油墨中乙二醇醚类物质检测

目的建立食品包装用印刷油墨中乙二醇醚类及酯类物质的气相色谱/质谱测定方法。方法采用固相微萃取技术对油墨中的乙二醇醚进行富集,对萃取方式、萃取纤维、萃取温度、搅拌速率等参数进行优化。结果涂层为65μm的聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯萃取纤维的效率较高,优化后的搅拌速率为250 r/min,萃取温度为60℃,萃取时间为15 min,解吸温度为275℃,解吸时间为3 min。结论 7种化合物在其质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,该方法的检出限为2.5~15.0 ng/L,加标回收率为90.1%~99.9%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~10.1%。该方法的样品前处理简便、快速,可用于食品包装用油墨中乙二醇醚及其酯类物质的检测。     

超声辅助-乳化液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水体中7种苯系物

采用正己烷为萃取剂,乙腈为乳化剂,建立超声辅助-乳化液液微萃取-气相色谱法(USA-ELLME-GC)检测水中甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯,1,2,4-三甲苯的分析方法。当萃取剂正己烷为150μL,乳化剂乙腈为400μL,超声时间为12 min时,50 m L水溶液中苯系物被成功萃取到正己烷中,富集倍数达到333倍。色谱条件为:DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)毛细管柱,进样口温度220℃,检测器(FID)温度250℃,程序升温(初始45℃保持3 min,3°C/min升温至70℃,再以30℃/min升至200℃保持2 min),氢气流量10m L/min,尾吹气流量30 m L/min,分流比30∶1。在优化的萃取和色谱条件下,7种苯系物在0.08~1.00 mg/L浓度范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数均0.9980,方法检出限为0.005~0.01 mg/L,质量浓度均为0.10 mg/L的苯系物的7次前处理及测定结果相对标准偏差RSD为1.5%~4.7%。建立的方法应用于学校内湖水和实验室废水中7种苯系物的测定,平均回收率为86.5%~110.4%,测定结果满足分析化学痕量分析要求。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定痕量甲醛的不确定度评定

本文采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法对水中痕量甲醛的定值进行研究。萃取过程需要将具有吸附涂层的萃取纤维暴露在样品中进行萃取,解吸过程将已完成萃取过程的萃取器针头插入气相色谱进样装置的气化室内,使萃取纤维暴露在高温载气中,并使萃取物不断地被解吸下来,进入后序的气相色谱分析。     

埃洛石纳米管涂层对多氯联苯的吸附效果研究

采用埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)做为微萃取涂层对水样中的7种多氯联苯进行吸附,建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)同时测定水样中7种多氯联苯的方法,实验表明,在55℃、搅拌速度为600r/min下萃取30min,230℃下解析6min时,萃取效果最佳,7种多氯联苯的峰面积与量浓度有良好的线性关系,方法的相关系数在0.9918~0.9993之间,按照S/N=3得出检测限为0.05~0.32ng/mL;样品的平均加标回收率为91.6%~126.3%,精密度在4.2%~9.1%之间。     

卷烟商标残留成份SPME-GC/MS分析

本文建立了一种研究卷烟商标残留挥发性有机物(VOCs)的快速分析方法。利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术对样品进行前处理,与GC-MS联用对卷烟商标残留有机挥发性成份进行分析。并对纤维头类型、平衡时间、萃取温度等参数进行了优化,着重对SMPE重复性进行了讨论。确定SPME条件为65μmCW/DVB纤维头、平衡时间为20min、萃取温度为100℃。结果表明该方法可有效地分析羟基环已基苯甲酮、二苯甲酮、酯类化合物以及苯系物,为卷烟商标质量控制与有害成份监控提供依据。     

盐析微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定实验室废水中7种苯系物

采用三氯甲烷作为萃取剂,氯化铵作为盐析剂,建立盐析微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定有机实验室废水中甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯的分析方法。当三氯甲烷用量为25μL,氯化铵用量为0.2 g,5 000 r/min下离心分离5 min时,1 m L水样中的苯系物能很好地被三氯甲烷萃取出来,富集倍数为40倍。色谱条件为:DB-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),进样口温度220℃,载气为氦气,流量1 m L/min,分流比30∶1,进样量1μL,程序升温为:初始45℃保持3 min,3℃/min升温至70℃,再以30℃/min升至200℃保持2 min。质谱条件为:电子轰击离子源(EI),电子能量69.9e V,离子源温度240℃,四级杆温度150℃,电子倍增器电压1 741 V,采样深度1.5 mm,溶剂延迟3.5 min。在优化萃取和测定条件下,各组分的质量浓度在0.4~80μg/L内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.992 5,各组分的检出限范围为0.01~0.5μg/L。对成都理工大学有机实验室中废水进行测定,能有效检出所含苯系物,同时做加标回收实验,回收率在92.92%~102.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.9%~4.5%之间,测定结果令人满意。     

顶空固相微萃取气质联用法分析包装印刷品关键气味成分

目的 采用顶空固相微萃取技术（HS-SPME）结合气质联用（GC-MS）技术分析5款包装印刷品中对气味贡献较大的成分。方法 通过考察不同类型的萃取头、平衡时间、萃取时间和萃取温度对挥发性/半挥发性成分的数量及含量的影响,建立一种包装印刷品气味成分检测方法。结合解卷积+匹配度法+保留指数法对检测出的化合物进行定性识别,通过归一化法和内标法对气味成分的含量进行分析,并结合化合物的气味阈值,筛选关键气味成分。结果 得到了最佳的分析条件,采用50/30μm聚二乙烯苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷固相微萃取头,平衡时间为30 min,萃取时间为30 min,萃取温度为80°C,解吸时间为10min。在上述最优条件下,5款包装印刷品被鉴别出43种关键性气味成分,包括醛类、酮类、醇类、芳香烃类、杂环类、酯类、醚类、胺类等八大类。结论 该方法可为后续包装印刷品气味分析、异味预警、新产品开发、工艺技术改进等提供技术支撑。     

固相微萃取— 气相色谱联用法测量痕量苯不确定度的评定

通过建立数学模型,对固相微萃取—气相色谱联用法测量痕量苯的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。通过对影响不确定度的各分量进行分析,得出固相微萃取—气相色谱联用法测量痕量苯的测量结果不确定度为4. 8%。通过对各不确定度分量的分析可以得知气相色谱仪及色谱条件对测量结果的不确定度影响最大。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法在痕量甲醛溶液定值中的应用

固相微萃取(Solid Phase Micro-Extraction,SPME)是新型样品前处理手段,可与气相色谱法联用,测定溶液中痕量物质的浓度。文章以测量甲醛溶液中甲醛浓度为例,介绍固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法定值的一般过程,并对测量结果的不确定度进行评定。结果表明,采用固相微萃取对痕量甲醛溶液中甲醛进行富集后可大大降低甲醛检测的检出限。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法在气态物质定值中的应用

固相微萃取是新型样品前处理手段,可与气相色谱法联用,用于测定体系中痕量物质的量。文章以氮气中苯含量的测定为例,介绍固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法定值的一般过程,并对测量结果的不确定度进行评定。通过结果分析可以发现,利用固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法可对体系中痕量有效成分浓度进行测定,此方法在痕量标准物质定值中具有较高的应用价值。     

Determination of chlorophenols in soils using accelerated solvent extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction

A method for the determination of chlorophenols in soil samples using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with water as the solvent combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC/MS has been developed. Important ASE parameters, such as extraction temperature and time, were optimized using a spiked wetland soil. The effect of small amounts of organic modifiers on the extraction yields was studied. An extraction temperature of 125 degrees C and 10 min extractions performed three times proved optimal. Two ASE-SPME procedures without and with an organic modifier (5% acetonitrile) were evaluated with respect to precision and detection limits (LOD). The reproducibility of replicate water extractions/SPME determinations (n = 6) was in the range 7-20% relative standard deviation for the nine chlorophenols investigated. LOD values in the low-ppb range were achieved for all chlorophenols. The ASE-SPME procedure presented here was applied to the determination of chlorophenols in soil samples taken from contaminated areas near Bitterfeld, Germany.     

Thin-film microextraction

The properties of a thin sheet of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane as an extraction phase were examined and compared to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) PDMS-coated fiber for application to semivolatile analytes in direct and headspace modes. This new PDMS extraction approach showed much higher extraction rates because of the larger surface area to extraction-phase volume ratio of the thin film. Unlike the coated rod formats of SPME using thick coatings, the high extraction rate of the membrane SPME technique allows larger amounts of analytes to be extracted within a short period of time. Therefore, higher extraction efficiency and sensitivity can be achieved without sacrificing analysis time. In direct membrane SPME extraction, a linear relationship was found between the initial rate of extraction and the surface area of the extraction phase. However, for headspace extraction, the rates were somewhat lower because of the resistance to analyte transport at the sample matrix/headspace barrier. It was found that the effect of this barrier could be reduced by increasing either agitation, temperature, or surface area of the sample matrix/headspace interface. A method for the determination of PAHs in spiked lake water samples was developed based on the membrane PDMS extraction coupled with GC/MS. A linearity of 0.9960 and detection limits in the low-ppt level were found. The reproducibility was found to vary from 2.8% to 10.7%.     

Anodized aluminum wire as a solid-phase microextraction fiber

The efficiency of anodized aluminum wire was investigated as a new fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Aluminum wires were anodized by direct current in a solution of sulfuric acid at room temperature and were conditioned at 300 degrees C for 30 min. These fibers were used for the extraction of some aliphatic alcohols, BTEX, and petroleum products from gaseous samples. The extracted analytes were transferred to a GC injector using an (inhouse-designed) SPME syringe that also allowed for an easy change of SPME fibers. The results obtained prove the ability of anodized aluminum wire as a new fiber for sampling of organic compounds from gaseous samples. This behavior is due most probably to the porous layer of aluminum oxide, which is formed on the metal surfaces. In this work, the optimum conditions for the preparation and conditioning of fibers and the extraction of analytes from gaseous samples were obtained. In the optimum conditions, one fiber was used in several equal analyses and the relative standard deviations were below 5% (n = 5). However, fiber-to-fiber reproducibility was 8% (n = 5). This fiber is firm, inexpensive, and durable and can be prepared simply.     

Preparation and characterization of porous silica-coated multifibers for solid-phase microextraction

C18-bonded silica-coated multifibers were prepared and studied as a stationary phase for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The porous multifiber SPME provided larger absorption capacity and higher absorption rate compared to a polymer-coated single fiber. Its absorption rate was 10 times higher than that of a commercial 100-microm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-coated fiber. Its high extraction efficiency enabled the positive identification of unknown compounds at sub-part-per-billion level in full-scan mode with a benchtop quadruple GC/MS. The desorption temperature indicated that the analyte interactions with the C18-bonded silica were stronger than those with the PDMS polymer. The dependence of the equilibration time on the molecular weight was not observed for the porous multifiber SPME. The boundary layer between the fiber coating and the sample matrix could be the absorption control step in SPME under mild agitation. The special experimental conditions in the porous multifiber SPME, such as air interference and polar organic solvent wetting, were investigated.     

Calibration of a commercial solid-phase microextraction device for measuring headspace concentrations of organic volatiles

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile new technique for collecting headspace volatiles prior to GC analysis. The commercial availability of uniform SPME fibers makes routine, practical quantitation of headspace concentrations possible, but straightforward information for relating GC peak areas from SPME analyses to headspace concentrations has not been available. The calibration factors (amount absorbed by the fiber divided by headspace concentration) were determined for 71 compounds using SPME fibers with a 100 μm poly(dimethylsiloxane) coating. The compounds ranged from 1 to 16 carbons in size and included a variety of functional groups. Calibration factors varied widely, being 7000 times higher for tetradecane than for acetaldehyde. Most compounds with a Kovats retention index of <1300 on a nonpolar GC column (DB-1) equilibrated with the fiber in 30 min or less. A regression model is presented for predicting the calibration factor from GC retention index, temperature, and analyte functional class. The calibration factor increased with retention index but decreased with increasing sampling temperature. For a given retention index, polar compounds such as amines and alcohols were absorbed by the fibers in greater amounts than were hydrocarbons. Henry's law constants determined using SPME were in general agreement with literature values, which supported the accuracy of the measured calibration factors. An unexpected concentration dependence of calibration factors was noted, especially for nitrogen-containing and hydroxy compounds; calibration factors were relatively higher (the SPME fiber was more sensitive) at the lower analyte concentrations.     

Air sampling with porous solid-phase microextraction fibers

A new, rapid air sampling/sample preparation methodology was investigated using adsorptive solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coatings and nonequilibrium conditions for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This method is the fastest extraction technique for air sampling at typical airborne VOC concentrations. A theoretical model for the extraction was formulated based on the diffusion through the interface between the sampled (bulk) air and the SPME coating. Parameters that affect the extraction process including sampling time, air velocity, air temperature, and relative humidity were investigated with the porous (solid) PDMS/DVB and Carboxen/PDMS coatings. Very short sampling times from 5 s to 1 min were used to minimize the effects of competitive adsorption and to calibrate the extraction process in the initial linear extraction region. The predicted amounts of extracted mass compared well with the measured amounts of target VOCs. Findings presented in this study extend the existing fundamental knowledge related to sampling/sample preparation with SPME, thereby enabling the development of new sampling devices for the rapid sampling of air, headspace, water, and soil.     

Simultaneous determination of estrogenic short ethoxy chain nonylphenols and their acidic metabolites in water by an in-sample derivatization/solid-phase microextraction method

An in-sample derivatization headspace solid-phase microextraction method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nonylphenol, nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylates (NP, NP1EO, NP2EO), and their acidic metabolites (NPlEC, NP2EC) in water. The analytical procedure involves derivatization of NPEOs and NPECs to their methyl ethers--esters with dimethyl sulfate/NaOH and further headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) determination. Parameters affecting both derivatization efficiency and headspace SPME procedure, such as the selection of the SPME coating, derivatizationextraction time, temperature and ionic strength were optimized. The commercially available Carbowax-divinylbenzene (CW-DVB) fiber appears to be the most suitable for the simultaneous determination of both NPEOs-NPECs. Run-to-run precision of the in-sample derivatization/HS-SPME-GC/MS method gave relative standard deviations between 8 and 18%. The method was linear for NP over 2 orders of magnitude, and detection limits were compound dependent but ranged from 20 to 1500 ng/L. The SPME procedure was compared with a solid-phase extraction SPE-GC/MS method for the analysis of NPEOs-NPECs in water samples and good agreement was obtained. Therefore, in-sample derivatization HS-SPME-GC/MS can be used as a method for the simultaneous determination of short ethoxy chain nonylphenols and their acidic metabolites in water.     

Sampling and analysis of airborne particulate matter and aerosols using in-needle trap and SPME fiber devices

A needle trap device (NTD) and commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) 7-microm film thickness solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used for the sampling and analysis of aerosols and airborne particulate matter (PM) from an inhaler-administered drug, spray insect repellant, and tailpipe diesel exhaust. The NTD consisted of a 0.53-mm o.d. stainless steel needle having 5 mm of quartz wool packing section near the needle tip. Samples were collected by drawing air across the NTD with a Luertip syringe or via direct exposure of the SPME fiber. The mass loading of PM was varied by adjusting the volume of air pulled through the NTD or by varying the sampling time for the SPME fiber. The air volumes ranged from 0.1 to 50 mL, and sampling times varied from 10 s to 16 min. Particulates were either trapped on the needle packing or sorbed onto the SPME fiber. The devices were introduced to a chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) injector for 5 min desorption. In the case of the NTD, 10 microL of clean air was delivered by a gas-tight syringe to aid the introduction of desorbed analytes. The compounds sorbed onto particles extracted by the SPME fiber or trapped in the needle device were desorbed in the injector and no carry-over was observed. Both devices performed well in extracting airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel exhaust, triamcinolone acetonide in a dose of asthma drug and DEET in a dose of insect repellant spray. Results suggest that the NTDs and PDMS 7-microm fibers can be used for airborne particulate sampling and analysis, providing a simple, fast, reusable, and cost-effective screening tool. The advantage of the SPME fiber is the open-bed geometry allowing spectroscopic investigations of particulates; for example, with Raman microspectroscopy.     

丁香罗勒油气相色谱与气质联用分析

目的:建立丁香罗勒油中丁香酚的含量测定方法和鉴定挥发性化学成分。方法:气相色谱法,4mm×2m不锈钢柱,10％SE—30为固定液,Chromosorb WAW 60～80目担体,FID检测器,柱温110℃,水杨酸甲酯为内标物;气质联用,以HP—5毛细管柱,柱温起始120℃保持5min后以5℃/min升温至150℃保持7min,检测质荷比范围10～425。结果:丁香酚在2～10mg/ml范围内具良好线性关系,平均回收率为100.08％,RSD为0.95％;气质联用鉴定了39个化合物。结论:方法简便,快速,准确,可排除其它成分的干扰。