浅海远程水声Turbo编码跳频通信研究

结合Turbo编码和水声跳频通信技术,基于数字信号处理(DSP)成功地研制出了一种高效的抗多途、抗噪声浅海远程水声通信系统.该系统针对浅海远程水声信道的低信噪比、强多途及快速时变衰落特点,采用一种联合有限脉冲响应(FIR)数字窄带滤波和线性调频信号互相关检测的快速、精确的帧同步方法;利用快速频谱分析进行解调,使用复杂度...     

一种新型的滤波器组在水声应答器中的应用

针对某型水声应答器中处理信号频带变宽,信号中叠加了多个频率分量以及实时性要求高的问题,提出一种基于频域信道化技术的滤波器组方法。首先给出该滤波器组的理论推导,并对滤波器组进行加窗处理,给出了FFT的长度和移动重叠点数等参数对该滤波器组的影响,最后进行了数值仿真,并进行了湖试试验数据处理。结果证明该方法可有效解决信号的信道串漏问题,验证了该滤波器组的正确性和可行性。该方法通过对信号信道化处理,减小了滤波处理的运算量,提高了数据的信噪比,便于后续的目标检测。该滤波器组算法简单、易实现、运算量小,在水声应答器信号处理中有一定的工程借鉴价值。     

基于有效抽头和进化规划算法的自适应水声信道估计

为了实现稀疏水声信道的快速高效估计,提出一种新的基于有效抽头的信道参数模型降低运算复杂性,并采用进化算法以最小二乘误差为适应度函数对信道响应中有效抽头的阶数、位置和权重同时进行进化操作寻优,避免了有色输入造成的相邻抽头耦合导致的性能下降。仿真实验结果表明:与传统LMS算法及基于有效抽头检测的稀疏信道估计方法相比,该算法在有色输入信号下具有更优越的估计性能和收敛速度,为稀疏水声信道处理提供了一类新方法。     

基于分数阶功率谱熵的未知水声脉冲信号检测方法

水声侦察的核心问题是在无先验知识条件下捕获其他平台发射的脉冲信号,单频（Continuous Wave,CW）信号和调频（Frequency Modulation,FM）信号是常用的水声探测脉冲。功率谱熵算法能有效检测低信噪比的CW信号,但对FM信号性能不佳,分数阶傅里叶变换（Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT）则能聚集FM信号能量。利用FRFT的性质,结合功率谱熵算法,设计了分数阶功率谱熵检测器,可在分数阶域实施未知脉冲信号检测。理论分析了FRFT对FM信号的能量聚集作用,优化了FRFT阶数搜索方法。仿真实验以及海试数据处理结果证实检测器对FM信号性能良好,且对CW信号的侦察检测性能无影响。通过门限学习,检测器可实现对未知水声脉冲信号的统一自动检测。     

一种低能耗的水声通信编码方案的研究

研究了一种用多个不同频率的CW窄脉冲与帧同步脉冲的时延差携带信息的水声通信技术。该技术利用多个不同频率的CW矩形窄脉冲与帧同步CW矩形窄脉冲之间的时延值进行信息编码,在接收端采用时延估计和频率检测技术进行解码,从而使码元间距成为可携带信息的有用资源,将码元间距扩展到足够宽,既可有效地克服水声信号的多途影响、提高频带利用率,又可大大减少码元脉冲数量,达到节省能量并提高通信可靠性的目的。仿真结果表明,该水声通信编码体制数据传输速率适中,编码和解码简易,系统稳健。     

DS-SS在水声跟踪定位系统中的性能分析

传统的水声跟踪定位系统使用单频脉冲信号（Continuous Wave,CW）。CW信号系统容易实现,但却存在很多缺点：对多径干扰敏感、无法多址、无法解决距离分辨力与作用距离之间的矛盾、保密性差等。扩频技术（Spread Spectrum,SS）能够克服CW信号系统的缺点,在通信中有着广泛的应用。在浅水区域,直接序列扩频（Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum,DS-SS）是更适合于水声信道的扩频技术。讨论了一种直接序列系统模型,并仿真了这种模型的抗多途干扰性能、多用户性能、抗单频干扰性能。仿真结果显示此模型性能优良,实用性强。     

基于深度神经网络的水声FBMC通信信号检测方法

针对传统水声滤波器组多载波（Filter Bank Multi-Carrier,FBMC）通信接收端需经过信道估计和均衡才可恢复出发送符号,系统复杂度高且信道估计精度不佳等问题。文章将深度神经网络融入到水声多载波通信当中,提出一种基于深度神经网络的水声FBMC信号检测方法。在训练阶段通过大量的数据迭代、调试超参数和优化算法来改善深度神经网络参数,使其具有预期的估计效果。利用训练完成的深度神经网络模型取代传统FBMC通信系统接收端的信道估计、均衡等模块,自适应地学习水声信道状态信息,同时避免了固有的虚部干扰影响。在测试阶段直接将频域序列作为网络的输入来预测发送的二进制序列,仿真结果表明所提出的基于深度神经网络的FBMC信号检测方法相比传统信道估计算法有更好的误码率性能。     

基于混沌的水声定位信号设计及性能分析

针对水声信道中复杂的噪声环境及各种干扰对定位准确度的影响,利用扩频通信技术的抗干扰、抗噪声能力,提出一种基于混沌的扩频信号产生方法。将该信息作为水声定位信号,通过相关法得到精确时延,进而可以计算出节点间的距离,通过在水声信道下对其性能进行分析。仿真结果表明:该扩频信号相关特性理想,具有很强的抗干扰能力,测距准确度高,适合用作水声定位信号。     

一种浅海水声信道分数间隔自适应均衡算法研究

水声信道是最为复杂的数据通信环境之一,而具有重要军用和商用价值的浅海水声信道,其多径与频散效应更为严重。在浅海水声数字通信中,普遍存在着码间干扰和码内干扰效应,严重影响了水下通信的速度和质量。在判决反馈结构的基础上,采用分数的方法,提出了一种适用于浅海水声信道的自适应均衡算法,并通过计算机仿真实验与整数方法进行了性能对比。传输信号采用正交相移键控调制方式,以有效利用有限通信带宽。仿真结果表明,该算法获得了较快的收敛速度和较小的稳态误差,提高了水声通信的有效性及可靠性,因而具有良好的工程应用价值。     

适用于水声信道的新的盲均衡算法

由于时变水声信道的随机相位失真，常模算法（CMA）的误码性能将严重下降。在文献[1]中双模式盲均衡算法的基础上，提出了一种适用于水声信道的新的盲均衡算法（NCMA）。计算机仿真结果表明在时变水声信道中，该算法性能优于双模式算法，能够达到信号相位失真的恢复．并且收敛性能优于双模式算法。     

Preparation and adsorbing performance of calcium titanate with template method

In this paper, using furfural residue as a template, porous calcium titanate (FPCT) was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption method. The conditions of preparation were investigated. The adsorption capabilities of FPCT for heavy metal ions were studied, and the adsorption mechanism was investigated. The results show that the calcium titanate was porous, and material is composed of crystals in nanoparticle size with a small amount of calcium sulfate impurities, while the sulfuric acid in furfural residue is fixed as the calcium sulfate in the material. The adsorbed quantity is affected by the pH value of medium and time. When the pH value of medium is 5, and oscillating adsorption lasts for 30?min, the adsorbed quantities of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni are 118.04, 197.96, 64.98, 56.85, and 47.91?mg/g, respectively. The adsorption conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and is a spontaneous endothermic process driven by entropy. After adsorption, adsorbents can be regenerated with 1?mol/L nitrate solution. It is used for eliminating Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in wastewater and the results are satisfactory.     

白藜芦醇纳米载体的制备与表征

制备了负载1%白藜芦醇（Res）的三种脂质纳米载体,分别为固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、纳米脂质载体（NLC）和纳米乳（NE）,通过进行离心、粒径、zeta电位、pH值、含量、包封率及对温度的稳定性等理化性质研究,结果表明,Res-SLN,粒径45±5nm,zeta电位-10.0±0.3mV,含量为9.57mg.mL-1,包封率为98.68%;Res-NLC,粒径185±3nm,zeta电位-10.8±0.5mV,含量为9.17mg.mL-1,包封率为99.36%;Res-NE,粒径7nm,zeta电位-4.8±0.4mV,含量为9.89mg.mL-1,包封率为97.97%。三种载体体系在4℃及25℃离心10000r/min,30min不分层。分别在室温、4℃、40℃下放置15d,Res-NLC表现出良好的稳定性。     

Age and pedestrian injury severity in motor-vehicle crashes: a heteroskedastic logit analysis

This research explores the injury severity of pedestrians in motor-vehicle crashes. It is hypothesized that the variance of unobserved pedestrian characteristics increases with age. In response, a heteroskedastic generalized extreme value model is used. The analysis links explanatory factors with four injury outcomes: fatal, incapacitating, non-incapacitating, and possible or no injury. Police-reported crash data between 1997 and 2000 from North Carolina, USA, are used. The results show that pedestrian age induces heteroskedasticity which affects the probability of fatal injury. The effect grows more pronounced with increasing age past 65. The heteroskedastic model provides a better fit than the multinomial logit model. Notable factors increasing the probability of fatal pedestrian injury: increasing pedestrian age, male driver, intoxicated driver (2.7 times greater probability of fatality), traffic sign, commercial area, darkness with or without streetlights (2-4 times greater probability of fatality), sport-utility vehicle, truck, freeway, two-way divided roadway, speeding-involved, off roadway, motorist turning or backing, both driver and pedestrian at fault, and pedestrian only at fault. Conversely, the probability of a fatal injury decreased: with increasing driver age, during the PM traffic peak, with traffic signal control, in inclement weather, on a curved roadway, at a crosswalk, and when walking along roadway.     

Augmenting the bootstrap to analyze high dimensional genomic data

The data produced by high-throughput genomic techniques are often high dimensional and undersampled. In these settings, statistical analyses that require the inversion of covariance matrices, such as those pursuing supervised dimension reduction or the assessment of interdependence structures, are problematic. In this article we show how the idea of adding noise to the bootstrap, pioneered by Efron, and Silverman and Young, in the late seventies and eighties, can be used to overcome undersampling and effectively estimate the inverse covariance matrix for data sets in which the number of observations is small relative to the number of variables. We demonstrate the performance of this approach, which we call augmented bootstrap, on simulated data and on data derived from genomic DNA sequences and microarray experiments. This invited paper is discussed in the comments available at: , , , , , , , . This work was partially supported by NIH grant HG02238 to W. Miller, NIH grant R01-GM072264 to K. Makova, and NSF grant DMS-0704621 to R.D. Cook, B. Li and F. Chiaromonte.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Survey of Industrial,Agricultural, and Medical Applications of Radiometric Gauging and Process Control

Photon and particle radiations (gamma rays, x rays, brems-strahlung, electrons and other charged particles, and neutrons) from radioactive isotopes, x-ray tubes, and accelerators are now widely used in gauging, production control, and other monitoring and metrology devices where avoidance of mechanical contact is desirable. The general principles of radiation gauges, which rely on detection of radiation transmitted by the sample, or on detection of scattered or other secondary radiations produced in the sample, are discussed. Examples of such devices currently used or at least shown to be feasible in industrial, transportation, building, mining, agricultural, medical, and other metrology situations are presented, drawing from a total of 146 selected technical and review paper reference sources here cited.     

金属锂二次电池的研究进展

综述了最近几年来在改进金属锂二次电池方面进行的研究。主要论述通过加入各种不同的中剂如ＨＦ、ＣＯ２、无机离子、碘化物、有机物和表面活性剂来改善金属锂的表面和／或表面膜的结构,从而提高金属锂二次电池的电化学行为。同时对固民解质和合金负极今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

The viscosities and densities of selected organic compounds and mixtures of interest in coal liquefaction studies

Experimental measurements are presented for the density and viscosity of selected organic compounds and mixtures at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) and at temperatures of 298, 318, 338, and 358 K. The compounds studied were decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, quinoline 2,6-lutidine, and m-cresol. Measurements were also made on three mixtures of the compounds decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, and m-cresol. The experimental results are compared with predictions made using a modified corresponding states procedure called TRAPP. The density predictions for the individual compounds and mixtures are good in all cases. For the viscosity, however, the predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment only for nonassociating compounds and mixtures at reduced densities less than 3. These results suggest that TRAPP may prove very useful as a screening test to distinguish between nonassociating and highly associating mixtures. Such a test would be extremely useful when dealing with mixtures of unknown composition, such as coal liquids.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

An Approach to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Including Propane, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butane,and Isobutane

This paper discusses a mathematical model for computing the thermodynamic properties of propane, n-butane, isobutane, and their mixtures, in the fluid phase using a method based upon statistical chain theory. The constants necessary for computations such as the characteristic temperatures of rotation, electronic state, etc. and the moments of inertia are obtained analytically applying a knowledge of the atomic structure of the molecule. The paper presents a procedure for calculating thermodynamic properties such as pressure, speed of sound, the Joule-Thomson coefficient, compressibility, enthalpy, and thermal expansion coefficient. This paper will discuss, for the first time, the application of statistical chain theory for accurate properties of binary and ternary mixtures including propane, n-butane, and isobutane, in their entire fluid phases. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of Lennard-Jones chains, the Liu-Li-Lu model has been used. The thermodynamic properties of the hydrocarbon mixtures are obtained using the one-fluid theory. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Theremophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

纳米技术：新世纪的机遇和挑战

纳米技术是二十一世纪最具发展前景的领域,当前,在全球范围内,一个以纳米材料,纳米电子学和纳米医疗为核心的高科技时代已经来临,很多产业都将因纳米技术的发展而得益,如通讯、计算机、医疗、化工、材料、能源、飞机、汽车、航天、环保和机械制造等。而且十分明显的是,几乎所有的方面都涉及或依赖于真空科学与技术。