共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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文章通过对全国部分城市驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的流行病学研究结果发现 :(1 )驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故检出率不存在地区性差异 ;(2 )驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的检出率无显著性的年龄差异 ;(3 )不同年龄段驾驶员和儿童 ,男性事故检出率均高于女性事故检出率 ;(4 )极少数的事故人群具有事故倾向性 :在驾驶人群中有 6%~ 8%的事故倾性驾驶员 ,其引起的交通事故数占总事故数的 3 0 %~ 40 % ,在 1~ 1 4岁儿童中有 1 %~ 2 %的事故倾性儿童 ,其发生的意外伤害数占意外伤害总数的2 5 %~ 3 5 % ;(5 )事故倾性驾驶员和事故倾性儿童再发事故的比率均比对照组高。文章从流行病学角度证实了事故倾性人群的存在 ,并对事故倾性的本质作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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儿童非致死性意外伤害的流行病学研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
探索1~14岁儿童非致死性意外伤害的流行病学特征。采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取重庆、合肥、天津、锦州、舟山等5个地区(包括城乡)的1~14岁在册儿童15228名,用统一的调查表进行现况调查。儿童非致死性意外伤害总体发生率为11.34%。不同年龄、不同性别的儿童意外伤害发生率存在显著差异(P0.05)。儿童非致死性意外伤害存在地区性差异(P0.01)和城乡差异;时点分布主要集中在每天的9:00~11:00及15:00~17:00,一年中以夏、秋季最为多见。儿童非致死性意外伤害以跌伤最为多见,其次是体育运动伤、动物咬伤、打架伤、切割伤和烫伤等。 相似文献
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目的:了解1~14岁儿童非致死性意外伤害造成经济损失情况。方法:2001年8—12月对合肥地区(包括城乡)的1~14岁儿童进行整群随机抽样,用统一的调查表进行调查。结果:(1)儿童非致死性意外伤害直接经济损失主要是门诊费和住院费,占经济损失总额的63.9%;(2)经济损失的高低与父母职业、父母化程度、母亲生育年龄有关。结论:儿童非致死性意外伤害经济损失大小受父母因素影响,在一定程度上是可以控制的。 相似文献
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浅谈驾驶员培训与减少事故的相关性虞洪山(乌鲁木齐市公安交警支队)近几年来,随着我国对内搞活,对外开放政策的不断深入和发展,经济生活的不断繁荣,交通运输队伍随之不断壮大,驾驶员队伍逐渐扩大,车辆数也在迅猛增长。在现在道路条件下,交通秩序和交通安全已成为... 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了汽车式起重机稳定呆装作业的基本原理,分析汽车式起重机倾翻事故主要是由非驾驶人员操作、作业中不重视汽车吊支腿的基础设置等原因造成提出了应该从规范设备租货环节.选择合格、可命的合作伙伴、做好设备进场验收工作,严把设备完好关、严格安全技术管理工作.严把交底关、做好现场实际吊装等方面事故防范对策。 相似文献
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目的 探究安全与事故公交驾驶员驾驶风格的差异.方法 采用中文版多维度驾驶风格量表(MDSI-C)对1000名公交驾驶员进行测量,并在一年内对驾驶员的事故次数进行追踪记录.结果 男性驾驶员安全和焦虑驾驶风格得分比女性驾驶员高,冒险、分心和痛苦减轻驾驶风格得分比女性驾驶员低.驾驶员在过去驾驶中的交通事故次数与冒险、分心驾驶... 相似文献
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安全驾驶员与事故驾驶员视觉选择性注意的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究采用注意力测验量表,对132名公共汽车驾驶员的视觉选择性注意进行了测量。结果发现:(1)驾驶员的视觉选择性注意与交通事故关系密切.事故组驾驶员与安全组驾驶员的漏划数,完成时间和平均每秒正确删数存在显著差异.事故组驾驶员的漏划数较多.完成时间较长,平均每秒正确删数较少;(2)驾驶员视觉选择性注意的速度和准确性存在性别差异,女性驾驶员完成视觉选择性注意作业的时间较快、平均每秒正确删数较多。本研究结果为我国深入开展驾驶员的选拔、培训与安全教育提供一定的理论依据与技术手段。 相似文献
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安徽省 1 990~ 1 992年城乡居民死亡原因抽样调查结果显示 ,全省目前的交通事故死亡率年平均为 9.2 0 /1 0万 ,每年因交通事故死亡约 5 0 0 0人 ,城市的交通事故死亡率为 1 0 .0 5 /1 0万 ,居意外死因的首位 ;农村的交通事故死亡率为 9.0 3 /1 0万 ,居意外死因的第 3位 ,从死亡水平和死者的性别、年龄特征来看 ,城乡的死亡状况已十分相似。总体来看 ,男性交通事故死亡率明显高于女性 ;分年龄组看 ,随着年龄的增加 ,死亡率逐渐上升 ,但 2 0~ 60岁的死亡人数占全部交通事故死亡的 66.0 4%。结果表明 ,安徽省目前城乡居民的交通事故死亡状况是很严重的 ,大力加强全省交通安全管理。提高全民的交通安全意识是迫切需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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de Carvalho Ponce J Muñoz DR Andreuccetti G de Carvalho DG Leyton V 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2011,43(3):782-787
Aims
The aims of the present study were to characterize fatal traffic accident victims in a major urban center in Brazil and their association with alcohol consumption.Methods
Cross-sectional study of 907 fatal traffic accident victims in Sao Paulo, in 2005.Results
Adult males between the ages of 25 and 54 represented the majority of cases with positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). Overall, males had a higher proportion of BAC and mean BAC than females. Pedestrians, particularly those with no detectable BAC, were typically older than other victims. Most accidents (total and BAC-positive) happened on weekends between midnight and 6 a.m. Considering all victims, 39.4% were positive (BAC over 0.1 g/l). When only drivers (automobile, motorcycle and bicycle) were evaluated, 42.3% had BAC over the legal limit (0.6 g/l).Conclusions
Alcohol is associated with nearly half of all traffic accident deaths in the city of Sao Paulo, especially for days and times associated with parties and bars (weekends between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m.). 相似文献13.
煤矿工人反应时、暗适应测试与事故倾向调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对239名煤矿工人的视觉反应时、暗适应级数、听觉反应时进行了测试,对其事故倾向进行了调查,对各年龄组、各工种工人的视觉反应时、暗适应级数、听觉反应时、事故倾向进行了比较分析,并分析了视觉反应时、暗适应级数、听觉反应时与事故倾向之间的关系.结果表明,随年龄的增长,工人的反应变慢、暗适应能力下降、事故倾向加重;各工种工人的视觉选择反应时存在显著差异;视觉反应能力较弱的煤矿工人的事故倾向较重,暗适应能力较弱的煤矿工人的事故倾向较重.最后给出了煤矿安全生产管理的建议. 相似文献
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安徽省城乡居民交通事故死亡状况及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
安徽省1990~1992年城乡居民死亡原因抽样调查结果显示,全省目前的交通事故死亡率年平均为9.20/10万,每年因交通事故死亡约5000人,城市的交通事故死亡率为10.05/10万,居意外死因的首位;农村的交通事故死亡率为9.03/10万。居意外死因的第3位,从死亡水平和死者的性别、年龄特征来看,城乡的死亡状况已十分相似。总体来看,男性交通事故死亡率明显高于女性;分年龄组看,随着年龄的增加,死亡率逐渐上升,但20~60岁的死亡人数占全部交通事故死亡的66.04%。结果表明,安徽省目前城乡居民的交通事故死亡状况是很严重的,大力加强全省交通安全管理。提高全民的交通安全意识是迫切需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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Christian W. Müller Dietmar Otte Sebastian Decker Timo Stübig Martin Panzica Christian Krettek Stephan Brand 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2014
Spinal injuries pose a considerable risk to life and quality of life. In spite of improvements in active and passive safety of motor vehicles, car accidents are regarded as a major cause for vertebral fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current incidence of vertebral fractures among front-seat occupants in motor vehicle accidents, and to identify specific risk factors for sustaining vertebral fractures in motor vehicle accidents. Data from an accident research unit were accessed to collect collision details, preclinical data, and clinical data. We included all data on front-seat occupants. Hospital records were retrieved, and radiological images were evaluated. 相似文献
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Barbara Charbotel Jean Louis Martin Mireille Chiron 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2010,42(2):604-3552
The aim of this research was to analyze the changes that have affected work-related road accidents between 1997 and 2006, using police data. The study focused on drivers aged between 14 and 64 years. The characteristics considered were the age, gender, type of vehicle and occupation of the individuals involved and the location, time and severity of the accident. Two periods were compared, 1997-2000 and 2003-2006. Three types of journey were considered: while at work, commuting (going to and from work), and non-work-related.The percentage of all accidents which were work-related varied little over the decade (10% while at work and 18% while commuting). The accidents that occurred while at work still had the lowest fatality rates (1.4% among women and 3.4% among men in 2003-2006). Men accounted for the majority of the casualties: 90% of fatalities while at work and approximately 80% for the other types of journey. The greatest reduction took place in the number of motorists, and this has led to an increase in the proportion of motorized two-wheelers both while at work and while commuting. In the case of accidents while at work, the professional drivers still had the highest risk, craftsmen and shopkeepers were also at higher risk than manual workers of both genders and male employees. Extending analysis of this type to other European countries would be of major interest both for epidemiological monitoring and the prevention of occupational road accidents. 相似文献
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Accident size can be expressed as the number of involved vehicles, the number of damaged vehicles, the number of deaths and/or the number of injured. Accident size is the one of the important indices to measure the level of safety of transportation facilities. Factors such as road geometric condition, driver characteristic and vehicle type may be related to traffic accident size. However, all these factors interact in complicate ways so that the interrelationships among the variables are not easily identified. A structural equation model is adopted to capture the complex relationships among variables because the model can handle complex relationships among endogenous and exogenous variables simultaneously and furthermore it can include latent variables in the model. In this study, we use 2649 accident data occurred on highways in Korea and estimate relationship among exogenous factors and traffic accident size. The model suggests that road factors, driver factors and environment factors are strongly related to the accident size. 相似文献
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煤矿事故中人的失误及其原因分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对煤矿事故报告材料的事后回溯统计分析发现:(1)乡镇煤矿的事故最多、国营地方煤矿次之,国家统配煤矿最少;(2)绝大多数煤矿事故都是由于人的失误等人为因素造成的;(3)造成煤矿事故发生的原因主要有组织安全管理、生产环境条件及工人个人特点表现等力面。 相似文献