设计月历

2006年12月31日 首届中国礼品设计大赛 大赛以“品牌、创新、提升产业文化”为主题．旨在打造我国礼品企业合作．交流平台．以推动我国礼品业文化的高度发展．促进礼品业经济的大发展。参赛作品必须符合：国务．政务．商务．社交．公关．礼仪以及市场促销礼品．玩具．体育礼品等范围的中．高．低档礼品及礼品包装设计等范围；要符合时代创新．市场发展．艺术鉴赏．实用环保性等设计理念。大赛同期举办中国礼品行业文化创意品牌设计高峰论坛；礼品设计成果转化．知识产权转让签约仪式等亮点活动。截止日期：2006年12月31日．详情访问：www．chinagift.org．cn     

建设部发布国家标准《工业炉砌筑工程质量验收规范》

建设部批准《工业炉砌筑工程质量验收规范》为国家标准，编号为GB50309-2007，自2008年4月1日起实施。其中，第3．3．3、4．1．4、7．3．3、7．4．3、7．5．3、10．1．4、10．1．5、15．1．6条为强制性条文，必须严格执行。原《工业炉砌筑工程质量检验评定标准》GB50309-92同时废止。     

厦门几种建筑材料放射性的检测与评价

运用HPGeγ能谱仪测定了厦门地区8种建筑材料：水泥，花岗岩，沙子，陶瓷砖，滑石粉，红砖中的天然放射性核素的比活度，得到226Ra、232Th和40K的比活度分别为5．3～64．8Bq．kg-1、5．2～68．1Bq．kg-1和15．5～966．3Bq．kg-1，镭当量浓度ECRa范围为：28．9～215．2Bq．kg-1：内外照射指数范围分别为：0．03～0．32和0．08～0．61：建材样品所致居民内、外有效剂量当量的范围分别为0．03～0．34和0．0g～0．69。这些值均在正常范围内，符合有关标准规定的限值，皆为合格的建筑材料，其产销和适用范围均不受限制。     

关于塑料模具冷却方式的改进

塑料模具在冷却过程中．由于塑件内部各点的固化时间不同．将产生不同的收缩及残余应力．本文以塑件拐角处为例．讨论了塑料模具中不对称部位的冷却问题．为了平衡内应力．从而消除塑件变形．文中给出了几种冷却方式的改进方法．     

计算机技术在燃气表首检中的应用

近年来．随着合肥市燃气事业的高速发展．每年增加数万用户．民用燃气表首检工作也有条不紊地开展，累积了大量的检定数据。但是，如何高效地管理检定数据．方便地实现数据共享．尤其是如何快捷地统计、查询和分析数据．是我们面临的一个重要课题。为此．我们自主开发了“合肥燃气表首检管理系统”．在保留原始检定记录的基础上．利用计算机技术实现了更加高效的数据管理．     

壳聚糖／纳米La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3复合膜的制备及表征

采用甘氨酸一硝酸盐燃烧法成功的制备了La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3钙钛矿型复合氧化物，并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、XRD现代分析手段对其进行了分析，结果表明La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3纳米晶体复合氧化物呈球形，粒径为19．1nm。利用溶胶-凝胶法在壳聚糖溶液中制备壳聚糖／La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3薄膜，并通过以上分析手段，对膜的表面形貌、成分变化、La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3的形态、粒子尺寸等进行分析，研究其成膜前后的变化。结果表明壳聚糖与La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3之间存在较强的氢键相互作用，这种分子问的相互作用扰乱了壳聚糖原有的晶体结构，在壳聚糖与La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3复合过程中产生了新的分子排列，从而使两组分之间形成了良好的分散与相容。     

自动涂布机微机控制系统

密封装量和密封胶在许多行业得到广泛应用．但一般采用手工或简单机械涂胶．不但效率低、均匀性差．而且对材料的浪费也较大．本文介绍了一种采用微机控制的自动涂布机．解决了上述问题．大大提高了涂胶的效率和质量．并减轻了劳动强度．文中重点介绍其控制部份．     

紫外光固化低聚物的进展（二）

本文介绍了近年来紫外光固化低聚物的进展，以及它们的性能、特点和主要生产厂家。内容包括：1．双重固化低聚物、2．水性固化低聚物、3．超支化低聚物、4．自引发功能低聚物、5．脂肪族和脂肪环族环氧丙烯酸酯、6．低粘度低聚物、7．含磷阻燃性低聚物、8．光固化聚丁二烯低聚物、9．固化物粉末涂料用低聚物、10．杂化低聚物、11．氨基甲酸丙烯酸酯的非NCO合成。     

今年1-7月江西省高新技术产业稳步发展

发展态势平稳。1-7月，江西省高新技术产业累计完成总产值3425．3亿元，实现增加值846．5亿元。增加值同比增长11．7％，增幅与上半年持平，占规模以上工业增加值的24．3％。实现主营业务收入3401．3亿元、利润总额211．7亿元、出口交货值367．0亿元，分别比去年同期增长16．4％、19．0％和19．5％。     

一季度我国进口木浆均价下降19．9％

据了解,一季度我国进口废纸723．4万吨,同比增长10．1％,价值15．3亿美元,同比下降14．8％,进口均价211．3美元／吨,下降14．8％;进口木浆435．9万吨,同比增长i5．5％,价值28．3亿美元,下降7．5％,进口均价649．3美元／吨,下降19．9％。     

Dispersive behaviour of humid anisotropic media

The results of dielectric measurements on a humid system consisting of filter papers which show strongly anisotropic properties in the planes and normal to the planes of the sheets, are reported. Configurations were used in which the flow of current is, respectively, normal to and in the planes and these show distinctively different behaviour. Transport in the planes provides some of the best examples of LFD ever seen by us, extending over up to eight decades of frequency; transport across the planes is influenced by less dispersive behaviour which is ascribed to the fibre-fibre contacts.     

Computer simulation of atomic properties and dynamic behavior of interstitial clusters in Ni*

The atomic structure and dynamic behavior of interstitial clusters, i.e., a bundle of <110> crowdions, have been investigated in a model Ni lattice. An extended dislocation loop was obtained after full relaxation of a loop of hexagonal shape, consisting of four dislocation segments lying on {111} slip planes and two dislocation segments on {100} slip planes. The dislocation segments on {111} slip planes are extended, but the segments on {100} slip planes are not extended. By observing the motion of a dislocation loop under axially symmetrical shear stress, the Peierls stress for the dislocation loop was obtained. Also, a diamond-shaped dislocation loop was constructed in the model lattice, consisting of four dislocation segments on {111} slip planes and no segments on {100} slip planes. The Peierls stress for this diamond-shaped dislocation loop was found to be less than that for the hexagonal-shaped dislocation loop. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

精密离心机动平衡系统的独立调节法

提出了惯用精密离心机动平衡系统的独立调节法：不需要测角系统,由进步电机驱动上下两个校正面上的平衡块,分别在上下两个测试面上设置一个已知的不平衡矢量,使用上下两个测试面上的电容测微仪,分别测得每个测试面上设置不平衡矢量前后的振幅,利用两点测算法或四点测算法获得上下两个测试面上原有的不平衡矢量,由步进电机驱动上下两个校正面上的平衡机构消除不平衡。     

Fatigue crack orientation in NR and SBR under variable amplitude and multiaxial loading conditions

The orientations of cracks as they develop in a material indicate the planes that have experienced the maximum damage. For the purpose of fatigue life analysis and prediction, these planes are referred to as the failure or critical planes. In order to study the planes on which cracks develop for different types of loading, the development of cracks was observed during constant and variable amplitude experiments using the multiaxial ring specimen. Two filled rubber materials were compared in this study: NR, which strain crystallizes, and SBR, which does not. Multiaxial test signals composed of alternating blocks of axial and torsion cycles (each of which acts on different critical planes) produced crack orientations that fell between those occurring for signals composed only of axial or of torsion cycles. Plane-specific fatigue damage parameters of cracking energy density and normal strain were evaluated for their ability to predict the experimentally observed planes of crack development.     

Calibration of stereo cameras from two perpendicular planes

We present a novel linear algorithm with which to calibrate stereo cameras from two perpendicular planes. Stereo cameras are two cameras aligned in a special configuration with coplanar image planes and parallel axes that are increasingly more widely used in computer vision tasks. Our objective is to present a more practical and simplified linear algorithm for these special configuration cameras, as traditional linear algorithms usually require too-strong constraints either on three-dimensional scenes or on the camera's motion. We developed the proposed algorithm from a new constraint by exploiting the orthogonality of two planes. The algorithm has much weaker constraints on three-dimensional scenes because two perpendicular planes are commonly found in daily life. We tested the algorithm with synthetic data and real image data. Experimental results show that it is both accurate and practical.     

On the relief of ordering strains by twinning in Ni1.05Mn0.95 alloy

The microstructure of the low temperature ordered tetragonal phase of Ni_1.05Mn_0.95 alloy has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the whole crystal consists of plates joined along planes which are roughly parallel to the {101} planes. The individual plates are further subdivided into twins limited by the same family of planes. It was shown that the twins form an assembly of ordered domains in which the tetragonality strains induced during ordering of the alloy are mutually cancelled.     

Single crystalline nickel nanorods inside carbon nanotubes: growth behavior, structure, and magnetic properties

Nickel nanorods with diameters ranging from 5 to 10 nm, encapsulated inside the carbon nanotubes, are prepared using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies reveal the perfect crystalline nature of the rods with d-spacing closely matching the (111) interplanar spacing of Ni. The (111) planes of the Ni nanorods are always aligned at 39.6 degrees with respect to the graphite planes of the nanotubes. The cosine component of the d-spacing along the direction of the graphite planes is found to be 1.6 A; exactly half the d-spacing between the graphite planes. The electron diffraction pattern shows clear spots corresponding to Ni structure. The field cooled and zero field cooled magnetization data reveal the reversibility of the magnetization of the Ni nanorods and show a blocking temperature of 195 K, which correspond to energy barrier of 0.4 eV/(V).     

Depth-enhanced integral imaging display system with electrically variable image planes using polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal layers

A depth-enhanced three-dimensional integral imaging system with electrically variable image planes is proposed. For implementing the variable image planes, polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC) films and a projector are adopted as a new display system in the integral imaging. Since the transparencies of PDLC films are electrically controllable, we can make each film diffuse the projected light successively with a different depth from the lens array. As a result, the proposed method enables control of the location of image planes electrically and enhances the depth. The principle of the proposed method is described, and experimental results are also presented.     

Fracture studies of tungsten single crystals

For fracture studies on oriented W monocrystalline specimens it is necessary to produce very sharp, stopped precracks, which presents difficulties in the case of W. The procedure and technique to produce precracks is described. The fracture experiments gave strong indications for a preference of the {100} planes as cleavage planes. The {110} planes successfully resist crack propagation, although they are the planes with the lowest surface energy. Crack propagation on both the {110} crack system and {100} crack system is strongly influenced by the crack front orientation. The appearance of the {121} plane as a cleavage plane in our experiments makes further studies with oriented W monocrystalline specimens desirable.     

Study of protein adsorption on octacalcium phosphate surfaces by molecular dynamics simulations

This study numerically studies absorption of human serum albumin (HSA) and basic protein lysozyme (LSZ) on crystallographic planes of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), an essential bioactive calcium phosphate. The molecular simulations include constructing atomic structure of OCP crystallographic planes and representative segments of HSA and LSZ with three different initiate orientations respect to OCP planes. The simulation reveals the dynamic process of the protein absorption. The absorption behavior of proteins is quantified by the interaction energy between proteins and OCP planes and the strain energy of proteins in absorption. The results show that absorption interaction energy of basic LSZ is higher than that of acidic HSA, which indicates that LSZ is more favorable to adsorb onto OCP surface than HSA. The interaction energies change with the OCP crystallographic planes, the trend of changes for both proteins are similar, that is OCP (001) > OCP (111) > OCP (110) > OCP (100), which is corrected with surface energy variation of crystallographic planes. The strain energy strongly depends on the orientations of the proteins before absorption, but weakly depends on crystallographic planes. The simulation results provide useful significant information for predicting/designing interface between bioceramic materials and organic tissues as well as for understanding the mechanism of the osteoinductivity at an atomic level.