WSN节点能量低、资源有限的缺陷,提出了一种新型的WSN安全路由协议——VH-GEAR协议。VH-GEAR协议在地理位置能量感知路由(GEAR)协议的基础上引入了纵向(vertocal,V)和横向(horizontal,H)分析相结合的WSN节点信誉评测模型来提高路由协议的安全性,同时通过改进路由协议的信誉更新机制来减小能耗。基于NS2的仿真实验表明,VH-GEAR路由协议能有效识别网络中的恶意节点,减小对合法节点的误判,降低网络能耗,从而加强了网络的安全性,延长了网络的生命周期,提高了网络的整体性能。     

一种基于AODV协议的无线传感器网络多路径路由改进方案

本文分析了AODV协议在静态无线传感器网络中的传输过程,针对单路径路由机制存在的中间节点路由延迟较大、负载集中而导致的网络节点能耗不均、数据传输效率低的问题,提出了一种针对AODV协议的改进方案。此改进方案在AODV协议中引入了多路径路由机制,同时在路径选择时考虑了节点剩余能量,从而在无线传感器网络数据传输中能避免热点,较好的解决断链问题,同时减少了原AODV路由查找的次数和延时,降低了路由开销。     

基于局部位置更新的无线传感器网络路由协议

提出了在具有移动基站的无线传感器网络中的一种新的路由协议,该协议在基站移动时只需要在一个小的区域内更新基站的位置信息,因此既节省了传感器节点的能量,又使基站在移动过程中仍可保持与传感器节点的持续通信.理论分析和模拟研究表明,与全局更新基站位置信息的路由协议相比,该协议降低了基站位置信息更新的代价,减少了无线信道的冲突概率,减少了延迟,可适用于对延迟要求较高的大规模无线传感器网络.     

基于节能的无线传感器网络跨层优化设计研究

无线传感器网络的特点决定了解决能量问题是WSN优化的关键。传统分层协议优化模式下层与层间信息难于共享,增加了通信开销以及信息冗余,没有充分利用网络资源。考虑到链路质量、剩余能量会在很大程度上影响路由方式,拓扑结构会影响信道的使用方式,本文在LEACH-L协议的基础上进行设计优化,提出一种基于跨层优化思想的分簇路由协议Leach-CLO。     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究综述

无线传感器网络不同于普通网络,分布式自组织性、动态拓扑性及资源有限性和应用相关性是其主要特点,所以对其路由协议有特殊的要求。本文对无线传感器网络路由协议进行分类,对几种路由协议进行分析比较,并指出其优缺点。     

低时延能耗均衡的水声传感器网络簇间路由算法

针对水声传感器网络的簇间路由选择问题,提出了一种基于前向网关的低时延能耗均衡路由算法,该算法采用最优方向角原则和能耗均衡原则选择中继簇头和中继网关,以减小长延迟和高能耗对水声通信的影响。仿真结果表明该算法在网络平均能耗、端到端时延和网络生命周期等方面具有较好的性能。     

Maximum Data Generation Rate Routing Protocol Based on Data Flow Controlling Technology for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks

For rechargeable wireless sensor networks, limited energy storage capacity, dynamic energy supply, low and dynamic duty cycles cause that it is unpractical to maintain a fixed routing path for packets delivery permanently from a source to destination in a distributed scenario. Therefore, before data delivery, a sensor has to update its waking schedule continuously and share them to its neighbors, which lead to high energy expenditure for reestablishing path links frequently and low efficiency of energy utilization for collecting packets. In this work, we propose the maximum data generation rate routing protocol based on data flow controlling technology. For a sensor, it does not share its waking schedule to its neighbors and cache any waking schedules of other sensors. Hence, the energy consumption for time synchronization, location information and waking schedule shared will be reduced significantly. The saving energy can be used for improving data collection rate. Simulation shows our scheme is efficient to improve packets generation rate in rechargeable wireless sensor networks.     

REEP: data-centric, energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Owing to the growing demand for low-cost 'networkable' sensors in conjunction with recent developments of micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) and radio frequency (RF) technology, new sensors come with advanced functionalities for processing and communication. Since these nodes are normally very small and powered with irreplaceable batteries, efficient use of energy is paramount and one of the most challenging tasks in designing wireless sensor networks (WSN). A new energy-aware WSN routing protocol, reliable and energy efficient protocol (REEP), which is proposed, makes sensor nodes establish more reliable and energy-efficient paths for data transmission. The performance of REEP has been evaluated under different scenarios, and has been found to be superior to the popular data-centric routing protocol, directed-diffusion (DD) (discussed by Intanagonwiwat et al. in `Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking? IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 2003, 11(1), pp. 2?16), used as the benchmark.     

一种改进的传感器网络分簇分层路由协议

在分析了无线传感器网络中传统的LEACH和LEACH-C路由协议基础上,结合MTE路由协议思想,提出了一种新的改进型分簇分层路由协议(improved clustering hierarchical routing protocol,ICH).文中簇首节点可以采用多跳方式传输数据包,且在选择中继节点时考虑节点剩余能量,对进入下一轮的条件进行了限制.实验表明,改进后的ICH协议的节点存活率比LEACH-C好.     

Energy-efficient directional routing between partitioned actors in wireless sensor and actor networks

Actor?actor communication is an important part of the functioning of wireless sensor?actor networks and enables the actor nodes to take coordinated action on a given event. Owing to various reasons such as actor mobility and low actor density, the actor network tends to get partitioned. The authors propose to use the underlying sensor nodes, which are more densely deployed, to heal these partitions. In order to maximise the utilisation of the limited energy available with the sensor nodes, a new routing protocol for actor?actor communication using directional antennas on the actor nodes is proposed. The authors contribution is threefold. First, using simulations they show that the problem of partitioning in the actor networks is significant and propose an architecture with directional antennas on actor nodes and sensor bridges to heal these partitions. Second, they identify the routing problem for this architecture based on a theoretical framework and propose centralised as well as distributed solutions to it. Third, they develop a routing protocol based on the distributed solution and show, using network simulations, that the proposed protocol not only heals the network partitions successfully, but also achieves high throughput and fairness across different flows, in addition to maximising the network lifetime.     

ECO-BAT: A New Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization Based on BAT Algorithm in WSN

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used due to its vast range of applications. The energy problem is one of the important problems influencing the complete application. Sensor nodes use very small batteries as a power source and replacing them is not an easy task. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must conserve their energy and extend the network lifetime as long as possible. Also, these limits motivate much of the research to suggest solutions in all layers of the protocol stack to save energy. So, energy management efficiency becomes a key requirement in WSN design. The efficiency of these networks is highly dependent on routing protocols directly affecting the network lifetime. Clustering is one of the most popular techniques preferred in routing operations. In this work we propose a novel energy-efficient protocol for WSN based on a bat algorithm called ECO-BAT (Energy Consumption Optimization with BAT algorithm for WSN) to prolong the network lifetime. We use an objective function that generates an optimal number of sensor clusters with cluster heads (CH) to minimize energy consumption. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Energy Efficient cluster formation in wireless sensor networks based on the Multi-Objective Bat algorithm (EEMOB) protocols. The results obtained are interesting in terms of energy-saving and prolongation of the network lifetime.     

水下无线传感器网络

水下无线传感器网络是一种包括声、磁场、静电场等的物理网络，它在海洋数据采集、污染预测、远洋开采、海洋监测等方面取得了广泛的应用，将在未来的海军作战中发挥重要的优势。描述了水下无线传感器网络的研究现状，给出了几种典型的水下无线传感器网络的体系结构，并针对水下应用的特点，分析了水下无线传感器网络设计中面临的节点定位、传感器网络能量、目标定位等诸多难题，最后根据应用需求提出了水下无线传感器网络研究的重点。     

Efficient Routing Protocol with Localization Based Priority & Congestion Control for UWSN

The nodes in the sensor network have a wide range of uses, particularly on under-sea links that are skilled for detecting, handling as well as management. The underwater wireless sensor networks support collecting pollution data, mine survey, oceanographic information collection, aided navigation, strategic surveillance, and collection of ocean samples using detectors that are submerged in water. Localization, congestion routing, and prioritizing the traffic is the major issue in an underwater sensor network. Our scheme differentiates the different types of traffic and gives every type of traffic its requirements which is considered regarding network resource. Minimization of localization error using the proposed angle-based forwarding scheme is explained in this paper. We choose the shortest path to the destination using the fitness function which is calculated based on fault ratio, dispatching of packets, power, and distance among the nodes. This work contemplates congestion conscious forwarding using hard stage and soft stage schemes which reduce the congestion by monitoring the status of the energy and buffer of the nodes and controlling the traffic. The study with the use of the ns3 simulator demonstrated that a given algorithm accomplishes superior performance for loss of packet, delay of latency, and power utilization than the existing algorithms.     

一种联合优化的水声通信网路由算法设计

针对传统的无线网络路由建立算法在水下小型网络中时延及能耗代价高的问题,提出了改进的DSDV(Destination Sequenced Distance Vector)路由过程,并在此基础上设计出与拓扑结构、MAC层联合优化的算法。该算法建立了以改进的DSDV路由建立时间、能耗及路由信息的完整性为代价函数,以MAC层的包长度、包间隔、拓扑结构中的点和边数等为矢量参数的数学模型,并结合无向图的广度优先搜索算法及最短路径算法,提出了在上述矢量参数条件下代价函数的最优化设计,形成一套适用于小规模区域性观测应用背景的水声通信网的路由建立方法。仿真结果表明,在相同的物理层条件下,联合优化的算法与未优化的DSDV相比,在相同的时间内建立完整的全网路由的概率最大可提高30%。