TiO2-SiO2复合半导体气凝胶制备及光催化活性研究

ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合半导体气交是一种新型纳米光催化氧化剂。本文以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶－凝胶法经超临界干燥制备出了ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合半导体气凝胶。研究了ＴｉＯ２：ＳｉＯ２不同配比对溶胶－凝胶过程的影响;用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ等测试方法对其结构进行了表征;以苯酚为探针考察了ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合半导体气凝胶的光催化氧化活性,并与普通锐钛矿型钛白粉光催化剂进行了对比结果表明     

铁、铬离子掺杂对TiO_2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法在釉面砖表面制备了均匀的ＴｉＯ２薄膜,并研究了铁、铬离子掺杂对ＴｉＯ２光催化性能影响．对罗丹明Ｂ的光降解实验表明,适量的铁、铬离子掺杂均可提高ＴｉＯ２薄膜的光催化活性,铁离子的掺杂效果明显高于铬离子,而铬离子的掺杂方式影响ＴｉＯ２薄膜的光催化活性,这主要基于它们不同的掺杂机理     

Y^3＋掺杂TiO2复合粒子的光催化活性研究

以钛酸丁酯和氧化钇为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法研究了Ｙ＾３＋掺杂对ＴｉＯ２光催化活性的影响,通过红外光谱（ＩＲ）分析了ＴｉＯ２复合粒子的结构,结果表明：Ｙ＾３＋掺杂能够显著提高ＴｉＯ２粒子的光催化活性,当掺杂比为１００∶１．５（Ｙ＾３＋外加１．５％）时光催化活性最高,分析了Ｙ＾３＋掺杂ＴｉＯ２粒子光催化活性提高的原因。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究与发展

光催化降解水中有机污染物是一项新兴的颇有发展前任的废水处理技术,纳米Ｔｉｏ２因其活性高,稳定性好而在该领域广泛被用作光催化剂。本文系统介绍了纳米ＴｉＯ２的制备,光催化降解水中有机污染物的机理,动力学规律及其研究现状和发展方向。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备TiO2／Pt／glass纳米薄膜及其光电催化性能

本文采用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法制备了ＴｉＯ２／Ｐｔ／ｇｌａｓｓ纳米光催化薄膜，并进行了结构和乐电催化性能的测试。薄膜对染料溶液的光电催化降解结果表明，当输入正向偏压后，ＴｉＯ２／Ｐｔ／ｇｌａｓｓ薄膜的光催化性能有一定提高，且随着偏压增大而增强。同时，薄膜的中间层Ｐｔ及光源强度对薄膜的光电催化活性也有较大影响。     

纳米TiO2粉体的制备及应用进展

纳米ＴｉＯ２粉体在催化、功能陶瓷、化妆品、化纤及环境工程等领域具有广阔和潜在的应用。本文根据国内外研究者的报道及作者近期对纳米ＴｉＯ２的制备研究,介绍了纳米ＴｉＯ２的合成及应用。     

纳米 TiO2的高分子"锚定位"包覆

通过多组分溶液的原位合成方法,成功地制备了ＴｉＯ２／聚苯乙烯－马来酸酐（ＰＳＭＡ）纳米复合材料．红外普图（ＩＲ）分析了这种材料的化学构成,证明纳米ＴｉＯ２与高分子是以共价键的形式存在．随着反应条件的改变,透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察到了纳米ＴｉＯ２在复合物中有规律的形貌变化．综合实验结果,提出高分子“锚定位”包覆的作用模型,形象地说明了这种材料以三维网络、纳米晶ＴｉＯ２微相分离的形式存在,同时ＴｉＯ２颗粒的团聚几率在相当大程度上得以降低．结合Ｘ射线衍射,还确定出了复合物中纳米ＴｉＯ２的锐钛矿型结构．     

纳米级ZnO—TiO2复合粉体的制备及其性能表征

利用ＺｎＳＯ４和Ｔｉ（ＳＯ４）２为原料,在合成纳米ＴｉＯ２粉体的基础上,将ＴｉＯ２微粉分散在（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３溶液中,进一步将ＺｎＣＯ３的形成沉淀出来,于３００℃煅烧２ｈ,即可制得纳米级ＺｎＯ－ＴｉＯ２复合粉体,其粒径约３０－９５ｎｍ。     

硬脂酸法制备纳米TiO_2及微结构控制

采用硬脂酸法制备了不同掺杂量的ＴｉＯ２纳米晶．通过ＦＴＩＲ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等实验手段对所得纳米ＴｉＯ２进行分析和表征,并对反应历程进行了初步探讨．实验结果表明,利用硬脂酸法,金红石型ＴｉＯ２能在５００℃获得,掺杂Ｎａ＋和Ｋ＋后则得到锐钛矿型ＴｉＯ２,且随着掺杂量的增加,ＴｉＯ２的粒径减小．     

TiCI4高温气相氧化合成纳米二氧化钛颗粒的研究Ⅱ.颗粒晶型结构控制

在高温气相反应器中,利用ＴｉＣＩ４氧化反应制备纳米ＴｉＯ２颗粒,分析了ＴｉＯ２颗粒化学组成,研究了操作参数对ＴｉＯ２晶型结构的影响。结果表明,ＴｉＯ２颗粒中金红石相含量随反应温度变化出现最大值,并随停留时间延长而增大;加入ＡＩＣＩ３能增加ＴｉＯ２表面的氧空位,促使锐钛相向金红石相转化,使金红石相含量较未掺铝时大幅度提高,当反应温度１１００℃、进料中ＡＩＣＩ３和ＴｉＣＩ４摩尔比为０．２５、停留时间１．７３ｓ,可得到纯金红石相纳米ＴｉＯ２颗粒。     

环保型TiO2薄膜玻璃性能的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了TiO2薄膜和掺杂铈或镧TiO2薄膜，利用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）、紫外－可见分光光度计、扫描电镜（SEM）等测试手段，研究了不同气氛条件下热处理的TiO2薄膜对油酸光催化降解的影响，TiO2薄膜中掺杂稀土铈或稀土镧对油酸光催化降解的影响，薄膜内TiO2晶粒的分布及形态，薄膜表面化学稳定性等。结果表明空气气氛下处理的TiO2薄膜光催化效率最高。掺杂铈或镧有利于提高TiO2薄膜的光催化降解效率，涂层有利于提高玻璃的化学稳定性，但提高的程度不一。     

铝镁合金熔炼中气体保护法的动力学研究

在铝镁合金熔炼过程中,因为镁的化学性质活泼,导致合金的氧化、烧损现象十分严重,不仅降低了合金中镁的收得率,而且造成了巨大的经济损失.为了达到阻燃目的,国内经常采用熔剂法,而目前在国外用的较多的则是气体保护法.本实验对气体保护法进行了研究,建立了相应的动力学曲线规律,并对温度因素的影响进行了探讨,所得实验结论对生产实践具有一定的指导作用.     

基于并联机构及MR阻尼器的多维减振平台半主动控制研究

分析了磁流变阻尼器的力学特性,将其应用于多维减振系统中。采用经典的三平移并联机构作为多维减振平台的主体机构,推导出其位置逆解公式;建立了系统动力学状态方程模型,以运动学方程得到的支路加速度作为输入信号,控制器采用了基于线性二次型最优控制理论的半主动控制算法。考虑到动态过程中机构动力学方程的复杂性,采用稳态方法对并联机构处于某一运动姿态的支路移动副振动进行控制,从而控制了整个平台的振动。仿真结果表明,所采取的控制算法有较好的控制效果。     

Brain tumor detection and diagnosis using ANFIS classifier

In this article, the segmented brain tumor region is diagnosed into mild, moderate, and severe case based on the presence of tumor cells in the brain components such as Gray Matter (GM), White Matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The modified spatial fuzzy c mean algorithm is used to segment brain tissues. The feature Local binary pattern is extracted from segmented tissues, which is trained and classified by ANFIS Classifier. The performance of the proposed brain tissues segmentation system is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with respect to manually segmented ground truth images. The severity of brain tumor is diagnosed into mild case if the segmented brain tumor is present in the grey matter. The severity of brain tumor is diagnosed into moderate case if the segmented brain tumor is present in the WM. The severity of brain tumor is diagnosed into severe case if the segmented brain tumor is present in the CSF region. The immediate surgery is required for severe case and medical treatment is preferred for mild and moderate case.     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)鳃氯细胞的超微形态研究

利用透射电子显微镜研究了太平洋牡蛎鳃氯细胞的超微结构。氯细胞主要分布于鳃小叶的基部,呈口袋状,细胞个体较大,在鳃表面有一凹隐的分泌腔。细胞中,细胞核多位于基部,体积较小;具有发达的微细小管系统,但小管的分支程度低;线粒体数量较少且结构不够发达;可见少量的高尔基体,未见内质网。鳃氯细胞是太平洋牡蛎鳃渗透压调节的重要细胞系统。     

Influence of vanadium on grain boundary segregation of phosphorus in iron and iron-carbon alloys

The influence of vanadium on grain boundary segregation of phosphorus has been studied in iron and iron-carbon alloys by means of fracture experiments in a scanning Auger microprobe. The emphasis here is to study the effects of vanadium on the interaction processes operative under circumstances when structure in the interior of the grain (in the present case carbide formation) and grain boundary segregation form simultaneously. It is emphasized that to predict and analyse the behaviour of an alloy, it is important to consider atomic interactions both at the grain boundaries and in the grain interior and that between the constituents and the grain boundaries. The study suggests that the principal determining factor in the scavenging or retardation of migration of phosphorus to the grain boundaries is whether vanadium is present in the combined form (say, carbide) or is available in solid solution form. When vanadium is present in solid solution form, grain boundary segregation of phosphorus is low because of the chemical interaction of vanadium and phosphorus. However, as carbon is increasingly introduced in the alloy, vanadium now preferentially reacts with carbon in view of higher interaction for carbon as compared to phosphorus. A consequence of this is the increase in the grain boundary concentration of phosphorus. In such a situation the presence of excess carbon in addition to what is stoichiometrically required to precipitate the entire vanadium as vanadium carbides, serves as a palliative with regard to the reduction in the intergranular concentration of phosphorus. This palliative behaviour is explained in terms of the sitecompetition model. An effort is also made to examine the behaviour of segregating elements in terms of whole range of probable interactions (both at the grain boundaries and in the grain interior) and chemical interaction energies.     

微合金钢的研究现状及发展趋势

微合金钢是近年来迅速发展起来的具有高性能的钢材品种之一,被广泛用于各个工业部门,是现代钢铁工业中的主力产品.简要介绍了微合金钢的属性,综述了国外微合金钢的研究现状,着重讨论了国内微合金钢的研究现状,总结了宝钢、鞍钢、攀钢和国内科研机构微合金钢的发展现状,并论述了国内外微合金钢未来的发展趋势.     

基于多尺度融合方法的无人机对地车辆目标检测算法研究

由于飞行高度等原因,无人机图像在实际使用中目标尺寸普遍较小、特征信息不明显,使用现有的算法对其进行目标检测存在困难。因此,提出了基于多尺度融合的图像多目标检测方法,使用Faster R-CNN为基础框架,将不同层次的特征信息进行融合,再结合上下文信息,实现了对无人机图像小目标检测。使用VisDrone2019数据集对地面车辆进行目标检查,实验证明:无人机对地面车辆目标的检测达到了较好的结果,所使用算法的精度达到88%,与其它算法相比提升了3.8%以上。     

A fuzzy logic-controlled thermal process for simultaneous pasteurization and cooking of soft-boiled eggs

A fuzzy logic-based design of control for a unique thermal process in the food industry is presented. Products of the thermal process are pasteurized soft-boiled eggs. The function of temperature vs. time is unique in its shape and in its required precision, since the constraints of pasteurization and cooking of soft-boiled eggs are technically contradictory. Both processes can coexist only in a quite narrow temperature range, which is a nonlinear function of egg processing time. Precision in temperature control is essential. The thermal process is implemented in an apparatus that presents a novelty on the market of industrial kitchen appliances.A precondition for the present work was simulation of thermal energy propagation in hens' eggs of different sizes and ages. A function of temperature vs. time for the media in which eggs are immersed was defined. The function is piecewise linear in time, with horizontal and near vertical sections and abrupt transitions between them.The process is patented and the quality of pasteurization is certified by the corresponding institutes. The result is pasteurized soft-boiled eggs for consumption in hospitals, schools and hotels. The presented fuzzy control implementation of the thermal process meets the requirements, and thus the implication is that the design and implementation of temperature control based on fuzzy logic is suitable for processes where precision is required.     

An inverse problem technique for detecting irregular cavities in circular cylinders by infrared scanning

An inverse problem technique has been developed for detecting irregular cavities in circular cylinders. In this method, the cavity is considered a part of the unknown geometry of the investigated system, and the evaluated temperature is used to locate this geometry. An auxiliary problem is introduced in the solution of this problem; and in the solution, the cavity wall is located by forcing the temperature to satisfy the condition imposed at the cavity. The new methodology is validated by an experiment presented in this paper, and the test results indicate that this method is highly successful in locating cavities. The accuracy of the method is closely related to the accuracy of the temperature that can be measured at the surface. A small error in the surface temperature results in a slight cavity error for deep cavities, while a shallow cavity is not severely affected by a surface temperature error. This method is particularly attractive in detecting shallow cavities in nondestructive evaluation.