期权方法在R＆D项目决策中的应用

本文简要分析了传统投资项目决策NPV法的缺陷与不足，提出从实物期权的角度来分析R＆D项目投资决策上的管理柔性，进一步揭示隐含在R＆D不确定性投资中的价值，最后对实物期权的应用提出一些改进建议。     

企业R＆D项目组合评价与选择方法

在对国内外R＆D项目组合评价与选择研究分析基础上，从实际出发建立了相应的评价指标体系，构建了基于DEA和BSC的评价模型，说明了运用模型进行项目组合评价与选择的过程。运用分枝定界法生成最优项目组合，考虑了项目间资源、收益和输出的相互影响，确定与企业战略相适应的R＆D项目组合，为R＆D项目组合选择提供了新思路。     

基于相互影响的R＆D项目组合选择

结合企业对于资源投入以及收益的阶段性要求，改进了相互独立的R＆D项目组合选择摹本模型，以此为基础先后建立了基于多个项目间收益相互影响、技术相互影响以及资源相互影响同时发生的一般模型。结合具体的计算实例，验证了一般模型的有效性并分析了考虑项目间相互影响与否而产生的R＆D项目组合选择差异。     

黑龙江省R＆D投入政策充分性与有效性的量化评价

R＆D投入政策的充分性与有效性,对于黑龙江省R＆D资源在经济发展中作用的发挥有极为重要的影响,须对其进行量化分析与评价.回归分析的结果表明黑龙江省R＆D人力资源投入政策发挥了应有的效用,而资金资源的投入政策效果则不够显著.     

警惕跨国公司R＆D本土化

随着跨国公司研究开发（R＆D）本土化趋势的增强，中国已经成为外资设立研发机构最多的发展中国家。在R＆D本土化给中国企业带来的发展机遇面前，冷静的思考R＆D本土化，警惕跨国公司R＆D本土化已经或者是将来有可能带来的不利影响与负面效应，有助于我们有效的保护我国技术创新的独立性与自主性。     

我国区域研究开发经费投入强度的模拟分析

R＆D投入强度（研究开发经费／区域生产总值）是国际通用的衡量一个国家、地区区域创新能力的核心指标，也是构成一个国家、地区综合实力最重要的内容之一。运用复杂适应系统的思想方法对我国区域R＆D投入强度进行分析，建立区域R＆D投入强度模型，并对河南省R＆D投入强度进行模拟分析，最后提出提高我国区域Rg-D投入强度的对策建议。     

江苏省近十年R＆D投入强度分析

本文通过对江苏省2000年到2009年的R＆D投入强度进行分析，以及与国外主要创新性国家的相关比较，总结科技创新的一些经验，提出有关R＆D投入的几点启示。     

设备投资决策评价指标的选择

针对设备管理中投资决策评级指标体系进行分析,列举出设备投资决策各种可行方案,并对比分析建立三种不同方案组合的评价指标体系;最后给出常见的几种评价指标。     

重要工业产品生产项目质量评价制度构建研究

本文应用全生命周期的理念，借鉴环评、安评、能评等在生产项目投资决策、立项阶段先期评价和建成后运行评价，结合工业产品生产许可证制度的实践，构建了重要工业产品生产项目质量评价制度，阐明了质量评价制度实施的对象、范围、内容、程序、评价报告及其结果应用等，对生产项目质量评价的关键要素进行了分析。本研究将为推进重要工业产品生产项目质量评价制度的实施提供重要基础。     

建设工程项目择优评价的指标选择

建设工程项目择优评价是项目建设决策的重要内容。文中对项目择优评价的指标体系进行了分析，对各个指标在评价时的特点以及对评价方案结果的影响情况进行了比较，从而从中选择出能正确反映项目真实效益情况的评价指标。     

A fuzzy ANP-based approach to R&D project selection: A case study

Research and development (R&D) project selection is a complex decision-making process. It involves a search of the environment of opportunities, the generation of project options, and the evaluation by different stakeholders of multiple attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative attributes are often accompanied by certain ambiguities and vagueness because of the dissimilar perceptions of organizational goals among pluralistic stakeholders, bureaucracy and the functional specialization of organizational members. Such differences in perceptions often hinder the attainment of consensus and coordination. Therefore, failures are frequent in R&D investment planning. To perceive the preferences of the various stakeholders and to map them into an analytical decision-making framework are challenging tasks. Further, risks and uncertainties are also associated with the investments and returns of R&D projects. This paper illustrates an application of fuzzy ANP (analytic network process) along with fuzzy cost analysis in selecting R&D projects. Fuzzy set theory is incorporated to overcome the vagueness in the preferences. The method adopted uses triangular fuzzy numbers for pair-wise comparison and applies extent analysis followed by defuzzification to determine the weights for various attributes.     

两阶段专利竞赛中企业的R&D投资策略研究

在企业为获取专利权而展开的专利竞赛中,企业的策略至关重要,参赛企业必须根据其在竞赛中的相对位置不断调整R&D投资策略．本文提出了两阶段专利竞赛模型,并应用该模型对专利竞赛中企业的R&D投资策略进行了分析．     

Effective R&D investment planning based on technology spillovers: the case of Korea

This study was performed to discuss an R&D investment planning method based on the technology spillover among R&D fields, from the point of view of technology convergence. The empirical analysis focused on a particular R&D group, such as university departments and specialized research institutes, since local technology combinations are more effective than distant combinations to create a new technology, according to previous research. In addition, worldwide technology competition is increasing, and with the recent convergence of various technologies and industries, strategies for R&D selection and resources allocation of particular R&D groups are becoming increasingly important. The empirical analysis uses a modified Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method combined with information on patent citations to resolve the latent problems of the existing model, using as an empirical example the case of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), specialized in the geology and resources development R&D area. Through the empirical analysis, the KIGAM’s current R&D investment status is considered, and a reasonable R&D investment planning is suggested from the perspective of technology spillover. By using this framework, the magnitude of technology spillover from the R&D investment planning within a particular R&D group can be measured based on objective quantitative data, and the current R&D investment can be compared with recent global trends.     

Assessing the Effectiveness of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for R&D Project Proposal Evaluations

Abstract:

R&D project success and value is often difficult to predict at the proposal stage. Evaluation methods and their effectiveness vary considerably and are influenced by specific organizational cultures and managerial skill sets. A two-year field study examined the strength, challenges, and limitations of various R&D project evaluation and selection methods. The results suggest that for many project situations, the decision-making process must go beyond analytical methods. It should include both quantitative and qualitative measures and be linked with the internal and external support groups, as well as be strategically aligned with the enterprise. This article identifies specific managerial actions and organizational conditions for evaluating and selecting R&D proposals, aimed at optimizing future value and chances of success.     

政府研发补贴与企业创新投入:数量激励抑或质量导向?

如何有效发挥政府“有形之手”对企业创新的激励作用,优化公共资源配置效率,是实施创新驱动战略和推动经济高质量发展的关键一环。基于2001-2017年中国非金融类A股上市公司面板数据,用研发投资衡量创新投入数量,用专利产出衡量创新投入转化质量,从理论上分析政府研发补贴对企业创新投入数量和投入转化质量的作用机制,并采用固定效应模型、联立方程模型等进行实证检验。结果发现:第一,政府研发补贴能够显著提高企业研发投资额,表明政府补贴对企业创新投入存在数量激励,同时,企业研发投资对专利产出具有显著正向影响,增加创新投入资金数量是确保投入转化质量的必要非充分条件;第二,在控制内生性后,政府研发补贴对企业专利产出具有不显著负向影响,表明政府研发补贴未能形成创新投入质量导向;第三,在政府干预程度较低、法治水平较好的情况下,政府研发补贴能够同时提升企业研发投资与专利产出,证实寻租行为、逆向选择行为和缺乏政府监管等是政府补贴无法有效发挥投入质量导向作用的潜在原因。     

Bibliometric analysis on additionality of Japanese R&D programmes

To justify public investment in R&D activities especially those conducted by private companies, the effect to change their behavior into what could not be realized without public funds is required. This paper studies the "additionality" of Japanese R&D programmes by analyzing the patent applications of five case study projects. Changes and continuations in research themes between the results of the project and the results in five years before and after the project were measured using a similarity index. Also, the similarities between research groups in a project were measured. These show how each project was constituted by researchers with various types of knowledge. As a result, although all projects contained core research groups who continued their research in the project, the effect of mobilizing other researchers into new fields was shown to vary depending on the characteristics of the projects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

生物制药产业现状分析及我国企业的发展战略

2003-2004年生物技术产业普遍的复苏给我国生物制药企业带来前所未有的机遇和广阔的市场前景.通过中外生物制药企业的对比分析发现,我国企业在自主创新、资金融集、规范管理等各方面与国际水平均存在一定差距.国外制药企业将会在产品研制、专利申请、药品生产以及销售流通等环节对并不强大的中国生物制药业造成冲击.建议我国企业应当明确发展战略,加大研发投入,实现创新、模仿并举;拓宽融资渠道,有效融合金融资本与生物制药技术;积极实施标准化管理;寻求战略合作,从而增强技术优势,降低市场风险,创造更高价值.     

Optimal diversification for R&;D project portfolios

Diversification of R&D projects not only can reduce overall risk, but also can create value-enhancement effect. A useful guideline for optimal diversification of R&D projects is important to R&D organizations. This paper extends financial portfolio analyses for R&D management particularly incorporating the technology risk. This study uses a survival model to describe the technology risk since termination of an R&D project can be caused by any technology risk factors. A formula of optimal R&D resource allocation that can dynamically achieve the greatest diversification effect is offered. Furthermore we provide an alternative method for estimating correlations between R&D portfolios, which has a critical influence on diversification effect. The method can be useful in risk assessment when measure the exposure of R&D portfolio to particular sources of uncertainty. The evaluation framework for R&D portfolios optimization also can be applied in project-selection decisions.     

软件企业项目研发团队绩效定性模拟研究

在经典群体绩效理论和团队角色理论的基础上,着重分析了软件企业项目研发团队的正式群体、非正式群体的作用,提出了项目研发团队的绩效影响模型和绩效反馈模型。同时,利用基于过程知识库的定性模拟方法,建立了软件企业项目研发团队的绩效定性模拟模型。最后,使用建立的定性模拟模型对软件企业项目研发团队的绩效进行了预测模拟,并通过结果分析研究了团队中非正式群体对团队整体绩效的影响。