镍基高温合金脱氮工艺的研究

研究了真空感应熔炼镍基高温合金过程中的脱氮工艺并初步分析了镍基高温合金中钛对氮的相互作用,近似地计算出其相互作用系数.在现有的条件下,本研究的目的是获得实验数据以此来分析氮的含量并计算出钛对氮的相互作用系数,从而确定最佳的脱氮工艺.     

外加碳源对SBR法处理啤酒废水的影响

本试验以啤酒废水为试验对象，通过投加不同种类及不同浓度的外加碳源来研究其对SBR法脱氮除磷效果的影响。试验结果表明外加碳源能大大提高SBR法对氮、磷的去除率。而且啤酒废水与甲醇和葡萄糖相比可使总氮去除率稳定提高，对总磷也有最佳的去除效果。同时啤酒废水来源广泛、价格低廉，因此是外加碳源的最佳选择。     

镍基高温合金中钛对氮相互作用系数e_N~(Ti)和活度系数f_N的计算

研究了Ni/N/Ti系合金的真空感应熔炼过程,通过分析氮含量的变化,计算了镍基高温合金中钛对氮的相互作用系数值为-0.38,氮的活度系数为0.174,氮的溶解度为0.0003%。     

切割线用钢的真空感应熔炼工艺试验

为防止拉拔过程断丝,割线用钢要求对其材料中的夹杂物、残余铝含量和氧含量严格控制,通过试验,文中提供了一种高碳低铝低氧的切割线用钢的真空感应熔炼工艺,使用有氧化铝材质坩埚的真空感应熔炼炉进行熔炼,通过工艺中的设备参数、原材料控制、加料顺序、不同熔炼阶段的温度控制和炉内氛围控制等措施,熔炼浇铸后钢中铝含量和氧含量达到国外进口产品水平,氮含量则明显低于国外同类进口产品。     

一种新牌号Ni基高温合金的超纯净熔炼

研究了在真空感应炉中采用CaO坩埚熔炼一种新牌号Ni基高温合金的效果，结果表明，采用CaO坩蜗熔炼，当熔化期为25min时，O，N的脱除率分别为52％和5％，加入适量的C有利于O，N的去除，加入02％C比没加C时O，N可分别多脱除36％和60％，高温高真空下单纯使用CaO坩埚而无碱性渣不能脱S，加入0．5％Al后经．50min精炼可脱除35％的S。     

真空炼钢条件下的脱气动力学计算

通过数学物理模型的建立，采用数值计算法，计算了真空炼钢条件下，通过产生的ＣＯ气泡脱氮的动力学规律，找出了不同深度产生的ＣＯ气泡脱氮的不平衡参数和脱氮数量与熔池深度的关系。     

A/O脱氮工艺中外碳源投加控制器的建立与研究

反硝化需要以有机碳源为电子供体,当污水厂进水COD／TN较低时将会抑制反硝化反应的顺利进行,为了提高脱氮效率,需外投碳源。为了有效控制外碳源投加量,本文根据活性污泥数学模型建立了外碳源投加前馈—反馈控制器,确定维持缺氧区末端硝酸氮浓度为1mg／L时,能实现以尽可能少的外碳源投量大大降低出水硝酸氮和总氮浓度的目的。模拟表明该控制器抗冲击负荷能力强,响应快,易于在线控制,可显著提高污水厂脱氮效率。     

城市污水脱氮除磷生物处理技术

本文系统地概述了城市污水脱氮除磷的机理,介绍了脱氮除磷的生物处理方法,并重点分析了城市污水生物脱氮除磷的成熟工艺及近几年的新工艺,同时对今后生物脱氮除磷技术的发展进行了展望。     

钒合金真空精炼过程杂质元素去除研究

核能用钒合金要求纯净度极高,一般都要进行真空熔炼去杂质,但目前对钒合金真空熔炼去杂质的条件和机制还不很清楚。为此,本文对钒合金真空熔炼过程杂质元素的去除机制和热力学条件进行了较全面的理论计算和实验数据对比分析,结果表明:钒合金真空熔炼过程中,Al、Fe、Cr、Cu、Ni、Si、Ca、Ti等金属杂质元素都能以金属蒸汽的形式挥发去除;合金中的氧能够以碳氧化物或低价金属氧化物VO(g)、AlO(g)、Al_2O(g)、TiO(g)、SiO(g))形式除去;合金中氢的除去效果也比较好,但合金中的氮则基本不能通过真空熔炼除去。     

浅谈脱氮新工艺

传统的生物脱氮工艺存在着工艺流程长,脱氮效率低,占地大,成本高等缺点。随着新型脱氮技术的不断发展,突破了传统脱氮工艺的局限,涌现了一批新型脱氮工艺。本文综述短程硝化(SND),厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX),好氧反硝化(aerobic denitrification)等目前热点研究的脱氮新工艺,阐述了脱氮原理,影响因素,工艺特点,并与传统脱氮工艺进行对比。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.