再入式光纤陀螺及其信号处理系统

光纤陀螺目前已经进入工程实用化阶段,其发展向高精度、低成本和小型化方向发展.再入式光纤陀螺是一种符合光纤陀螺发展趋势的,具有光明前景的新型光纤陀螺之一.本文介绍了再入式光纤陀螺的工作原理及其信号处理系统.给出了再入式光纤陀螺仪的信号处理系统试验结果.     

Sagnac效应在连续波腔衰荡微量气体浓度测量系统中的应用

基于环形光路的Sagnac效应及腔衰荡测量技术原理,本文提出了一种新型的连续波腔闲置不用衰荡微量气体浓度测量系统.系统中利用环形光路的Sagnac效应,将光纤环作为一个等效反射镜,与高反射率镜形成衰荡腔,实现衰荡腔的反射率可调,从而降低系统对入射光强度的要求,对信号处理提供了条件.在此基础上,文中对环形光路Sagnac...     

布里渊光纤环形激光器与布里渊光纤陀螺

布里渊光纤环形激光器具有增益方向性敏感、超窄线宽等极为鲜明的特点,在高精度传感、激光测量等领域具有很大的应用潜力。基于同腔布里渊光纤环形激光器的布里渊光纤陀螺（BFOG）以其灵敏度高、可靠性好等显著优势已成为下一代光纤陀螺的重要发展方向。介绍布里渊光纤环形激光器的工作原理并对BFOG的研究进展作以综述,指出其应用研究中急需突破的技术问题。     

再入式光纤陀螺实用化技术研究

再入式光纤陀螺（Re—FOG）使相互干涉的两路光循环进入光纤环,通过缩短光纤长度克服温度和应力引起的误差。本文研究了再入武光纤陀螺实用化的相关技术;提出了一种采用脉冲相位调制的信号检测方法;设计了专门的数据通讯模块。实验结果表明：所提出的信号检测方法可分离出所需循环次数的信号并解算出陀螺转速;所设计的通讯模块能保证实现陀螺与导航计算机之间的快速、稳定、准确的数据传送。再入式光纤陀螺可成为实用化的新型光纤陀螺。     

布里渊光纤陀螺光纤环形腔研究

提出了一种用于布里渊光纤陀螺的光纤环形腔设计方法。在分析了布里渊光纤陀螺原理的基础上,利用琼斯矩阵光学的理论以及光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论,详细研究了布里渊光纤环形腔的特性。通过对腔内外光强的细致分析,得出布里渊光纤陀螺环形腔对于腔的耦合系数及输入光强的要求。实验结果表明,该方法用于设置布里渊光纤陀螺工作点,能够保证斯托克斯光的最大传输效率,并有效抑制光路中的散粒噪声。     

反射式Sagnac型光纤宽带大电流测量仪的研制与性能评估

为解决大型装备电焊和电镀装置的大电流量值传递及在线校准的难题,研制了一种反射式Sagnac型光纤电流互感器样机(光纤宽带大电流测量仪)。采用了线性双折射抑制、温敏变比自补偿、数字闭环信号检测等关键技术,对柔性光纤敏感头进行了优化设计。对样机进行了主要技术性能验证测试,试验结果表明,在所述试验条件下的测量准确度优于±0.2%,温度、振动、磁场变化下变比误差皆小于±0.2%,频率响应1kHz衰减0.14%,-3dB带宽大于10kHz,验证了测量仪的可靠性及在线校准大电流的适用性。样机测量结果的相对扩展不确定度为0.10%,测量仪的精度等级达到了0.2级。     

基于Sagnac环形滤波器的多波长掺铥光纤激光器

为了实现2μm波段多波长激光输出,提出并设计了一种基于Sagnac环形滤波结构的多波长掺铥光纤激光器.激光器由波长793 nm的泵浦源、波分复用器、光纤耦合器、保偏光纤、掺铥光纤以及偏振控制器构成,其中Sagnac环形滤波器以及光纤环形镜作为激光器的反射端.实验中,激光器工作阈值为77.5 m W,通过调节偏振控制器,实现了稳定的单波长激光输出.波长为1 852.8 nm的单波长激光输出时,在50 min监测时间内波长最大漂移为0.1 nm,功率最大漂移为0.252 d B,激光3 d B线宽和信噪比分别为0.3 nm和35.7 d B.通过调节偏振控制器,在1 850~1 900 nm光谱范围内实现了1~4波长的激光输出.     

太阳能微功耗光纤传感器式电流互感器

介绍了太阳能微功耗光纤传感器电流互感器的工本原理。该电流互感器具有微功耗的探测部分且以太 为其能源，从而实现了光纤传感系统的“无源”化。     

高速测量型全光纤电流互感器

常规特高压直流系统对全光纤电流互感器的响应时间要求小于400μs,而在柔性多端换流站中对其响应时间要求小于100μs,这对全光纤电流互感器的信号处理速度及测量精度提出了更高的要求.本文基于全光纤电流互感器测量原理及采样对象关键特征的研究,从采样频率、闭环控制电路增益、噪声抑制、通讯带宽等方面提出了一种测量精度高、响应速度快的全光纤电流互感器设计方法.并基于此方案设计样机进行了阶跃响应及准确度的实验验证,测得该样机总响应时间不超过40μs,且在(10～600)％额定电流下的测量误差不超过0.1％.     

基于光学互易回路的全光纤电流互感器的研究与应用

针对传统有源电磁式互感器易饱和、稳定性与抗干扰能力差、安装受限等问题,本文基于Faraday磁光效应,设计了一种无源全光纤电流互感器,通过旋光角来测量被测电流;设计互感器以HB Spun光纤作为传感元件,无饱和现象,可用于大电流测量;利用光学互易回路,消除光路中温度、光纤缺陷等因素对旋光角测量的干扰;采用反射式光路将电场引起的旋光角放大4倍,实现小电流的精确测量;传感元件采用柔性传感光纤环结构,形状可变,适应复杂空间内电流的测量。对比了不同圈数的柔性光纤传感环与标准电流互感器的测量精度,结果表明,本文设计的光学互易回路可以消除温度对电流测量的影响,全光纤电流互感器在-5℃~70℃全温度范围内精度为0.5,可实现小电流的精确测量。     

New interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with amplified optical feedback

A novel interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with amplified optical feedback by an Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and theoretically investigated (the proposed gyroscope is named the feedback EDFA-FOG, FE-FOG in what follows). The FE-FOG functions like a resonant fiber-optic gyro (R-FOG) because of its multiple utilization of the Sagnac loop; however, it is completely different because a low-coherence light source is used. In addition, the gyro output signal is pulsed because the modulation frequency of the phase modulator placed in the Sagnac loop is selected to match the total round-trip time delay of the light, which includes the Sagnac-loop delay plus that of the feedback loop of the fiber amplifier. The sharpness of the output pulse can be adjusted by both the gain of an EDFA and the modulation depth of the phase modulator. When rotation occurs the peak position of the output pulse is shifted as a result of the Sagnac effect. The resolution of the rotation measurement depends on the sharpness of the output pulse. The techniques of both the open-loop and closed-loop methods are described in detail, which shows the great advantage of the proposed gyroscope over the to the conventional interferometric fiber-optical gyroscope (I-FOG).     

单轴光纤陀螺光学结构的研究与实现

针对实际系统中的单轴干涉式光纤陀螺仪结构与稳定性问题,提出将Lyot消偏器引入到陀螺光学结构中,新结构在不改变原陀螺光路高精度特性的基础上,使系统输入极低偏振度的自然光,提高了单轴光纤陀螺的精度和稳定性.利用琼斯矩阵与干涉矩阵建立了单轴干涉式光纤陀螺的系统模型,对该陀螺的输出及零点偏移情况进行了仿真分析和实验研究.结果表明,该设计结构在提高了陀螺系统的精度与稳定性的同时,还在一定程度上降低了系统对光源偏振度的要求.     

对称复位调制技术在小型化光纤陀螺中的应用

2π复位调制是光纤陀螺全数字闭环处理技术的一个重要环节。由于小型化Y波导的半波电压提高,小型化光纤陀螺的调制信号达不到2π复位的要求。通过分析闭环复位的原理,提出了一种新的对称复位调制技术,成功实现了小型化光纤陀螺的复位调制闭环控制。     

Evaluation of fiber optic sensors for remote health monitoring of bridge structures

Health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems has recently emerged as a powerful tool for condition assessment of structural performance. With the widespread use of modern telecommunication technologies, structures could be monitored periodically from a central station located several miles away from the field. Sensors are placed at several critical locations along the structure, and send structural information to the central station. This remote capability allows immediate damage detection, so that necessary actions that ensure public safety are taken. The goal of this research work is to evaluate the use of Fiber Optic sensing technology as a tool for structural health monitoring. To perform this task, a case study involving installation of Fiber Optic Sensors on a selected bridge structure during its construction phase was conducted. The bridge is located in the state of Florida, USA and is considered the first smart structure in this state. Static and Dynamic testing of the bridge were performed using loaded SU4 trucks. A 3-dimensional analytical finite element model of the bridge was developed and its results were compared to the test data. The study confirmed the accuracy of the sensors in estimating the bridge behavior under heavy truck loads. In addition, the sensors were connected to a data acquisition system permanently installed on-site. The acquisition system could be accessed through remote communication, which permits the evaluation of the bridge behavior under live traffic loads. Currently, live structural data under traffic loading is being transmitted continuously to the central maintenance office. The study revealed that the proposed health monitoring technology will enable practical, cost-effective, and reliable maintenance of bridge structures.     

Precision stabilization of the optical frequency in a large ring laser gyroscope

Pressure-induced fractional changes of 10(-7) in the geometry of a large He-Ne ring laser gyroscope induce backscatter phase changes and thus a fractional pulling of the Sagnac frequency of ~5 x 10(-3). To counter this, the optical frequency was stabilized against an iodine-stabilized laser with a high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer and piezoelectric control of the ring perimeter. This scheme, although limited in principle by residual geometric asymmetry and in practice by low beam powers (10 pW), stabilized the perimeter to 2.4 nm (6 x 10(-10) or 300 kHz for the optical frequency) and the Sagnac frequency to 100 parts per million over several days.     

Analysis of polarization properties of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope

We investigated the polarization characteristics of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (MLPLG) formed with a Nd-doped fiber as an optical gain medium and a Sagnac loop mirror. The output pulse patterns and the polarization states were found to be determined by fiber birefringence in the different sections of the MLPLG. We describe the conditions for the MLPLG to operate with automatic reciprocity leading to the possibility of phase-error-free operation.     

Fiber-optic gyroscope with suppression of excess noise from the radiation source

A new optical system is proposed and investigated experimentally for a Sagnac fiber interferometer in which the excess noise of the wide-band radiation source is suppressed. A tenfold improvement in the sensitivity of a fiber-optic gyroscope with an erbium/ytterbium fiber superfluorescent light source was achieved experimentally. It is shown that the identity of the polarization characteristics of the interferometer channels plays an important role. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 30–35 (September 26, 1998)     

Design and operation of a very large ring laser gyroscope

The design and initial operation of a vertical square He-Ne ring laser G0 with a perimeter of 14 m is discussed. This builds on earlier demonstrations of the feasibility of large ring lasers (perimeter approximately 4 m) for single-mode gyroscope operation and with lesser pulling than navigation gyroscopes. With servoing of the rf excitation to yield single-mode operation, G0 gave a quality factor 1 x 10(12) and a Sagnac line with a frequency of 287.8 +/- 1.0 Hz induced by Earth rotation Omega(E). This has confirmed some vital questions over the feasibility of very large gyroscopes for geodetic measurements at the level of 10(-9) Omega(E).     

高精度光纤陀螺信号的在线建模与滤波

针对高精度光纤陀螺随机误差,在分析其一般时间序列模型的基础上,提出了一种改进型二阶自回归AR(2)模型,可以在线建立光纤陀螺随机误差模型.根据该模型,采用卡尔曼滤波算法,实现了光纤陀螺惯导系统在对准与导航过程中光纤陀螺随机误差的实时滤波.滤波结果和Allan方差分析证明,光纤陀螺信号中角随机游走、零偏不稳定性、速率随机游走、速率斜坡和量化噪声五项噪声源误差系数都小于滤波前的二分之一,有效减小了光纤陀螺随机误差,提高了光纤陀螺精度.