PMMA包覆纳米氢氧化镁晶须的制备及研究

初步探索了甲基丙烯酸甲脂(MMA)与AA-Mg(OH)2的聚合反应过程,研究了AA-Mg(OH)2、MMA的用量对乳液聚合反应中单体转化率的影响。运用红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜对AA-Mg(OH)2和PMMA/AA-Mg(OH)2进行了表征,结果表明:MMA与AA-Mg(OH)2晶须表面发生了化学反应,形成了具有核壳结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆纳米氢氧化镁晶须复合材料,产物的粒径为100~500nm,聚合反应后复合粒子的形貌为球状。     

改性纳米氢氧化镁的制备与性能

采用液相沉淀法,在表面活性剂辅助作用下,合成收率为98%左右的改性纳米氢氧化镁。通过比表面积和表观密度测试结果确定最佳改性样品,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段对最佳样品结构形貌进行表征分析。结果表明:改性样品为六方晶系,分散性好,结晶度高。红外光谱分析表明:在氢氧化镁的制备过程中,表面活性剂吸附在样品表面。相对于未改性样品,改性样品沉降质量分数分别提高了31.2%、32.8%、30%,表明改性样品在非极性物质中有很好相容性。     

硫酸钙晶须制备过程中的表面改性研究

为了获得疏水性好的高品质硫酸钙晶须,以硬脂酸钠为表面改性剂对硫酸钙晶须在制备过程中的表面改性进行研究,考察硬脂酸钠的加入方式对硫酸钙晶须晶体生长及表面改性效果的影响。结果表明:在晶须生长之前,如果硬脂酸钠的质量分数大于0.02%,将导致硫酸钙晶体呈块状,长径比较小;晶须生长之后加入硬脂酸钠,能得到长径比较大的硫酸钙晶须产品;随着硬脂酸钠用量的增大,硫酸钙晶须的活化指数增大,改性效果更好;水热合成反应前、后加入改性剂硬脂酸钠对硫酸钙晶须产品的改性效果影响不大。     

氢氧化镁阻燃剂的表面改性

无机阻燃剂氢氧化镁具有众多优点，近年来广受人们的关注，本文综述了氢氧化镁的表面改性，对氢氧化镁常用的表面改性方法，表面改性剂的种类和最佳用量以及表面改性效果的评定作了详细的阐述。     

超细氢氧化镁的硅烷偶联剂表面改性

采用N-苯基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂对超细氢氧化镁进行了湿法表面改性,通过SEM、TGA-DSC和FT-IR分析改性机理,表明硅烷是以硅氧烷结构接枝到了氢氧化镁表面。并应用吸油率、沉降时间和氢氧化镁/液体石蜡悬浊液的粘度来表征改性效果,得出了硅烷湿法改性超细氢氧化镁的最佳用量为1.5%(质量分数)。改性氢氧化镁粉体的分散性和表面亲油性得到了明显的改善。     

硫酸钙晶须的表面改性研究现状

论述了偶联剂、表面活性剂和复合改性剂对硫酸钙晶须表面改性方法及改性机理的研究现状。硫酸钙晶须改性主要是利用改性剂与晶须表面存在的羟基、硫酸钙等发生反应,改变晶须在基体中的分散性、相容性和粘合强度等,从而使晶须达到较好的改性和应用效果。     

改性纳米氢氧化镁的制备与表征

采用易于工业化的液相沉淀法,在石油磺酸盐的作用下,合成改性纳米氢氧化镁。通过沉降体积实验确定改性剂的最佳用量为0.2%(质量分数)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附、堆密度分析等手段对改性前后样品进行表征分析。结果表明:改性后样品分散性好,结晶度高。红外光谱(FT-IR)和沉降实验结果表明:该方法可以使改性剂吸附在氢氧化镁颗粒表面,使氢氧化镁表面由亲水性变成亲油性,可提高氢氧化镁在有机介质中的分散稳定性。     

超细氢氧化镁阻粉体表面改性研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对超细氢氧化镁粉体进行表面改性,研究了偶联剂用量、时间、温度等因素对粉体改性效果的影响,并以活化指数作为衡量指标,获得了硅烷偶联剂对氢氧化镁表面改性的最佳工艺条件。能量色散谱仪(EDS)测试结果表明,改性后氢氧化镁表面结合了硅烷偶联剂;红外光谱显示,硅烷偶联剂与氢氧化镁之间形成了化学键。提出了硅烷偶联剂对氢氧化镁表面改性的机理。     

卵磷脂改性β型偏磷酸钙晶须研究

利用卵磷脂(PC)良好的生物相容性对β型偏磷酸钙晶须(β-CMP)进行表面改性,可得到具有较高强度的骨折内固定材料.通过测定接触角评价了改性β-CMP晶须的亲/疏水性,结果表明,经5%(wt)卵磷脂改性后晶须的疏水性优于未处理的晶须.研究了卵磷脂改性前后β-CMP晶须的形貌,表明引入表面改性剂可以提高晶须在PLLA中分散性能.材料的抗压强度测试结果显示改性后的β-CMP/PLLA材料强度比未改性材料提高了近33%.     

纳米氢氧化铝镁改性PVDF膜性能的研究

采用相转化法制备了纳米氢氧化铝镁/PVDF杂化膜,考察了纳米氢氧化铝镁的加入对膜的纯水通量、截留率、孔径、孔隙率、微观结构、机械性能、热稳定性和吸附性能的影响.并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线能谱(EDS)分析了膜表面和断面的元素含量.与不添加纳米氢氧化铝镁的PVDF膜性能对比,结果表明,纳米氢氧化铝镁的加入明显提高了膜的纯水通量、截留率、机械性能和吸附性能,而对膜的孔径和孔隙率影响不大.SEM和热重分析表明,纳米氢氧化铝镁的加入明显改变了膜的孔结构,其热性能却略有降低.     

磷酸三丁酯修饰Ti纳米晶须应用于吸附铀酰离子

采用纳米金红石型TiO₂为Ti源, 水热法合成了Ti纳米晶须, 将其表面负载磷酸三丁酯(TBP)制备出修饰Ti纳米晶须。用SEM、 TEM及傅里叶红外光谱仪对Ti纳米晶须及修饰Ti纳米晶须的形貌和结构进行表征, 分别研究了两种材料对铀离子的吸附性能, 考察了修饰Ti纳米晶须吸附铀的动力学及等温吸附模型。电镜表征结果表明, 水热温度为160 ℃成功合成出Ti纳米晶须, 其粒径范围为80~100 nm。吸附铀研究结果表明, 在3 mol/L NO-₃介质中修饰Ti纳米晶须表现出较高的吸附性能, 修饰Ti纳米晶须对铀的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学, 吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。将修饰Ti纳米晶须用于自来水中低浓度铀的回收, 结果较好。      

Agglomeration of magnesium oxide particles formed by the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide

The agglomeration process of MgO powder derived from Mg (OH)₂ was investigated at fixed temperatures of 600, 800, 900 and 1200° C; these temperatures were chosen as representative of four regions, i.e. below 600° C, 650 to 850° C, 850 to 1050°C and 1050 to 1200° C previously reported. At 600° C, coherent crystallites coalesced within the heating time of 60 min; on further heating till 300 min, the primary particles which consisted of crystallites grew rapidly. The original Mg (OH)₂ framework or pseudomorphs, composed of minute crystallites and primary particles, still remained in the powder. At 800° C, the pseudomorphs had disintegrated into fragments. The crystallite growth and primary particle growth were accelerated with increasing the heating times beyond 60 min. At 900° C, a further fragmentation of agglomerates occurred with increasing the heating times; the crystallite and primary particle growth in fragments brought about the pore coalescence. At 1200° C, the crystallite and primary particle growth proceeded with the coarsening of pores; on heating beyond 240 min, the crystallites and primary particles grew rapidly due to the entrapment of pores within them.     

Simple chemical preparation of CuS nanowhiskers

In this research article, we present the results concerning the characterization of copper sulfide nanowhiskers fabricated by a simple and cost effective chemical deposition method from aqueous solution. The chemically deposited copper sulfide nanowhiskers were investigated for their structural, surface morphological, compositional and optical characterizations.     

Agglomeration of magnesium oxide particles formed by the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide

Agglomeration of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles was studied by decomposing magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂). The properties of agglomerates varied according to the decomposition temperature region: (i) below 650° C, (ii) 650° C to 850° C, (iii) 850° C to 1050° C, and (iv) 1050° C to 1200°C. In region (i), the original Mg(OH)₂ frameworks or pseudomorphs remained in the powder and showed agglomeration. The strength of agglomerates containing the pesudomorphs was about 50 MPa; the primary particles in pseudomorphs are bonded chemically by the interaction of MgO and residual water. In region (ii) the pseudomorphs began to show some fragmentation: the bonding strength of these pseudomorphs reduced rapidly. In region (iii), both crystallite and primary particles were grown by the sintering; this growth may be due to an increase in contact area based on the collapse of pseudomorphs. The primary particles whose necks were grown by the sintering could be easily pulled apart by grinding. In region (iv) pore growth due to the rearrangement of primary particles caused the suppression of both densification rate and crystal growth of MgO.     

乳酸丁酯脱水制备丙烯酸及其丁酯的研究

以可再生的生物乳酸衍生物一乳酸丁酯为原料,在自制催化剂上考察了温度、压力、体积空速以及N2保护对反应的影响,得出较优化的反应条件:温度400～415℃,压力为常压,体积空速1.8h-1、N2保护(0.8L/h).优化条件下的实验结果:乳酸丁酯转化率达到76.1%,丙烯酸及其丁酯的总摩尔选择性达到72.5%.该工艺是对以可再生资源生产有价值基础化工原料的一种积极探索.     

Facile hydrothermal preparation of furcated PZT nanowhiskers

A facile synthesis route for furcated PZT nanowhiskers was developed by simple hydrothermal reactions under the assistance of PVA or blend of PAA and PVA. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the nanowhiskers. The nanowhiskers were over 70 μm in length and ca. 100 nm in width. Investigations on the samples in various concentration polymer showed that the polymer additives played an important role in controlling the morphology of crystals.     

丙烯酸修饰SiO2介孔材料的合成研究

以尿素为模板剂,丙烯酸为有机相,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,并通过高温烧结去除模板剂,制备丙烯酸修饰介孔材料.采用FTIR、TGA、XRD对合成材料进行表征.结果表明:制得了六角结构的介孔材料,同时在材料中引入了羧酸根.并考察了凝胶在烧结过程中的变化情况,以及探讨了有机相、模板剂、醇水比对介孔材料有序性的影响.     

Emulsion templating of poly (acrylic acid) by ammonium hydroxide/sodium hydroxide aqueous mixture for high-dispersed hollow silica nanoparticles

A water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, in which the water phase including poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), ammonium hydroxide (NH₃ aq.), and sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions (NaOH aq.) dispersed in ethanol (EtOH), was proposed for producing hollow silica nanoparticles. The PAA molecules with the NH₃-NaOH mixture are insoluble in EtOH and can be a template. When tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is added as a silica source, a silica shell is formed on the PAA-NH₃-NaOH template to form a core-shell particle and the addition of water removes the template to form hollow silica nanoparticles. The optimum volume ratio of 25% NH₃:1.0 M NaOH was 2:1 to obtain high-dispersed hollow silica nanoparticles. A thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the condensation force of the PAA molecules in the PAA-NH₃-NaOH template is similar to that in the PAA-NH₃ template. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis also showed that the electron densities in the PAA-NH₃-NaOH and PAA-NH₃ templates are similar. In the proposed PAA-NH₃-NaOH system, NH₃ aq. mainly contributes to form PAA condensation by an ionic interaction and NaOH aq. preferentially work as a sol-gel catalyst for the fast silica coating on the template surface.     

改性氢氧化镁的制备及在PA66中的阻燃应用

以氯化镁、氢氧化钠、尿素和硬脂酸钠为原料,采用沉淀法制备出改性氢氧化镁(MH)粉末材料。结果表明,制备的MH为无规则的、粒径为30～120nm的,且至少有一维是纳米结构的片状材料。在应用方面,采用熔融挤出法制备了多组不同配方的尼龙66(PA66)复合材料。研究发现,MH单独使用时阻燃效率低,将它与微胶囊红磷(MRP)复配使用后能有效地提高材料的阻燃性能。当x(PA66)∶x(MRP)∶x(MH)=100(phr)∶10(phr)∶8(phr)时,MRP/MH/PA66复合材料的垂直燃烧为V-0级,LOI能达到32%。此外,还探讨了可能的阻燃机理,并通过TG、TG-MS等手段研究了材料的热氧稳定性及热氧分解气态产物。