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模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中空结构材料具有低密度、高比表面积、可以容纳客体分子等特点被广泛用于环境保护、生物医药、电子等领域。模板法具有简单、重复率高、预见性好等诸多优点, 在制备中空结构材料的过程中被广泛采用。根据所使用模板性质的不同, 模板法又可分为传统模板法和自模板法两类。本文对模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进行了综述, 首先阐述了硬模板法和软模板法两种传统模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展, 并在此基础上重点综述和评价了奥斯特瓦尔德熟化法、柯肯达尔效应法、电化学置换法和化学刻蚀法四种自模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展, 最后, 对模板法制备中空结构材料的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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聚合物多孔材料因具有高孔隙率、低密度、比表面积大等特点受到了人们的广泛关注,而目前聚合物多孔材料大多以高内相乳液模板法来制备,文中主要针对高内相乳液模板法所用乳化剂,分别介绍了小分子乳化剂、固体乳化剂、嵌段共聚物乳化剂对制备的聚合物多孔材料孔结构的影响,并简要介绍了以高内相乳液为模板制备的聚合物多孔材料在吸附、催化等领域的应用。 相似文献
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聚合物多孔材料因具有高孔隙率、低密度、比表面积大等特点受到了人们的广泛关注,而目前聚合物多孔材料大多以高内相乳液模板法来制备,文中主要针对高内相乳液模板法所用乳化剂,分别介绍了小分子乳化剂、固体乳化剂、嵌段共聚物乳化剂对制备的聚合物多孔材料孔结构的影响,并简要介绍了以高内相乳液为模板制备的聚合物多孔材料在吸附、催化等领域的应用。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的综述纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用研究。方法总结国内外纳米纤维素在包装领域的最新研究,简述纳米纤维素的制备方法与特性,详细介绍纳米纤维素在生物质薄膜材料、生物质发泡材料、缓释抗菌材料和纸张中的应用研究,以及纳米纤维素功能性材料在包装中的研究进展,并讨论纳米纤维素应用在食品包装中的安全问题。结果纳米纤维素性能优异、绿色环保,作为可降解包装材料的增强成分可以提高复合材料的力学性能和阻隔性能,并可赋予材料特殊的功能。结论纳米纤维素在包装领域有着巨大的应用潜力,利用农作物及其剩余物制备纳米纤维素拥有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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Jade A. McCune Stefan Mommer Christopher C. Parkins Oren A. Scherman 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(20):1906890
Interactive materials are at the forefront of current materials research with few examples in the literature. Researchers are inspired by nature to develop materials that can modulate and adapt their behavior in accordance with their surroundings. Stimuli-responsive systems have been developed over the past decades which, although often described as “smart,” lack the ability to act autonomously. Nevertheless, these systems attract attention on account of the resultant materials' ability to change their properties in a predicable manner. These materials find application in a plethora of areas including drug delivery, artificial muscles, etc. Stimuli-responsive materials are serving as the precursors for next-generation interactive materials. Interest in these systems has resulted in a library of well-developed chemical motifs; however, there is a fundamental gap between stimuli-responsive and interactive materials. In this perspective, current state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials are outlined with a specific emphasis on aqueous macroscopic interactive materials. Compartmentalization, critical for achieving interactivity, relies on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, supramolecular, and ionic interactions, which are commonly present in aqueous systems and enable complex self-assembly processes. Relevant examples of aqueous interactive materials that do exist are given, and design principles to realize the next generation of materials with embedded autonomous function are suggested. 相似文献
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Junsu Park Shunsuke Murayama Motofumi Osaki Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Akira Harada Go Matsuba Yoshinori Takashima 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(39):2002008
The host–guest interaction as noncovalent bonds can make polymeric materials tough and flexible based on the reversibility property, which is a promising approach to extend the lifetime of polymeric materials. Supramolecular materials with cyclodextrin and adamantane are prepared by mixing host polymers and guest polymers by planetary ball milling. The toughness of the supramolecular materials prepared by ball milling is approximately 2 to 5 times higher than that of supramolecular materials prepared by casting, which is the conventional method. The materials maintain their mechanical properties during repeated ball milling treatments. They are also applicable as self-healable bulk materials and coatings, and they retain the transparency of the substrate. Moreover, fractured pieces of the materials can be re-adhered within 10 min. Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal property measurements, small-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy observations reveal these behaviors in detail. Scars formed on the coating disappear within a few seconds at 60 °C. At the same time, the coating shows scratch resistance due to its good mechanical properties. The ball milling method mixes the host polymer and guest polymer at the nano level to achieve the self-healing and recycling properties. 相似文献
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Andreas Walther 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(20):1905111
Soft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behavior of living systems. But what is an adaptive material? What is an interactive material? How should classical responsiveness or smart materials be delineated? At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive discussion on these topics, which is however of profound importance in order to identify landmark advances, keep a correct and noninflating terminology, and most importantly educate young scientists going into this direction. By comparing different levels of complex behavior in biological systems, this Viewpoint strives to give some definition of the various different materials systems characteristics. In particular, the importance of thinking in the direction of training and learning materials, and metabolic or behavioral materials is highlighted, as well as communication and information-processing systems. This Viewpoint aims to also serve as a switchboard to further connect the important fields of systems chemistry, synthetic biology, supramolecular chemistry and nano- and microfabrication/3D printing with advanced soft materials research. A convergence of these disciplines will be at the heart of empowering future adaptive and interactive materials systems with increasingly complex and emergent life-like behavior. 相似文献
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多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2~50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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现代工业发展对润滑形式要求多样化,拓展了润滑材料的类型。传统意义上的润滑油、润滑脂已经不能满足现代工业发展对润滑方式多样性的要求,很多新的产品类型被开发出来用于不同的特种润滑方式。本文对一些新型的润滑材料,比如自修复润滑材料、纳米润滑材料、可生物降解润滑材料、特殊工况润滑材料等进行了较为详细的综述。 相似文献
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