利用机械通风改善住宅室内的空气品质

目前国内大多数民用住宅室内空气品质差，通风换气效率低。单靠自然通风往往不能满足人们对室内空气品质的要求。因此，采用有组织的机械通风来维持室内的空气品质就显得越来越必要。     

测量住宅室内空气品质的新方法

分析了现在的测量方法在实际操作中存在的问题，根据民用建筑的特点和相关规定，认为在住宅中可以合理简化测量的空气污染物，利用化学污染物对数评价指标来测定居民建筑室内空气品质。该方法简单，且能综合主、客观评价住宅室内空气结果。     

新装修住宅室内微污染物的测试与分析

随着人们的生活质量的提高,室内空气品质成为人们关注的热点,为把握目前新装修住宅室内空气污染现状,提高室内空气质量,提供构筑室内空气微污染物对策的基础依据,对某市新装修住宅室内空气进行了实地测试.根据某市20户新装修住宅室内微污染物种类及浓度现场测试和问卷调查结果,分析了新装修住宅室内污染物的状况,研究了影响微污染物浓度高低的主要因素.     

2007年成都新装修住宅空气质量检测结果分析

为了掌握影响新装修住宅空气质量水平的主要因素,更加科学合理地预防和控制室内空气污染带来的疾病和危害,对2007年度成都市200余户新装修住宅的室内空气进行了检测,并按照不同季节、房间类型、通风时间进行了详细地比较和分析.结果表明:温度、装修复杂程度及材料优劣、通风时间等是影响室内空气质量的主要因素.正确认识上述因素的影响将为预防室内空气污染危害发挥积极作用.     

通风策略对室内空气品质的影响

讨论了通风对空气品质的影响，包括：室内污染物及潜在化学反应再生物、送风量及室外污染物、室内气流组织特性、通风系统的清洗与维护等；提出了改善室内空气品质的通风策略的4个建议：CFD方法的应用、低温送风、需求控制通风以及个体化通风。     

办公楼的室内空气品质与通风

本文介绍了办公楼的室内空气污染途径及控制方法：从设计、安装、运行、维护几个方面讨论办公楼的通风系统对室内空气品质的影响和解决方法;最后叙述了世界通风标准的发展。     

现代住宅空调及通风系统设计

本文介绍了某住宅空调及通风系统设计,住宅建筑中设置独立机械通风系统有利于改善室内空气品质,并通过对投资及运行费用的分析,认为该通风方式完全可以推广应用.     

浅析地铁车站室内空气品质

由于地铁车站内站厅与站台属于封闭的建筑结构,尤其是站台大部分为地下二层,地铁车站密闭度增加,新风量进入困难,使室内空气污染物不容易扩散,增加了室内人群与污染物的接触机会,站内空气品质更是下降,成为影响公众健康的隐患。本文就这问题简述了地铁车站空气品质的重要性,分析了影响室内空气品质并给出空气品质评价标准,提出改善车站室内空气品质的技术措施。     

基于灰色聚类分析方法的某高校建筑物室内空气品质评价

为了准确客观地评价室内空气品质,对桂林市某高校的几栋典型建筑物的7种主要污染物进行实验测试。利用灰色聚类分析方法对测试的室内空气品质进行评价;建立空气品质的评价模型。通过对实验测试数据的分析与计算,得出各测试对象的舒适性程度,实现对所测对象空气质量的评价,并提出改善室内空气品质的主要措施。     

浅谈国内室内环境污染物检测标准的差异

本文主要论述了GB 50325<民用建筑室内环境污染控制规范>和GB/T18883<室内空气质量标准>两个室标准在适用范围、环境要素、污染物限量及取样测量、污染物分析方法、强制性程度等方面存在的差异,以便大家更好地理解、掌握、使用内环境污染物检测标准.     

A combination study of indoor radon and in situ gamma spectrometry measurements in Greek dwellings

The aim of the present study was to investigate of a possible correlation between indoor radon and indoor gamma dose rates deduced by in situ gamma spectrometry measurements by using a portable HPGe detector. Indoor radon and high resolution in situ gamma spectrometry measurements were performed in 60 apartments in Thessaloniki, the second largest city of Greece. Geometric mean radon concentration is 52 Bq m(-3). The mean total absorbed dose rate in air due to gamma radiation is 56 +/- 9 nGy h(-1). The contribution of the different radionuclides to the total indoor gamma dose rate in air is 41% due to 40K, 36% due to the thorium series and 23% due to the uranium series. No correlation was found between indoor gamma dose rate due to the uranium series and indoor radon for ground and first floor apartments. For upper floor apartments (above the second floor) a weak correlation is observed. The mean annual effective dose due to radon is 1.15 mSv, i.e., more than four times higher compared to the effective dose due to gamma radiation (0.27 mSv).     

负离子空气净化灯对室内空气中甲醛的治理作用

为有效解决室内空气中甲醛治理问题,采用模拟室内环境污染状况,通过负离子空气净化灯在开灯前后室内空气中甲醛含量变化的实验方法进行论证,得出负离子空气净化灯在开灯后,能产生大量的负氧离子,对净化空气质量,特别是降低空气中的甲醛含量,有较好的治理效果,对改善人类生活环境有积极的作用。     

Experimental study of sensible heat recovery of heat pump during heating and ventilation

Indoor space requires heating, cooling and ventilating for maintaining human occupant space to a comfortable level. Heat pump system is now widely used since it has the capabilities of providing both cooling and heating with a single unit. Ventilation, which exhausts the contaminated indoor air and brings in the fresh outdoor air is essential for maintaining pleasant indoor air quality. Ventilation, however, causes energy loss since air-conditioning is necessary to change the state of outdoor air to that of indoor. When outdoor air is introduced into the interior space, it must be cooled or heated to bring it to the indoor space condition. In this work, three methods of recovering sensible heat during heating and ventilation process of heat pump have been studied experimentally. Those methods are by a separate sensible heat exchanger, introduction of indoor air to the evaporator (single heat recovery), and finally a combination of fore-mentioned two methods (double heat recovery). An air-source heat pump system with none, single and double heat recovery capabilities has been built and tested in two constant-temperature and constant-humidity thermal chambers that simulate the indoor and outdoor environments. From the experiment performed under standard heating condition with a ventilation ratio of 23.1%, coefficient of performance for none, sensible heat exchanger, single and double heat recoveries were 2.88, 3.20, 3.18 and 3.28, respectively. Double heat recovery heat pump that has the ventilation and double heat recovery functions integrated into a single unit showed the best COP performance.     

用CFD方法指导通风空调设计

本文给出了计算通风空调房间温度、速度分布所需的微分方程,湍流部分采用新的零方程模型,根椐SIMPLE算法开发出计算通风空调房间风速、温度分布的软件STACH-3.在利用文献中的实验资料验证该软件的基础上,对一个置换通风的例子,利用该软件预测房间内的温度场、速度场,从而指导通风空调的工程设计.     

A numerical method to determine the steady state distribution of passive contaminant in generic ventilation systems

Ventilation system with air recirculation is designed to conserve energy, yet at the same time may result in transporting hazardous substance among different rooms in the same building, which is a concern in indoor air quality control. There is a lack of effective methods to predict indoor contaminant distribution primarily because of uncertainty of the contaminant concentration in supply air which in turn due to the mixing ratio of fresh and recirculation air. In this paper, a versatile numerical method to determine the pollutant distribution of ventilation system with recirculation at steady state is proposed based on typical ventilation systems with accessibility of supply air (ASA) and accessibility of contaminant source (ACS). The relationship is established between contaminant concentrations of supply air and return air in a ventilated room or zone. The concentrations of supply air and contaminant distribution in each room can be determined using such parameters as ASA and ACS. The proposed method is validated by both experimental data and numerical simulation result. The computing speed of the proposed method is compared with the iteration method. The comparisons between the proposed method and the lumped parameter model are also conducted. The advantages of the proposed method in terms of accuracy, speed and versatility make it advantageous to be applied in air quality control of complex ventilation systems with recirculation.     

Particle deposition in indoor environments: analysis of influencing factors

In this paper, several factors influencing particle deposition in indoor environments are analyzed with an analytical model and a three-dimensional drift flux model combined with the particle deposition boundary conditions for wall surfaces. The influences of flow conditions near the wall surfaces, surface roughness and particle concentration distribution on particle deposition indoors are studied. By modeling particle deposition onto surfaces with the analytical model, it is found that larger friction velocity near the wall surfaces and rougher surface may lead to larger particle deposition velocity when the particle size is small, but when particle size is large enough (the range is up to the actual friction velocity and in this study it is about 1-5 microm), the influence of the friction velocity and roughness could be neglected. Furthermore, the three-dimensional numerical simulations indicate that particle concentration distribution may be very different even for the same particle source and air change rate, which cause a different deposited particle flux. As the particle concentration distribution may not be uniform in most cases, especially for the ventilated rooms, it is important to incorporate particle concentration distribution when analyzing particle deposition in indoor environments. Some suggestions or rules for particle deposition controlling are also presented based on the analysis.     

全热交换器和冰蓄冷解决超市室内空气污染问题的探讨

分析了超市室内主要的空气污染物和产生污染的主要原因；就采用全热交换器和冰蓄冷技术以改善超市室内空气品质进行分析和探讨；结合实际情况对改善公共场所的室内空气品质提出了建议以及个人在公共场所需要注意的事项。     

Cooling Performance and Indoor Air Quality Characteristics of an Earth Air Tunnel Cooled Building

Most of the modern air-conditioned buildings have a low fresh air supply to reduce energy consumption. This results in a poor indoor air quality (IAQ) and a 30–200% higher sick building syndrome than that of a naturally ventilated building. Alternatively, energy-efficient and eco-friendly earth air tunnel system (EATS) provides a good IAQ because of the sufficient fresh air supply. This paper presents the cooling performance and IAQ characteristics of a sparsely occupied building supported with an EATS. The building was monitored for the concentration of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO), temperature distribution and relative humidity (RH) in September and October 2012. The average PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ concentrations were 6.77, 6.11 and 3.17 μg/m³ respectively when the EATS was operated. These are marginally higher compared to that when the EATS was not operated. The average indoor CO₂ level, air temperature and RH were 418 ppm, 26.5 °C and 58.2% respectively when the EATS was operated. The diurnal indoor CO₂ trend relates well with photosynthetic and anthropogenic activities in and around the building. The CO₂ and PM concentrations correlate well with indoor air temperature and RH with a time lag.     

马鞍山市大型超市室内空气品质研究

以马鞍山市天润发超市为研究对象,分三个时间段对温度、相对湿度、风速、CO2、甲醛、菌落数等参数进行了现场测试,并对顾客和工作人员分别进行了问卷调查。测试结果表明：热舒适性指标PMV-PPD值超出了ISO7730的推荐值;CO2和菌落数的超标率和超标强度为晚上最大、下午次之、早上最小;问卷结果表明,超市空气品质的不满意率较高,但光环境和声环境的满意率较高。