镍基单晶高温合金热机疲劳断裂特征

为了进一步提高镍基单晶高温合金的热机疲劳性能,通过微观结构解析研究了合金热机疲劳断裂特征.通过金相和扫描电子显微镜研究了热机疲劳断裂的断口特征和微观结构.研究表明:裂纹起源于形变孪晶与试样外表面的交截处,过程中的氧化有助于裂纹的长大;裂纹尖端的应力场诱发出大量形变孪晶,而形变孪晶的存在为裂纹进一步沿着孪晶界扩展提供了便利条件;镍基单晶高温合金的疲劳断裂主要是由于形变孪晶的形成以及裂纹沿孪晶界的扩展造成的.形变孪晶与高温合金疲劳断裂密切相关.     

GH4169集合器超塑成形有限元分析及预成形研究

为了成功超塑成形GH4169高温合金集合器并降低研制成本,采用有限元分析对GH4169合金集合器超塑成形过程进行了数值模拟,并采用拉深成形工艺对集合器超塑成形所需的预成形进行了研究.结果表明:超塑成形需筒形预成形件,且聚料工步是超塑成形出满足设计要求的零件所必需的一道工序;成功地拉深出集合器超塑成形预成形件;合金经预拉深成形后,在超塑成形温度(950℃)下保温30 min后仍是ASTM 10级以上的细晶组织,能够满足超塑成形所需的细晶组织的要求.     

固溶处理对GH4169G合金蠕变的影响

研究了固溶处理温度对GH4169G合金晶粒组织、晶界析出和蠕变的影响。结果表明,随着固溶处理温度的提高(由980℃提高到1020℃)GH4169G合金的晶粒尺寸明显增大,晶界d相的尺寸和数量明显减少,晶内g″相的析出变化不大;合金的650℃/700 MPa稳态蠕变速率明显降低,表观蠕变激活能明显增大,蠕变断裂寿命显著延长。固溶处理温度对680℃/725 MPa的蠕变性能有相同的影响趋势,但其程度减弱。孪晶的形成是GH4169G合金的重要蠕变机制。提高固溶处理温度使晶界d相的析出减少,晶界滑动蠕变速率降低;同时使晶粒度增大,形成孪晶的阻力增大,晶粒蠕变速率降低。     

Sn对时效态ZM61镁合金高温力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温拉伸对时效态ZM61-xSn(x=0,6,8,10,质量分数/%,下同)合金的高温拉伸性能及断裂机制进行了研究。结果表明:ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金的物相由α-Mg,α-Mn,MgZn2,Mg2Sn相组成。添加Sn元素可有效细化ZM61合金组织,提高合金高温强度,但降低合金塑性。ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金在300℃下拉伸的抗拉强度分别为149,140,145MPa,较相同温度下拉伸的ZM61合金的抗拉强度分别提高了26%,17%,23%。ZM61-xSn(x=0,6,8,10)合金在300℃下拉伸的伸长率分别为39.95%,5.65%,7.01%和6.33%。拉伸温度对ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金的断裂机制产生显著影响。当拉伸温度低于220℃,合金为穿晶断裂;高于220℃时,合金变为沿晶断裂。     

显微组织对TA15合金高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了显微组织变化对TA15合金500℃高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:初生α相含量增加、α相方向性增强、次生α片变厚及β晶粒尺寸变粗大等显微组织的变化,可使TA15合金500℃高温抗拉强度降低,最大降幅达90MPa以上。研究表明,随初生α相含量增加,增多了晶界数量,而随温度升高晶界强度比晶粒强度下降快,导致高温抗拉强度随初生α相含量增加而降低。     

铸态Ti40阻燃钛合金高温拉伸力学性能及断裂行为研究

研究了不同试验温度下铸态Ti40合金的高温拉伸力学性能变化规律,并采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对拉伸样断口形貌进行观测,确定其断裂机制。结果表明:合金的抗拉强度随着试验温度的升高而显著下降,而塑性则分别表现出两个塑性较优区和脆性区,即400℃以下低温和900~1000℃高温的较好塑性区以及500~800℃的热脆区和1000℃以上的高温脆性区。脆性区试样断口形貌均呈现为沿晶脆性断裂,这一断裂机制与合金粗大晶粒以及严重的氧化相关。高温塑性区断口形貌为穿晶韧性断裂,则合金具有较高的塑性和较低的变形抗力,可作为较好的热加工温度区间。     

超硬铝LC9合金的超塑性研究

微细晶粒超硬铝LC9合金在470～530℃温度范围内,速率为8.33×10~(-4)～1.66×10~(-2)s~(-1)条件下拉伸呈显出良好的超塑性。在最佳超塑性条件下(T=515℃,ε=1.66×10~(-3)s~(-1))获得延伸率δ=1300％、流变应力δ=1.7MN/M~2应变速率敏感性指数m=0.66 金相和电镜观察表明,在超塑流变过程中,除发生晶界滑动,扩散蠕变外,还发生明显的动态再结晶以及晶内结晶学滑移,晶内位错密度随变形量增大而增加。扩散蠕变导致在横向晶界上形成新的条带区,出现晶界迁移和无沉淀区,同时存在晶内和晶界扩散。空洞在三角晶界处萌生,沿横向晶界方向的扩展连结,导致突然断裂。     

热等静压/热处理工艺对激光选区熔化成形GH4169合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备GH4169合金,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析热等静压/热处理工艺对SLM成形GH4169合金微观组织及拉伸性能的影响规律.结果表明:沉积态合金组织中,沿沉积方向的晶粒为柱状晶,晶粒内枝晶组织细小,枝晶间分布大量Laves相;经热等静压后,合金中的气孔及Laves相可被有效消除,沿沉积方向的晶粒转变为等轴晶;经980℃/1 h固溶处理后,合金中的晶界处析出大量短棒状δ相.热等静压/热处理后G H4169合金试样的室温及650℃拉伸性能均高于锻件标准要求的力学性能指标,且温度对断裂方式影响不大.     

超细晶化对高温合金GH4169性能的影响

为了研究超细晶化对高温合金GH4169机械性能的影响。对超细晶GH4169合金与普通GH4169合金在室温，高温的力学性能及较低应变速率下，950℃时的超塑拉伸性能进行了对比。结果表明：超细晶GH4169合金相对于普通GH4169合金其室温强度有所提高；超细晶GH4169合金在950℃有很好的超塑性，相对于普通GH4169合金其流动应力大大降低，可用于超塑成形。     

Y 对8090Al-Li 合金拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响

研究了两种不同 Y 含量对8090Al-Li 合金拉伸性能及断裂行为的影响。实验表明:加入0.1wt-%Y 可在不降低强度的情况下提高合金的塑性,加入0.5wt-%Y 可在不降低塑性的情况下提高合金的强度。在峰值时效条件下,不加 Y 的合金断裂为穿晶韧窝型和沿晶塑性混合方式,并伴有沿晶二次裂纹,加0.1%Y 不改变合金断裂模式,但使沿晶成分减少;加0.5%Y 合金则发生快速剪切断裂。本文从晶粒结构角度对断裂行为提出了解释。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

SAC Delegation Visits AENOR and Signs Cooperation Agreements

正SAC Administrator Tian Shihong led the Chinese delegation to visit the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification(AENOR)on September 15,2014.Mrs.Begona Cristeto,the Vice-Minister of Industry,Energy and Tourism of Spain,and Mr.Avelino Brito,the President and CEO of AENOR greeted the delegation.The two sides had a deep and friendly discussion on strengthening the cooperation between China and Spain in the standardization field and promoting the standardization work to support the development of economy and trade in the two countries.