耐热合金与铜扩散焊的初步研究

本文对耐热合金与铜的扩散进行了初步研究。试验采用镍作中间层，钨作电极，主要研究了中间层厚度、焊接温度和保温时间对焊缝化学成分以及剪切钱其的影响，最后确定了合适的扩散焊接参数为：焊接温度１２４３Ｋ，保温时间２０ｍｉｎ，焊接压力１０ＭＰａ，真空度６．６×１０（－３）Ｐａ，中间层厚度２μｍ。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/2024Al)的扩散焊研究

采用加纯铝箔中间层的方法，研究了１５％ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料的固态扩散焊。结果表明：在温度为５７０℃、压力为１６ＭＰａ、焊接时间为６０ｍｉｎ的条件下，获得了较高质量的复合材料扩散焊接头。对接头进行的剪切强度试验和金相分析发现，焊接界面平行性特征不明显，中国间明显变薄的接头具有较高的剪切强度，扫描电镜观察分析显示，接头断口呈现明显的韧性断裂特征．     

Ni-Cr-P焊膏钎焊C/C复合材料的组织和性能

用真空熔炼、惰性气体雾化法制备Ni-Cr-P金属粉末,再加入有机黏结剂高速搅拌,制备Ni14Cr10P膏状活性钎料。用制备好的焊膏真空钎焊C/C复合材料,测试钎焊接头的剪切强度,通过OM,SEM,EDS,XRD等对钎焊接头界面组织结构进行分析。结果表明:在钎焊温度1000℃、保温时间0.5 h条件下,获得的接头剪切强度达到28.6 MPa,然后随着钎焊温度上升或保温时间延长,钎焊接头强度下降;通过界面组织结构分析发现焊膏可以增加钎料层与C/C复合材料表面的接触面积,有利于堵塞C/C复合材料表面的孔隙。焊后在界面处形成了交错分布的Cr碳化物相缓冲层,使得界面呈现热膨胀系数梯度增加的结构,有助于缓解热失配,提高C/C复合材料钎焊接头强度。     

Fe3Al/18-8异种材料真空扩散焊工艺研究

研究了Fe3A1/18-8异种材料扩散焊中工艺参数对界面结合、接头变形状况和剪切强度的影响.采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同焊接工艺条件下Fe3Al/18-8异种材料扩散焊接头的显微组织特征.结果表明合适的扩散焊工艺参数为:加热温度1 020～1040℃,保温时间45～60 min,焊接压力12～15 MPa.     

压平缝焊工艺对IF钢焊接接头抗拉强度的影响

研究了焊轮压力和焊接电流对无间隙原子钢压平缝焊接头抗拉强度的影响。结果发现：对于１．５ｍｍ厚的ＩＦ钢，选取７．５ｋＮ焊轮压力和１８５００Ａ焊接电流时，焊接接头的性能较好；当焊接电流偏低或偏高时，适当增加焊轮压力可以提高接头的性能。     

铝合金高速船船体建造工艺

简述了ＬＦ１５和ＬＦ１６两种新型船用耐蚀可焊铝合金及其配套焊接材料在实船建造中的应用情况。阐述了铝合金全焊结构船体建造的关键技术及我国铝船体建造的３种方法     

铝合金与镀锌钢板回填式搅拌摩擦点焊机制

目的 研究铝合金与镀锌钢板回填式搅拌摩擦点焊界面组织演变机制与焊接工艺参数对力学性能的影响规律。方法 采用连续焊接和改变焊接工艺参数的方法,分析了焊具自摩擦对焊接温度和接头力学性能的影响。采用电镜研究了铝合金与镀锌钢板连接界面的显微组织分布和焊接工艺参数对焊接温度及接头力学性能之间的内在关系。结果 焊具的自摩擦及重复性预热影响焊具温度和接头力学性能,其作用远大于焊接工艺参数的影响。镀锌层阻止了被焊材料的直接接触而避免了大量金属间化合物的形成,镀锌层和铝合金反应生成固溶体组织,从而提高了铝合金与钢的焊接性。此外,液态的锌被挤出搅拌区,形成钎焊的连接机制,增大了接头连接面积和强度。最佳焊接工艺参数为：旋转频率1800 r/min,套筒下压量1.0 mm,停留时间3 s。在此焊接规范下,接头最大接头剪切强度为6.23 kN,且76.2%的焊点力学性能满足工业使用标准。结论 回填式搅拌摩擦点焊是实现铝合金与镀锌钢板高质量连接的可靠方式。     

铝合金高速船舶体建造工艺

简述了ＬＦ１５和ＬＦ１６两种新型船用耐蚀可焊铝合金及其配套焊接材料在材料在实船建造中的应用情况。阐述了铝合金焊结构船体建造的关键技术及我国铝船体建造的３种方法。     

2A12铝合金筋板件T型搅拌摩擦焊工艺及焊后热处理

为评价2A12铝合金筋板件搅拌摩擦焊工艺并探寻提高接头强度的途径,进行了2A12铝合金筋板件的T型搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺试验,并对不同人工时效热处理下焊接接头的微观组织及性能进行了研究.研究表明:采用T型搅拌摩擦焊即可实现2A12铝合金筋板件的成形,当搅拌头旋转速度为750 r/min、焊接速度60mm/min时,接头的抗...     

6061铝合金无倾角搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能

目的 为了适应空间曲面构件的搅拌摩擦焊,开展6061铝合金无倾角搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能的研究。方法 采用无倾角搅拌摩擦焊用的搅拌头,对5 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材进行试验,研究焊缝成形及接头力学性能,并分析接头组织特征。结果 零倾角搅拌摩擦焊接头从组织上可区分为5个不同区域：焊核区(WNZ)、热力影响区(TMAZ)、热影响区(HAZ)、轴肩影响区(SAZ)和母材(BM);随着搅拌头转速增加,焊缝宽度和焊核尺寸均先变大后变小;随焊接速度增加,焊缝宽度和焊核尺寸均逐渐变小;当焊接速度固定时,随搅拌头转速增加,接头拉伸强度先增加后减小;当搅拌头转速固定时,随焊接速度增加,接头拉伸强度逐渐增大。结论 采用无倾角搅拌摩擦焊接方法,能够实现对5 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材的有效焊接。     

Interface and Bond Strength of Brazing Cemented Carbide K20 to Alloy Steel AISI 4140 by High-Frequency Induction

High-frequency induction brazing of cemented carbide (WC–Co, K20) and alloy steel (AISI 4140) using Cu–Zn base filler metal was carried out. The relationship between microstructure and performance of the welding joint was investigated. It was found that the filler metal exhibited excellent wettability and metallurgical bond in the welding surface. As the heating rate reduced, welding joint appeared smooth without any visible crack. In the diffusion layer, some intermetallic compounds were observed, which were produced by the reaction of diffusion atoms. The microhardness in the middle of the welding seam was 168 Hv and it increased gradually when approaching to the edge of welding seam. With brazing temperature increased or heating rate decreased, the shear strength of welding joint increased first and then decreased. The machining test clearly revealed that the cutting temperature and the flank wear increased with the cutting speed rose. The welding joint had good shear strength when the temperature was below 500°C and the shear strength decreased seriously when the temperature exceeded 500°C.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrasonic spot welded copper-to-magnesium alloy joints

High-power ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join copper-to-AZ31B magnesium alloy at different welding energy levels, focusing on the interfacial microstructure and strength of the dissimilar joints. The enhanced diffusion during USW led to the presence of an interface diffusion layer mainly consisting of a eutectic structure of Mg and Mg₂Cu. The thickness of the interface diffusion layer increased with increasing welding energy or temperature at the joint interface. A unique diffusion pattern formed at high levels of welding energy of 2000 and 2500 J was attributed to the outburst of near-eutectic liquid at localized hot spots under internal pressure, which was explained in four stages. The tensile lap shear strength of the joints was observed to increase initially, reach a peak value, and then decrease with increasing welding energy. The failure of the joints made with the optimum welding parameters of 1500 J and 0.75 s occurred in the mode of cohesive failure in the eutectic structure of the interface diffusion interlayer.     

TA22合金扩散焊接接头的组织与性能

利用真空扩散焊接方法，研究不同焊接温度对TA22合金接头组织和性能的影响，并通过焊后热处理改善接头的综合性能。结果表明:随着扩散焊接温度的升高，TA22合金扩散焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低，而伸长率和断面收缩率则表现出先升高后降低的趋势，其拐点在950℃。经850℃退火处理后，TA22合金扩散焊接接头的塑性得到明显的改善。      

SiCp/Al复合材料电阻点焊剪切断口形貌

为了优化SiC p/Al复合材料电阻点焊工艺参数,采用不同焊接电流和焊接时间对SiCp/Al复合材料进行了电阻点焊连接,对接头进行了剪切强度试验,用扫描电镜对不同的点焊剪切断口进行微观形貌分析.结果表明:最优的焊接电流和时间匹配值为焊接电流I=14.6 kA,焊接时间t=0.2 s,配合电极压力F=2 500 N点焊,熔核直径适中,接头拉剪力可达1 693 N;撕开后的焊点断口两侧分别呈规则的圆凸台和圆孔状,呈纽扣型断裂,接头成型良好.当焊接电流和时间的匹配值小于最优参数时,点焊接头只有少量的点形成冶金结合,呈结合面断裂,焊接强度较低;当焊接电流和时间的匹配值大于最优参数时,点焊接头易过热,断口上出现气孔、裂纹、电极粘附烧蚀缺陷,接头强度降低.     

Effects of welding parameters on the characteristics of magnesium alloy joint welded by resistance spot welding with cover plates

Magnesium alloy AZ31B sheets were welded using the technique of resistance spot welding with cover plates. The effects of welding parameters on the characteristics of the joint were investigated. The joint with larger nugget and higher tensile shear load was obtained under relatively low welding current condition. Enhancing electrode force and extending down-sloping time are effective for inhibiting pores formation and increasing the tensile shear strength of the joint under corresponding welding conditions. The results reveal that the technique is feasible to weld magnesium alloy.     

喷丸预处理对铝合金与钢TIG熔-钎焊的影响

为了使铝合金与钢的连接更加牢固,以Al-Si(6%~8%)为钎料,采用TIG熔-钎焊对5052铝合金和镀锌钢板进行连接,并对铝合金板的熔-焊区进行表面喷丸预处理,研究了表面喷丸对接头界面组织及力学性能的影响.研究表明:喷丸预处理能细化接头熔焊区柱状晶晶粒并使其分布更均匀,促进钢/熔池金属间的界面反应;表面喷丸明显改变了钢/铝扩散层厚度,厚度由6.0μm增加到9.5μm.力学性能测试结果表明,表面喷丸显著改善了连接质量,接头拉剪强度达到238.6 N/mm.     

Application of Ni and Cu nanoparticles in transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ti-6Al-4V and Mg-AZ31 alloys

The transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy to a Mg-AZ31 alloy was performed using an electrodeposited Ni coating containing a dispersion of Ni and Cu nanoparticles. Bond formation was attributed to two mechanisms; first, solid-state diffusion of Ni and Mg, followed by liquid eutectic formation at the Mg-AZ31 interface. Second, the solid-state diffusion of Ni and Ti at the Ti-6Al-4V interface resulted in a metallurgical joint. The joint interface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Microhardness and shear strength tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the bonds. The use of Cu nanoparticles as a dispersion produced the maximum joint shear strength of 69 MPa. This shear strength value corresponded to a 15 % enhancement in joint strength compared to TLP bonds made without the use of nanoparticles dispersion.     

铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊对接焊缝组织及机理研究

为了提高Q235钢板和6082-T6铝合金对接的连接强度,采用搅拌摩擦焊进行对接焊接.研究了不同尺寸和形状的搅拌头、转速、焊接速度和偏移量等对铝钢对接焊缝组织的影响,进而优化了搅拌摩擦焊工艺.实验结果表明:不同形状的搅拌头影响接头"钉子"形状,接头的不同位置处由于受到不同热循环和搅拌导致晶粒尺寸不同,从而影响接头的力学性能.当搅拌针旋转速度260 r/min,焊接速度16 mm/min,针头偏向铝侧0.2 mm时,所得焊缝的拉伸强度为141.204 MPa,为最佳工艺参数.在此最优参数下获得过渡层的厚度约为8μm,界面的主要成分是Fe Al3.     

Joint properties of dissimilar Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy/Ti–6%Al–4%V titanium alloy by gas tungsten arc welding assisted hybrid friction stir welding

Hybrid friction stir butt welding of Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate to Ti–6%Al–4%V titanium alloy plate with satisfactory acceptable joint strength was successfully achieved using preceding gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) preheating heat source of the Ti alloy plate surface. Hybrid friction stir welding (HFSW) joints were welded completely without any unwelded zone resulting from smooth material flow by equally distributed temperature both in Al alloy side and Ti alloy side using GTAW assistance for preheating the Ti alloy plate unlike friction stir welding (FSW) joints. The ultimate tensile strength was approximately 91% in HFSW welds by that of the Al alloy base metal, which was 24% higher than that of FSW welds without GTAW under same welding condition. Notably, it was found that elongation in HFSW welds increased significantly compared with that of FSW welds, which resulted in improved joint strength. The ductile fracture was the main fracture mode in tensile test of HFSW welds.     

Ti2AlNb合金与钛基复合材料的低温固相扩散连接机理

Ti2AlNb合金和Ti基复合材料可以使用直接固相扩散的方法进行连接,但较高的扩散温度使得母材发生相变,其接头性能也因此变差。采用Ti箔中间层的方法优化Ti2AlNb合金和Ti基复合材料的固相扩散连接接头性能。结果表明:加入30μm的Ti箔中间层后,扩散连接温度由950℃降低至850℃,变形率由5%降低至1.7%,扩散连接温度的降低有效地改变了接头界面的组织,典型界面组织为Ti2AlNb/富B2相/α+β双相组织/Ti基复合材料,其中接头界面处α+β双相组织的形成提高了接头的强度。最佳扩散连接工艺参数为850℃/60min/5 MPa时,剪切强度达到最大值399MPa,实现了Ti2AlNb和Ti基复合材料在低温下的扩散连接。