苎麻织物表面改性对其增强热固性聚乳酸复合材料力学及阻燃性能的影响

采用碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理、碱+硅烷偶联剂复合处理、碱+阻燃剂+硅烷偶联剂复合处理对苎麻织物进行表面改性,采用模压工艺制备了苎麻织物增强热固性聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。研究了4种表面改性方法对苎麻织物/PLA复合材料弯曲性能的影响,采用SEM研究了苎麻纤维与PLA基体之间的界面结合状况。结果表明:经过4种表面改性处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲性能均有所提高,其中碱+硅烷偶联剂复合处理后提高幅度最大,苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲强度、模量分别提高了59.5%、51.9%。碱+阻燃剂+硅烷偶联剂复合处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲强度、模量较未处理时分别提高了38.0%、66.8%;且苎麻织物/PLA复合材料60s点火时间的损毁长度为8.25cm,达到了美国DOT/FAA/AR-00/12要求的标准。SEM结果表明:改性处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合更好。     

苎麻纤维表面处理对其复合材料性能的影响

在不同处理时间和功率的条件下,对苎麻纤维表面进行冷等离子体处理。通过分析纤维表面能以及纤维拉伸强度的变化,选取了3组处理纤维与未处理纤维作为复合材料的增强纤维,并且运用模压工艺制备苎麻纤维增强复合材料。经过扫描电镜分析、弯曲强度和剪切强度测试以及单纤维断裂实验,探究了冷等离子体处理对苎麻纤维表面性能及其复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体处理去除了苎麻纤维表面的胶质和杂质,提升了纤维与环氧树脂的粘附功。随着处理时间与功率的增加,复合材料板的力学性能随之提升。与未处理纤维复合材料相比,当处理条件为3min、200W时,复合材料的弯曲强度与剪切强度分别提升了37.0%和30.5%。     

纳米SiO_2-NaOH-有机硅烷偶联剂表面改性对苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

为改善苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学性能和吸湿性能,采用纳米SiO_2联合NaOH和有机硅烷偶联剂KH570对苎麻纤维进行改性,考察了该表面改性方法对苎麻纤维化学结构、表面形貌、结晶度及对苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学性能和吸水性的影响。结果表明,苎麻纤维表面的胶质被NaOH溶解,纤维吸水性变强,变得疏松,与树脂基体的黏结性增强,纤维结晶度随着碱浓度的增加先升高后降低;有机硅烷偶联剂KH570与苎麻纤维发生偶联作用,静态水接触角增大,疏水性增强,使苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料界面性能提高;在有机硅烷偶联剂KH570作用下,SiO_2以纳米级尺寸与苎麻纤维表面羟基产生共价键,从而提高了苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的力学强度;实验表明,该方法改性后的苎麻纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料吸水率大大降低。     

苎麻针刺无纺布增强聚丙烯复合材料界面改性的研究

研究了NaOH改性处理对苎麻无纺布/PP复合材料性能的影响,分析在不同NaOH浓度和浸渍时间条件下复合材料性能的影响。对比了复合材料横、纵向拉伸强度的大小,通过SEM观察改性前后复合材料拉伸断面的变化。结果表明:NaOH改变了苎麻纤维的表面形态和结构,提高了纤维和树脂的粘结力和界面相容性。当NaOH浓度为8%时复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大,此浓度的最佳浸渍时间为30min;受到无纺布生产工艺的影响,苎麻纤维沿无纺布纵向分布较多,使得复合材料的纵向拉伸强度要高于横向;通过SEM观察可知,NaOH改性后的复合材料断面比较平整,界面相容性得到改善。     

麻纤维强化复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用注塑法以热塑性淀粉(TPS)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为基体,麻纤维为填料制备复合材料。研究了麻纤维含量、处理方式及种类对复合材料力学性能和吸水性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度值随着麻纤维量(0.5%~2%)增加而增加,断裂伸长率先增加后减小,吸水量逐渐降低;经丙烯酸处理的纤维强化后材料力学性能和吸水性能要优于碱、亚氯酸钠和苯甲酰氯;大麻强化的材料力学性能要强于苎麻和黄麻纤维,而苎麻纤维强化的材料吸水性能要弱于大麻和黄麻纤维。     

苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6复合材料的制备及性能研究

以己内酰胺为单体,经热处理的苎麻纤维(RF)为增强材料,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)成功制备了苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6(APA6)复合材料.主要研究了热处理前后苎麻纤维表面官能团、结晶性能、力学性能和微观形貌的变化,并对复合材料的冲击断面、力学性能和热性能进行了考察.研究表明:当热处理温度为280℃时,苎麻纤维表面的羟基数量显著减少,结晶度略有降低,拉伸强度和模量有所下降,但苎麻纤维的形貌未有明显变化.RF/APA6复合材料中苎麻纤维与树脂的界面结合良好,与APA6相比,复合材料的拉伸强度略有提高,拉伸模量和弯曲性能得到明显提升,同时热稳定性显著提高.     

苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6复合材料的制备及性能研究

以己内酰胺为单体,经热处理的苎麻纤维(RF)为增强材料,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)成功制备了苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6(APA6)复合材料。主要研究了热处理前后苎麻纤维表面官能团、结晶性能、力学性能和微观形貌的变化,并对复合材料的冲击断面、力学性能和热性能进行了考察。研究表明:当热处理温度为280℃时,苎麻纤维表面的羟基数量显著减少,结晶度略有降低,拉伸强度和模量有所下降,但苎麻纤维的形貌未有明显变化。RF/APA6复合材料中苎麻纤维与树脂的界面结合良好,与APA6相比,复合材料的拉伸强度略有提高,拉伸模量和弯曲性能得到明显提升,同时热稳定性显著提高。     

芦苇纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

采用芦苇纤维填充聚氯乙烯,研究了芦苇纤维预处理、芦苇纤维含量、粒径大小对复合材料性能的影响。发现对芦苇纤维进行碱处理、偶联处理可提高复合材料的拉伸强度,但冲击强度略有下降;芦苇纤维含量的增加、粒径增大会使复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度下降。     

单向竹原纤维表面改性对其增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用碱处理、碱-偶联剂联合处理对竹原纤维进行表面改性,通过缝合-模压工艺制备了单向连续竹原纤维/不饱和聚酯树脂(BF/UP)复合材料。研究了不同表面改性方法对BF/UP复合材料静态、动态力学性能、吸水性能等的影响,并用SEM、红外光谱等技术研究了改性处理后纤维的表面及复合材料界面结合情况。结果表明:经过不同表面处理后BF/UP复合材料的性能均有所改善。当采用5wt%碱-3wt%偶联剂联合处理时,BF/UP复合材料综合性能最优,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度较未处理的分别提高了34.29%、15.95%、11.26%、29.39%;复合材料存储模量(33℃)较未处理的提高了63.80%,损耗因子有所降低;BF/UP复合材料24h、720h吸水率较未处理的分别减小了55.35%、27.32%。SEM和红外光谱结果表明,改性处理后竹原纤维表面杂质减少,附着了一层偶联剂膜,BF/UP复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合更好。     

碱处理对竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料性能影响研究

以NaOH溶液为改性剂对竹纤维进行碱处理,再与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备竹纤维/PLA可降解复合材料。探讨了NaOH溶液浓度、碱处理时间和碱处理温度对复合材料拉伸强度、抗弯强度和耐水性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对碱处理竹纤维的表面形貌进行了观测。结果表明,碱处理使竹纤维表面粗糙度增大,单纤维的强度提高,有效提高了与PLA基体的机械黏接力。但碱浓度过大、处理时间过长或处理温度过高时,纤维素分子链排列致密程度降低,整体纤维的力学性能下降。NaOH溶液浓度为3%,处理时间为4h,处理温度为60℃时,所制得竹纤维/PLA复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能和耐水性能均最佳。     

TDI改性苎麻纤维增强PE复合材料的性能

以苎麻原麻、纱线、苎麻粗绳、苎麻布为原料,用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)进行接枝改性,然后制备出不同苎麻纤维与树脂PE的复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子万能拉伸试验机等分析测试手段对复合材料力学性能和断口进行了测试分析。结果表明:苎麻纤维经过TDI接枝改性后,其复合材料界面性能明显改善。接枝后原麻/PE复合材料复合拉伸性能略有下降,而苎麻绳和苎麻布/PE复合材料拉伸性能明显提高。     

超混杂苎麻纤维增强铝复合材料(英文)

本文选取我国南北方均可种植的苎麻中的纤维作为复合材料的增强剂,观察了它的显微生物结构,并与竹、木相对比,将它的化学组成成分作了分析。结果表明,苎麻中的纤维素含量是三者中最高的。本文首次将苎麻纤维与铝薄板用环氧树脂复合,制成超混杂复合材料。对该材料的测试结果表明,其强度与所用的铝相比有明显提高,比强度、比刚度则大为提高,并且成本远低于铝,这种复合材料有望在工业上代替部分铝。     

Reinforcement of ramie fibers on regenerated cellulose films

All-cellulose composite films reinforced with ramie fibers were prepared from aqueous NaOH–urea solvent system via a simple pathway. The structure and physical properties of the modified ramie fibers and composite films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet–visible spectroscope, thermogravimetry, biodegradation tests and tensile tests. The results revealed that a good compatibility existed between the modified ramie fibers and cellulose matrix. The all-cellulose composite films exhibited high tensile strength, good optical transmittance, thermal stability, and biodegradability. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite films increased with an increase of the ramie fibers. These high-strength biodegradable films prepared by a “green” pathway have potential applications as packaging materials and biomaterials.     

Improvement of plant based natural fibers for toughening green composites—Effect of load application during mercerization of ramie fibers

Effect of mercerization to tensile properties of a ramie fiber was explored. Load application technique during mercerization has been employed in order to improve mechanical properties of the fiber. A chemical treatment apparatus with tensile loading portion for applying monofilaments was newly developed. The ramie fiber was alkali-treated by 15% NaOH solution with applied loads of 0.049 and 0.098 N. The results showed that tensile strength of the treated ramie fiber was improved, 4–18% higher than that of the untreated ramie fiber, while Young’s modulus of the treated fibers decreased. It should be noted that fracture strains of the treated ramie fiber drastically increased to 0.045–0.072, that is, twice to three times higher than those of the untreated ramie fiber. It was considered that such property improvements upon mercerization were correlated with change of morphological and chemical structures in microfibrils of the fiber. Finally, the plastic deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of the mercerized fibers under tensile loading process was explained using a schematic model.     

Effect of linear density and yarn structure on the mechanical properties of ramie fiber yarn reinforced composites

Effects of linear density and yarn structure on both static and dynamic mechanical properties of ramie fiber yarn reinforced composites (RYRCs) were investigated. The failure mechanisms of RYRCs were analyzed with the aid of ultrasonic C-scan and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the tensile strength of RYRCs increased gradually with increase of the linear density of the single yarns. The maximum tensile strength was obtained when the linear density reached 67.3 tex. However, a downtrend of the tensile strength was observed with further increase of the linear density of ramie single and plied yarns. The interlaminar fracture toughness was relatively high for RYRCs made from yarns with lower linear density due to the extensive fiber bridging observed during the double cantilever beam test. Meanwhile, the linear density and structure of ramie yarn had remarkable influence on the failure mode of RYRCs during the drop weight impact test.     

织物形式对苎麻纤维渗透率及其复合材料力学性能的影响

采用树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM)研究了三种典型苎麻纤维织物结构(平纹、 斜纹和缎纹)对树脂流动性的影响, 并研究了三种苎麻纤维织物结构对其增强酚醛树脂复合材料的拉伸性能和层间剪切性能的影响。结果表明, 苎麻纤维织物树脂渗透率主要受纤维屈曲和流道面积的影响。斜纹和缎纹苎麻织物的纤维屈曲较小且流道面积较大, 其织物的树脂渗透率较大, 同时, 较小的纤维屈曲使其增强的复合材料拉伸性能也较优。然而, 不同织物形式对苎麻纤维织物/树脂复合材料的层间性能影响不大。     

Permeability and mechanical properties of plant fiber reinforced hybrid composites

Plant fibers with small diameter generally possess high mechanical properties, while their permeability was relatively low compared to those with large diameter. By hybridizing these two kinds of plant fibers, a composite with both high permeability and good mechanical properties can be achieved. Here, permeability of jute/ramie and ramie fabrics were compared, regarding the flow rate of a vinyl ester resin during the Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding process; and mechanical properties of their composites were addressed thereafter. The faster flow rates of vinyl ester resin proved that jute/ramie fabrics were more permeable than pure ramie fabrics resulting from larger flow space and the greater capillary effect of jute fabrics. Both tensile strength and Charpy impact strength of the hybrid composites dropped slightly after hybridization due to the lower properties of jute than of ramie fiber as the properties of fiber dominated the failure mode. However, interlaminar shear strength remained, since the middle layer was far from the weak jute–ramie interface. The results implicated a method to improve the permeability of plant fiber reinforcement when manufacturing efficiency is considered in industrial application.     

Effect of fiber surface-treatments on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/ramie composites

Ramie fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by a two-roll mill. Ramie was treated by alkali and silane (3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane). Effect of surface treatment on the properties of the composites was studied. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of the composites have a significant improvement. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results show that the storage moduli of the composites with treated ramie increase with respect to the plain PLA and the composites with untreated fiber whereas tangent delta decreases. The Vicat softening temperature of the composites with treated fiber is greatly higher than that of the composites with untreated fiber. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that fiber treatment can improve the degradation temperature of the composites. Moreover, the morphology of fracture surface evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that surface treatment can get better adhesion between the fiber and the matrix.     

玻璃/苎麻纤维混杂复合材料力学性能研究

混杂纤维增强复合材料由于可以综合利用各种纤维的优点,极大的提高了复合材料的性能,拓展了复合材料的适用范围。本文采用玻璃纤维和苎麻纤维混杂酚醛树脂制备复合材料,研究了复合材料混杂比和铺层顺序对混杂纤维复合材料力学性能的影响。从结果可以看出,玻璃纤维和苎麻纤维的不同比例对混杂复合材料的力学性能有着显著的影响,而采用玻璃纤维作为芯层的时候可以获得较好的拉伸性能,采用苎麻纤维作为芯层的时候可以获得较好的弯曲和剪切性能。