钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗弹丸侵彻效应试验研究与分析

钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗常规武器侵彻效应问题，是防护工程界亟待解决的一个崭新课题。为研究这种新型防护材料的抗侵彻性能，利用Φ12.7mm弹道炮-测速靶系统对混凝土及钢纤维混凝土进行了弹道冲击对比试验，获得了弹丸着靶速度及对应的最大侵彻深度、弹坑直径、靶体破坏形态等试验参数，并利用高速摄影系统记录了靶体的动态破坏过程。针对现有经验公式均不能反映钢纤维混凝土材料高韧性影响的不足，引入钢纤维混凝土材料韧度R，对试验数据进行了回归分析，导出了侵彻深度工程计算公式。计算结果与试验数据对比表明，预估公式计算精度较高，公式中相关参数简单易于确定，且能反映钢纤维混凝土的高强高韧性特点，在实际工程应用中具有重要的参考价值。     

弹体冲击效应试验的数值模拟分析

为了对刚玉块石混凝土抗弹体冲击性能进行机理性研究,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对弹体冲击混凝土和刚玉块石混凝土试验进行了数值模拟,形象展现了弹体冲击作用下,混凝土和刚玉块石混凝土靶体破碎、飞溅成坑和背面震塌等现象,真实再现了弹体在混凝土和刚玉块石混凝土中冲击、破坏的物理过程,计算结果与试验宏观破坏现象和高速录像数据吻合良好,说明材料模型和参数正确,模拟方法可行。     

Depth of penetration of high-speed penetrator with including the effect of mass abrasion

Mass abrasion is observed on the nose of projectile when a projectile strikes concrete target at high velocity. To evaluate the influence of the mass abrasion on the depth of penetration (DOP) limit, the relationship between the nose factor of the residual projectile after abrasion and the initial impact velocity is suggested according to the experimental data. Based on the dynamic cavity expansion theory, with considering the effects of varying nose factor and mass of projectile, a modified model is proposed to calculate the depth of penetration of kinetic energy penetrator. The model predicts that a theoretical maximum DOP exists due to the mass abrasion of the projectile. The model is checked by the different experimental data.     

The penetration of rigid long rods – revisited

The penetration process of rigid long rods with different nose shapes (ogive, spherical, conical and flat) is analyzed through a series of 2D numerical simulations. Aluminum and steel targets with different strengths (and large dimensions) are used to follow the deceleration process of these rods from impact, at different velocities, to the final penetration point. We find that for low impact velocities the deceleration of these rods is practicably constant, depending only on the strength of the target and the nose shape of the rod. Above a threshold (critical) impact velocity rod deceleration becomes velocity dependent due to the inertial response of the target. These critical velocities depend on the strength of the target and the nose shape of the rod. These observations led us to propose a simple penetration formula which accounts very well for penetration depths data for rigid steel rods with different nose shapes, impacting various aluminum targets at velocities up to about 1.5 km/s. For higher impact velocities, where the dynamic (inertial) contribution to the target resistance is important, we find good agreement between our model predictions and the simulation results for final penetration depths.     

Modifications of RHT material model for improved numerical simulation of dynamic response of concrete

Sophisticated numerical models are increasingly used to analyze complex physical processes such as concrete structures subjected to high-impulsive loads. Among other influencing factors for a realistic and reliable analysis, it is essential that the material models are capable of describing the material behaviour at the pertinent scale level in a realistic manner. One of the widely used concrete material models in impact and penetration analysis, the RHT model, covers essentially all macro features of concrete-like materials under high strain rate loading. However, the model was found to exhibit undesirable performance under certain loading conditions and some of the modeling issues have been discussed within a recent review paper by the authors. The present paper provides a more in-depth evaluation of the RHT model and proposes modifications to the model formulation to enhance the performance of the model as implemented in the hydrocode AUTODYN. The modifications include Lode-angle dependency of the residual strength surface, tensile softening law and the dynamic tensile strength function. The improvement of the performance of the modified RHT model is demonstrated using numerical sample tests, and further verified via simulations of two series of physical experiments of concrete penetration/perforation by steel projectiles. The results demonstrate an overall improvement of the simulation with the modified RHT model. In particular, the depth of penetration, projectile exit velocity and the crater size are predicted more favourably as compared to the test data. It is also shown that the modeling of the concrete tensile behaviour can affect sensibly the predicted perforation response (e.g., the projectile exit velocity), as is generally expected when the impact velocity exceeds the ballistic limit.     

结构参数对截锥弹低速正侵彻装甲靶的影响

采用数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,对截锥形动能弹低速正侵彻装甲靶作用行为进行了分析,获得了弹头锥角、前级半径和着靶速度对侵彻性能的影响特性,并对目前常用的侵彻理论模型进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明,弹头锥角和前级半径是影响截锥形动能弹侵彻性能的重要因素;着靶速度对侵彻深度和侵彻过载有显著影响,对弹体变形也有一定影响。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,而侵彻理论模型与实验结果有较大差别,侵彻模型并不适合分析存在一定变形的弹靶侵彻问题。     

Numerical simulation method for elastic-plastic dynamic response for hypervelocity impact phenomena

This study presents a time-dependent numerical method for impact in planar or cylindrical symmetry. We use Eulerian finite-difference scheme, Tilloston's Metallic Equation of state, von Mises Yield criterion, for calculating the large deformation of elastic-plastic high velocity impact. Failure, cavitation and melting of solids are accounted for. The present model treats the formation and evolution of a crater, the deformation of the projectile and the deformation and dynamical response of the target. A two-stage gas gun was employed to experimentally study the phenomena of hypervelocity impact. Good agreement is obtained between the present computational results and craters obtained in experiments of polyethylene/aluminium impacts. The relation of crater shape and penetration depth to dynamic parameters of the projectile and the target is discussed. The Multi Purpose Graphics System (MPGS) is used to describe the calculation results with color graphics.     

Normal penetration of an eroding projectile into an elastic–plastic target

The main objective of the present work is to describe normal penetration of a deformable projectile into an elastic–plastic target. The force imposed on the projectile by the target is generally a complex function of the strength of the target material, the projectile velocity, its diameter and shape, as well as the instantaneous penetration depth. When this force exceeds a certain critical value the projectile begins to deform. At moderate-to-high values of the impact velocity, the projectile's tip material flows plastically with large deformations causing the formation of a mushroom-like configuration. This process is accompanied by erosion of the projectile material. In the rear (“elastic”) part of the projectile the deformations remain small and the region can be approximated as a rigid body being decelerated by the projectile's yield stress. The general model allows one to predict the penetration depth, the projectile's eroded length and the crater diameter. It has been shown that in the limit of very high impact velocities the present model reduces to the well-known form of the hydrodynamic theory of shaped-charge jets. Also, a simplified asymptotic formula for the crater radius has been derived which includes the effect of the target's yield stress and compares well with experimental data for very high impact velocities.     

刚性尖头弹扩孔贯穿金属靶板理论模型的讨论

针对延性扩孔破坏模式,讨论了刚性尖头弹贯穿韧性金属靶板的已有六个理论模型(F-W、C-L、JZG、WHM、S-W和JBL)对于靶板厚度和弹头形状的适用范围,统一了各模型参数的选取准则,分别给出了JZG模型尖锥头形和尖卵头形弹体半锥角和无量纲曲率半径(CRH)的适用范围。基于12组冲击速度为200~1 600 m/s,厚径比(靶体厚度与弹身直径之比H/d)为0.605~9.17的多种弹靶材料的穿甲实验,得出:对于尖锥头形弹体贯穿靶板后的残余速度,S-W和WHM、JZG、F-W模型分别对于较薄靶板、中等厚度靶板和较厚靶板的预测效果较好;而对于尖卵头形弹体,WHM和JBL模型预测效果较好。同时,各模型对于弹道极限预测效果的结论和残余速度一致。分析结论可为坦克、舰船等单、多层金属装甲防护结构设计与计算提供参考和依据。     

Deep penetration of a non-deformable projectile with different geometrical characteristics

A general non-dimensional formula based on the dynamic cavity-expansion model is proposed to predict penetration depth into several mediums subjected to a normal impact of a non-deformable projectile. The proposed formula depends on two dimensionless numbers and shows good agreement with penetration tests on metal, concrete and soil for a range of nose shapes and impact velocities. The validity of the formula requires that the penetration depth is larger than the projectile diameter and the projectile nose length while projectile remains rigid without noticeable deformation and damage.