“制造强国”的战略路径研究及初步分析

通过比较和借鉴主要工业化发达国家四项核心要素(一级指标)对提升制造业的经验,分析我国存在的差距,探索"制造强国"进程路径的普遍规律,测算我国制造业达到强国水平的发展速度和目标。并基于18个二级指标的差异分析,提出我国在实现"制造强国"的进程中政策建议。     

“制造强国”评价指标体系构建及初步分析

制造业是实体经济的主体、国民经济的支柱。本文描述了我国制造业"大而不强"的现实状况,借鉴国内外制造业产业评价体系的研究经验,确定了"制造强国"的内涵和特征,构建了包括四个一级指标和18个二级指标在内的"制造强国"综合评价体系,并以此为基础,对中国和其他几个国家的制造业指标横向对比进行了初步分析。     

代表委员说标准

正政协常委李毅中:制定工业化指标体系不宜再拖日前,全国政协常委、经济委员会副主任、工业和信息化部原部长、中国工业经济联合会会长李毅中在作政协全体大会发言时认为,要根据国情,通过深入调查研究,结合"十二五"规划执行情况评估、"十三五"规划的制定,尽快提出可测评、可考核、可达到的量化指标体系,客观准确反映中国特色新型工业化的实现程度和水平,不宜再拖。目前,国际上衡量工业化程度主要有4项相关指标,即人均国内生产总值、工业化率、三次产业结构和就业结构、     

中国技工短缺的原因及对策

目前,中国正处于工业化快速发展和深化阶段,对高级技能人才的需求呈现出日益强劲的势头。本文主要分析了我国技工短缺的原因,并提出了对策。     

代表委员说标准

<正>政协常委李毅中:制定工业化指标体系不宜再拖日前,全国政协常委、经济委员会副主任、工业和信息化部原部长、中国工业经济联合会会长李毅中在作政协全体大会发言时认为,要根据国情,通过深入调查研究,结合"十二五"规划执行情况评估、"十三五"规划的制定,尽快提出可测评、可考核、可达到的量化指标体系,客观准确反映中国特色新型工业化的实现程度和水平,不宜再拖。目前,国际上衡量工业化程度主要有4项相关指标,即人均国内生产总值、工业化率、三次产业结构和就业结构、     

民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化安全验证方法

工业化安全验证制度是一项旨在提高民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化生产安全性的新制度。目前,国内已有4项民爆物品生产新工艺新装备通过了工业化安全验证,但存在的主要问题是验证指标由项目专家组确定,未形成统一的验证方法和标准。在回顾工业化安全验证制度建立和实践应用基础上,设计了一种民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化安全验证方法,它是一个由4个一级指标、9个二级指标和19个三级指标组成的量化验证指标体系,实例应用效果表现出较高的科学性和适用性。     

民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化安全验证方法

工业化安全验证制度是一项旨在提高民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化生产安全性的新制度。目前,国内已有4项民爆物品生产新工艺新装备通过了工业化安全验证,但存在的主要问题是验证指标由项目专家组确定,未形成统一的验证方法和标准。在回顾工业化安全验证制度建立和实践应用基础上,设计了一种民爆物品生产新工艺新装备工业化安全验证方法,它是一个由4个一级指标、9个二级指标和19个三级指标组成的量化验证指标体系,实例应用效果表现出较高的科学性和适用性。     

积极鼓励信息化工业化融合提升传统工业

根据9月14日在京发布的《“两化”融合蓝皮书》,我国正在积极鼓励信息化、工业化融合,推广集成制造、精益制造、柔性制造等先进生产制造方式,加快工业化发展升级,促进工业经济向信息经济转变。     

浅析模块化集成冷水机房工厂化预制现场快速拼装技术

模块化集成冷水机房通过BIM设计、工厂化制造、整体运输和现场快速拼装,极大地提高了现场施工劳动效率和施工质量,促进了安装工程工业化和信息化施工要求。本文结合八个项目的实际案例和施工经验,介绍了模块化集成冷水机房的特点、工艺流程、操作要点和效益分析。     

战略性新兴产业引领“中国制造”转型

<正>技术含量较低、缺乏世界级品牌、主要靠低成本进入国际产业链低端的传统"中国制造"正逐步丧失原有优势,面临着转型升级的压力。与此同时,伴随全球经济复苏,美国提出再工业化和制造业重新崛起,南美、东欧区域"近客户制造"转移趋势显著,制造业领域的技术、市场竞争将不断加剧。如果不尽快转变发展模式、调整结构,"中国制     

Changes in manufacturing facility-, network-, and strategy-types at the Michelin North America Company from 1950 to 2014

Large manufacturing firms operate networks of facilities which they design to achieve particular manufacturing strategies. Facilities, networks and strategies are of several distinct types. The facility-, network- and strategy-types used by a firm depend on the competitive environment in which a firm operates. This paper examines the facility-, network- and strategy-types used by the Michelin North America Company during the period from 1950 to 2014. The examination shows how three changes in the competitive environment (changes in tariffs and government industrial policy, the 1964 Canada – United States Automotive Trade Agreement, and the 1996 North American Free Trade Agreement) triggered significant changes in these types. The examination produces insights into categorisations of facility-, network- and strategy-types that are useful for understanding how large firms operate, how we can predict what changes large firms will make to their facilities, network and strategy and how stakeholders such as employees, suppliers and governments can manage the risks of working with large firms.     

Setting manufacturing strategy for a company's international manufacturing network

Manufacturing strategy is a plan for moving a company from where it is to where it wants to be. Determining the best manufacturing strategy is not easy because of the wide range of choices and constraints a company faces. Manufacturing strategy frameworks or models are helpful because they identify the objects that comprise manufacturing strategy and organise these objects into a structure that enables a company to understand and use the objects to develop strategy. This paper examines a company's international manufacturing network. It identifies and examines six manufacturing strategy objects (generic international strategies, manufacturing networks, network manufacturing outputs, network levers, network capability, and factory types), linkages between objects, and the manufacturing strategy framework that follows from these objects and linkages. Then the paper applies the framework to the manufacturing networks of three companies in the global steel industry: Arcelor (Luxembourg), Mittal (India), and Dofasco (Canada).     

Virtual fusion: a hybrid environment for improved commissioning in manufacturing systems

Efficiency and quality are major factors contributing to profits in manufacturing systems. Production downtime occurs during commissioning of a new system, adoption of new processes, system faults, or (un)planned maintenance; all of which result in reduced production and profit loss. Current techniques for evaluating change to a manufacturing system rely on simulation and modeling to verify processes, but ignore the physical interactions of the work parts on the system. Implementation techniques to evaluate commissioning focus on identifying issues with the cyber interfaces, ignoring the physical interfaces. To validate the cyber and physical interfaces simultaneously, physical work are sent through the system, resulting in significant costs from scrapped work parts and loss of production time. This research proposes a virtual fusion environment where the physical interfaces between a virtual work part and a manufacturing system can be investigated in real-time, on the physical system, without the expenses associated with physical work parts. The virtual environment includes a virtual fusion filter to monitor discrepancies between the physical and virtual systems, and generate a hybrid virtual-physical input signal to the system level controller for virtualisation of a work part onto a physical system. Experimental demonstrations validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

A heuristic for designing manufacturing focus units with resource considerations

This paper presents a model of the plant-within-a-plant (PWP) design problem and demonstrates a heuristic for analysing the problem. Although the benefits of a manufacturing focus have been articulated in the literature, methods for implementation with consideration for resource requirements have not been developed previously. In this study, we discuss the importance of including resource considerations and propose a methodology that can help managers arrive at a facility design with a high degree of focus and minimum resource needs. A heuristic is developed that incorporates the concept of order-winning criteria and volume into the focus design. The heuristic not only recognises the effects of conflicting manufacturing tasks, but also considers resource costs and material flows between PWP units. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology offers managers the opportunity to generate and assess alternative PWP designs, which are otherwise unavailable. Overall, this research provides an analytical framework for further research in focused manufacturing.     

Additive manufacturing management: a review and future research agenda

Based on the phenomenal changes that additive manufacturing (AM) has brought to industries and markets, managerial approaches should be re-examined and developed to take advantage of emerging opportunities. This revolutionary technology is dramatically changing business and innovation models, shrinking supply chains and altering the global economy. For example, 3D printing shifts production locations closer to customers and leads to free-form product design as well as sustainable manufacturing. Several studies have been conducted on AM technology, but the research stream on AM management is still developing, with studies dispersed in journals across different research areas. Our study presents both systematic and quantitative analyses of the literature, including co-citation analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling, to explore the structure of the AM research domains in the scope of management, business and economics. We found eight main research streams: AM technology selection, supply chain, product design and production cost models, environmental aspects, strategic challenges, manufacturing systems, open-source innovation and business models and economics. Finally, based on the results of our in-depth analysis of the literature, we found nine promising future research directions.     

中国制造业发展的成就、经验与问题研究

改革开放30多年来,中国制造业建立起完善的和具有国际竞争力的现代制造业体系、在世界制造格局中占有举足轻重的地位。中国制造业发展成就的取得归功于坚持改革开放政策、保持稳定的社会经济环境、建设完善的公共基础设施、发挥地方政府的积极性和高度重视创新和科技进步。制约中国制造业进一步转型升级的体制、机制和政策问题仍然存在。     

Lean and green combine to impact environmental and operational performance

We assess the antecedent link between lean and green practices and assess the combined impact of lean and green practices on both environmental and operational performance. A lean and green practices performance model is proposed that incorporates lean and green practices as antecedents to both environmental and operational performance. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse data collected from a sample of 182 manufacturing managers in U.S. plants. We found that lean manufacturing practices are positively associated with environmental performance and operational performance and that green supply chain management practices are positively associated with environmental performance and environmental performance is positively associated with operational performance. No support was found for the idea that green supply chain management practices are positively associated with operational performance. While lean practices were found to directly affect environmental performance, the indirect effect of lean practices on environmental performance through green practices is stronger, indicating complementarity.     

Algorithm for converting 3D objects into rolls using spiral coordinate system

The article reports about the algorithm of converting objects into a flat ribbon in the process of roll powder sintering (RPS) additive manufacturing technology. The main idea of the author is to conform the transformation of spiral of Archimedes to 3D space. This algorithm is based on linear rolling effect. It is well known that any plane can be transformed into a roll and, in this way, the third dimension appears. Thus, two-dimensional space and height provide the conformity between (x, y, z) and (l, z) coordinates. This work describes how the algorithm of precise transformation of a 3D object to a flat ribbon, using the spiral coordinate system, has been designed and implemented with a varied layer thickness, a winding axle and resolution. The algorithm has been extensively tested with the help of several parts of computer aided design models based on the RPS process.     

A linear algorithm for conformal 3D-to-flatness coordinates conversion

Data conversion from a 3D raster to spiral coordinates is the key function in the scanning process for Roll Powder Sintering (RPS) additive manufacturing technology. Conversion process is especially important, as it produces the basis for a processed object. There are many equations for such conformal transformation, but there is still room to improve the computation efficiency. This paper presents an efficient conversion algorithm, which processes 3D objects and linear transforming it into rolling ribbon. The new algorithm has several significant advantages over the old ones due to applying only one main linear equation. The program based on the linear algorithm is simpler, more compact and faster in comparison to other programs which use trigonometric, transcendental or other equations. The proposed algorithm has been developed and extensively tested on several parts of computer-aided design models for RPS processing.     

一种新型生产组织方式——小组作业法

本文介绍了一种新发展起来的适时生产技术,即在国外企业中已大量应用的适应当今小批量、多品种的市场需求和符合以人为本的管理思想的生产组织方式－－小组作业法。还介绍了如何实施小组作业法,并举例说明小组作业和流水线作业的特点和优劣。