合成孔径雷达图像的恒虚警率目标检测

目的：对合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像实验恒虚警率（CFAR）目标检测，方法：利用K－Gamma和Weibull分布的杂波模型分别对海面和陆地的人造目标实验检测，同时，对不同杂波背景下CFAR检测方法进行比较。结果与结论：通过检测结果的比较，证实了K-Gamma分布和Weibull分布分别适合于海面和陆地杂波背景下的目标检测，在非均匀杂波背景中，有序统计量（OS）较单元平均（CA）方法具有优越性。     

基于多背景杂波分布模型的自适应CFAR检测

针对现有的CFAR(Constant False Alarm Rate,恒虚警)算法采用全局建模,在待检测的所有区城采用同种背景杂波分布模型,导致使用的模型在不适应区域失配,使CFAR检测性能下降的现象,本文提出一种基于多背景杂波分布模型的自适应CFAR检测算法.该方法根据背景区域的不同统计特性即统计方差和均值比来判断...     

基于小波分解的 K-分布 SAR 图像舰船检测

舰船目标检测是合成孔径雷达海洋应用的一个重要组成部分. 通过对合成孔径雷达图像中舰船目标和海杂波背景的结构差异特点进行分析,提出了一种利用小波分解技术和 K-分布海杂波模型的恒虚警率舰船目标检测方法,并对实际 SIR-C C 波段 SAR 图像进行了实验. 实验结果表明,该方法能够在复杂相干斑和海杂波背景中大幅增强舰船目标,并且有效保证了检测结果的准确性.     

对海面重拖尾杂波下相位梯度自聚焦算法的改进

由于海杂波的随机动态特性,用合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)对海面上的舰船目标成像时,相位梯度自聚焦算法(Phase Gradient Autofocus,PGA)的聚焦效果变差.在统计海杂波的分布特性之后,在大多数情况下可以用α-stable分布模型比较好地描述海杂波的幅度特性,尤其对于拖尾较大的海杂波.用分数低阶统计模型和相位梯度自聚焦算法结合起来(PGA-FLOS),可以有效地改善海面上舰船目标的成像效果.仿真和对实测海面数据处理都证明了文中算法的有效性.     

水下无人航行器自主检测方法研究

自主检测技术是实现水下无人航行器(Underwater Unmanned Vehicle,UUV)智能化的关键技术,是无人航行器能够自主执行水下预警、目标跟踪等任务的前提。针对当前基于均值类和有序统计类恒虚惊(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)技术的自主检测方法在背景起伏严重、多目标情况下,背景噪声统计特性估计不准确、自主检测性能下降的问题,文章提出了一种基于方位-时间二维参考窗联合有序截断平均算法的自主检测方法。首先,该方法设计了一种方位-时间二维参考窗,解决了一维参考窗检测参考样本过少、噪声统计量估计不准的问题;其次,采用有序截断平均算法估计背景噪声统计量,对起伏背景进行均衡;最后,利用背景噪声均值和方差构造恒虚警检测器,采用检测前跟踪技术,实现起伏背景下、多目标自动检测与跟踪。湖上试验结果表明,在水下无人航行器的自噪声干扰下,该方法对多目标依然具有较好的自主检测效果。     

基于小波变换的海面背景红外小目标检测方法

采用基于正交小波分解的多分辨率分析实现频带选择,抑制噪声和背景杂波;检测图像的水平和垂直方向边缘,确定海天线和目标潜在区;利用不同方向边缘进行融合,除去大量背景干扰而获得目标候选点;检测候选目标点的灰度值,确定阈值排除虚警点并分割目标。实验结果表明,该方法能检测复杂海面背景中的舰船红外小目标。     

复杂非均匀背景下的鲁棒声呐恒虚警检测算法

针对复杂非均匀水下环境中目标检测问题,提出了一种基于背景统计特性的鲁棒声呐恒虚警(Background Statistical Characteristics based Robust Sonar Target Constant False Alarm Ratio,BSCR-CFAR)检测算法。该算法将自动删除平均级检测(Automatic Censored Mean Level Detection,ACMLD)和排序统计恒虚警(Order Statistic CFAR,OS-CFAR)检测算法引入可变指数恒虚警(Variability Index CFAR,VI-CFAR)检测算法中,并通过评估背景特性,自适应选择更匹配的CFAR检测方法。仿真和声呐实测数据分析结果表明,相比较单元平均恒虚警(Cell Average CFAR,CA-CFAR)、单元平均选大恒虚警(Greatest of CFAR,GO-CFAR)、单元平均选小恒虚警(Smallest of CFAR,SO-CFAR)和OS-CFAR、VI-CFAR等检测算法,该算法在混响边缘、混响区、单/多强离散干扰等典型非均匀背景下的恒虚警检测保持了良好的鲁棒性。     

基于Anderson—Darling检验的恒虚警检测

提出一种基于Anderson-Darling检验的恒虚警检测方法(AD-CFAR),根据输入杂波特性,实现干扰杂波块删除、杂波分布检测,具有参考单元数可变、检测策略可变的特点,提高了检测器复杂杂波环境下的鲁棒性.检测算法应用K样本Anderson-Darling假设检验对输入杂波单元进行分块筛选,输出同分布杂波块,再经过单样本Anderson-Darling分布检验判断杂波分布类型,综合现有的检测技术,选择合理的检测策略.性能分析表明,在均匀杂波条件下,AD-CFAR具有近似CA-CFAR的检测性能,在多干扰目标、杂波边缘以及两者同时存在时具有良好的虚警性能和检测性能.     

结合CFAR与自适应窗口的舰船目标检测

针对大多数CFAR算法在检测舰船目标时受滑动窗口的限制,检测耗时长、效率低和易造成漏检等问题,提出一种将自适应窗口与CFAR算法结合的舰船目标检测方法。首先利用目标的全局显著性找到其大致位置,根据目标区是否满足自适应窗口设置条件分别进行处理：采用剔除掉目标干扰的背景参数检测内部目标;采用检出目标与整体背景参数双重筛选边缘目标;最后将两部分合并进行后续处理。实验结果表明,本文方法能够准确快速地定位目标区域,且能精确检测并刻画目标形状,取得了较为满意的检测结果。     

α稳定分布在SAR图像目标检测中的应用探讨

对SAR图像常用的杂波分布模型进行分析,利用α稳定分布作为SAR图像的杂波模型进行探讨,同时对利用α稳定分布来分辨几种常见杂波分布模型进行探讨,提出更好的CFAR处理方法。     

Non-coherent radar CFAR detection based on goodness-of-fit tests

This paper considers the problem of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection of radar targets using multiple observations. In the Gaussian clutter scenario, the structure of the optimum (uniformly most powerful) CFAR detector is rather simple, but when the clutter is heavy-tailed, that is non-Gaussian distributed, the derivation of the optimal detector becomes infeasible. For this latter relevant case, a new CFAR algorithm is porposed based on goodness-of-fit (GoF) tests. The performance of the proposed detector is numerically investigated through Monte Carlo simulations assuming heavy-tailed Weibull and Lognormal distributed clutter. Numerical results shown that, in heavy-tailed clutter and also when several interfering targets exist, the proposed detector outperforms the conventional CFAR detector based on binary integration. Performance is also tested processing real sea clutter data collected by a non-coherent navigation radar     

Performance analysis of ordered-statistic greatest of-constant false alarm rate with binary integration for M-sweeps

The performance of the ordered-statistic greatest of (OSGO) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) scheme with binary integration for M non-coherent sweeps in Weibull background was investigated for homogeneous and non-homogeneous backgrounds, with an assumption of known shape parameter. This kind of processing is based on the fact that the clutter can be segmented in regions in many real radar scenarios where a timevarying two-parameter distribution function family can be fitted, but the clutter power may vary locally inside the region. Under the assumption of known shape parameter, the authors examined the changes of the false alarm rate and detection probability of the OSGO-CFAR with binary integration when the shape parameter differs from the nominal one, and compared them to those of the OSGO-CFAR with single pulse processing. The authors have derived analytic expressions of the detection probability and false alarm rate during clutter power transitions for the OSGO-CFAR with binary integration in Weibull background. It is shown that the OSGO-CFAR with binary integration can not only improve the detection performance significantly, but it also control the rise of the false alarm rate at clutter edges more effectively compared to the OSGO-CFAR with single pulse processing. Moreover, it exhibits a good immunity to the variation of the shape parameter.     

非平稳环境下主动声呐检测器研究

针对在水下存在多途、混响及噪声边缘等非平稳背景条件下主动声呐检测器的检测性能,给出了一种变异指数的恒虚警率(Variability Index Constant False Alarm Rate,VI-CFAR)检测器。VI-CFAR结合了单元平均恒虚警率、最大选择恒虚警率和最小选择恒虚警率的检测算法,它在均匀平稳环境和非平稳环境下都具有较强的自适应性。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该检测器在均匀平稳背景下的检测性能与单元平均恒虚警率检测器相似,在多途、混响等干扰背景条件下具有较强的抗干扰能力,在噪声边缘背景下有较好的虚警概率控制能力且运算量小,是一种稳健的检测器。     

Constant false-alarm rate algorithm based on test cell information

A new constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm, designated as switching CFAR (S-CFAR), is proposed and analysed. The S-CFAR algorithm selects CFAR reference samples using the magnitude of the sample in the cell under test, which is an information that has not been exploited in any other existing CFAR detectors. S-CFAR closed-form analysis is presented, and comparisons with other representative CFAR algorithms are given. An S-CFAR detector can be tuned such that it has a small CFAR loss when operating on a homogeneous background while achieving improved robustness in the presence of interfering targets and clutter power transition. The S-CFAR detector is also simple to design and implement since no sample ordering is required.     

Sea clutter transient spatial coherence and scan-to-scan constant false alarm rate

High-resolution radar sea clutter exhibits long-term temporal and spatial correlation features consistent with the sea surface wave structure. Data are presented showing that there is a transient coherence in the long-term fluctuations of the clutter, which locally appears to show the single periodic fluctuation of a dominant wave, but when averaged over a large area is seen to contain a wide band of fluctuation frequencies. This apparently non-stationary behaviour makes it difficult to predict the local sea clutter level for constant false alarm rate (CFAR) thresholding using conventional techniques. A new method of scan-to-scan CFAR processing is therefore proposed, which takes account of this behaviour. The scheme is analysed and its performance characterised.     

低频脉冲信号的频域恒虚警检测

为提高低频背景噪声中弱声呐脉冲信号的检测能力,给出了一种频域恒虚警检测方法。该方法针对低频背景噪声平稳性较差、起伏较大的特点,将频域中峰值点或极值点认为是疑似脉冲信号,通过对疑似点能量与历史背景进行比对的方式完成脉冲信号的检测判决,并且给出了相应的检验统计量获取方法、背景噪声估计方法和恒虚警检测门限的计算方法。仿真分析和实际数据处理结果表明,频域恒虚警检测方法对单频脉冲、单频-线性调频组合脉冲等包含窄带成分的弱声呐脉冲信号有非常好的检测性能。     

Performance of the adaptive generalised matched subspace constant false alarm rate detector in non-Gaussian noise: an experimental analysis

The authors deal with the performance analysis of an adaptive version of the generalised matched subspace detector (GMSD) in compound-Gaussian clutter with unknown covariance matrix. The original GMSD was proposed to detect subspace signals in compound-Gaussian noise with known covariance matrix and ensures the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property. In real situations, this assumption is unrealistic, which means that the covariance matrix must be estimated from training data. The authors use a robust estimate of the covariance matrix called the fixed-point estimate, recently proposed in the literature. The performance of the obtained adaptive detector, in terms of CFAR behaviour and probability of detection, is evaluated in the presence of real sea clutter data, collected by the McMaster IPIX radar.