新型印刷材料——电子纸

全面地介绍了目前国际上电子纸研究和发展情况;从电子纸的诞生和定义入手,详细阐述了电子纸的种类、显示原理和技术特征,并且对电子纸相对于传统纸张的优势作了归纳;最后,对电子纸的应用前景进行了展望.     

电子纸：是否将给印刷行业带来冲击

所谓的电子纸,与我们常见一般纤维纸不同,狭义上的电子纸是一种包含许多“微小球体”（胶囊）的“导电”“高分子”材料,其外表与特征与一般的纸一样,具有柔软度又可重复显示数据。在电子纸技术之中,微小球体的大小代表显示器像素大小,其中微小球体的特色是会受到外在电压的驱动而改变其状态。电子纸导电的特色为可受到外界驱动电压的改变,因此材料需要是电的导体,最后电子纸使用高分子材料是强调其可挠性（flexible）的特色,因此可以像一般纸一样的挠曲。广义上,任何类纸显示,只要是反射型,具备记忆功能,没有背光的显示方式都是电子纸。电子纸与液晶最大的区别是液晶需要背光,电子纸不需要。其次是液晶没有记忆效应,电子纸有。     

美国开发出新型柔性电子纸

据媒体报道,美国惠普和美国亚利桑那大学(Arizona State University,亚历桑那州立大学)日前正式宣布,开发出了即使掉在地上也不会损坏的柔性电子纸掉在地上也不会损坏的柔性电子纸。该电子纸为有     

微胶囊制作技术及其在电子纸中的应用

电泳显示、LCD等信息显示技术,应用于电子纸产品,存在性能不稳、产品寿命短等问题．本文综述了复凝聚、原位聚合等微胶囊合成方法及其改进技术,包括使用阻聚剂提高胶囊平滑度、加入抗冲击剂改善胶囊分散状态以及无机颜料、有机颜料和纳米SiO2等电泳颗粒的微胶囊改性技术,展示了电泳墨水微胶囊技术的新进展．微胶囊技术应用于电泳显示、LCD以及双色球和磁性电子纸等,改善了电子纸显示器性能,促进了电子纸及其应用技术产业化发展。     

可折叠电子纸问世

<正>据英国《自然》杂志报道,飞利浦公司的科学家已开发出一种电子纸,这种电子纸将在未来替代传统纸介。电子纸不是传统意义上的纸,而是像纸一样可以任意弯曲折叠的可擦写的显示器。厚度只有0．1毫米。这种电子纸的亮度达到彩色液晶的3-6倍,无论从哪一个角     

电子纸

电子纸的诞生1999年 10月 ,美国朗讯科技公司和从事显示器开发的美国Ｅ -Ｉｎｋ公司宣布 ,达成共同开发电子纸的协议 ,计划开发电子纸应用于电子书报行业。 2 0 0 0年11月 2 0日 ,两家公司共同宣布 ,开发出了像纸一样的显示器———“电子纸”。尼古拉·内格罗蓬特教授的媒体试验室于 1985年建于ＭＩＴ技术大学 (马萨诸塞州技术研究院 )的历史悠久的校园内 ,从一开始就着手利用电子媒质取代印刷和纸张。因此 ,一种可弯曲和便于运输的薄膜总是浮现在内格罗蓬特教授的头脑中 ,这种薄膜可复制出文字、图形 ,并通过电子作用的变色可再现连续调图…     

电子纸——技术、类型与用途

电子纸，又称为数码纸，是一种超薄、超轻的显示器，它象纸一样薄、象布一样柔软、象黑板一样可擦写。电子纸文字和图像都可以通过电脑随意删除、增添，可弯折到90度而不影响视觉效果     

电子纸给人们生活带来新变革

正约2000年前,中国东汉人蔡伦改进了造纸术,从此世界文明发生了翻天覆地的变化,中国文明籍此曾领先世界1000余年。今天,电子纸技术又将给人们的生活带来一场怎样的变革呢?电子纸技术实际上是一类技术的统称,英文名称     

电子纸在包装领域应用

包装材料和包装方式千变万化,电子纸在包装领域的应用,主要着眼于包装的功能提升,即在满足普通包装材料要求的基础上,使用户通过包装,方便快捷地获得更多信息。从该角度考虑,许多类型的电子纸,都可能应用于包装领域。例如,将电子纸的显示功能于RFID智能标签结合,在保持无接触数据读取、传输和处理的同时,     

混合溶剂体系电子墨水的制备

以改性的二氧化钛颗粒为白色颜料颗粒,油溶黑为对比色染料,byk系列分散剂为电荷控制剂,邻二氯苯和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系为分散介质,制备电子墨水,深入研究电子墨体系的分散介质对电子纸显示的影响。邻二氯苯和二甲苯溶剂配比为1：1时,组装的电子纸显示器件黑白显示效果最佳。     

Introduction to the field of cryobiology and overview of selected papers

The article is a synopsis of the 9 papers in the field of cryobiology, particularly regarding the use of modern cryopreservation and related techniques for conservation of genetic resources of endangered species and economically important breeds of wild and domesticated animals and plants published in this issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration. The papers are related to vitrification, primarily of reproductive and progenitor cells as a swiftly expanding and effective approach of biostabilization, as well as to cryopreservation of spermatozoa, leucocytes, and other cells of the humans, sturgeon species, European mink, marine invertebrates, and plants. A brief introduction to cryobiology and related fields is also provided.     

The Overcoat Oil Lubrication of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Al Alloy by Liquid Plasma Technique

Ceramic coatings were deposited on 2Al2 alloy with a 100 kW micro-arc oxidation equipment consisting of a potential adjustable ac power supply and alkali electrolyte. The structure of the micro-arc oxidiation coatings was examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of the coatings sliding against steel under the drop and adsorption lubrication of liquid paraffin were evaluated with a Timken tester. The lower friction coefficient of 0.14 and longer wear life of 2450 m of overcoat were observed for the polished micro-arc oxidation coating of 180μm thick at a sliding speed 2. 50 m/s and load 1500 N. This is because the coating has an interlayer of suitable porosity and thickness, which helps to improve the deposition of lubricants and endure the higher load. In other words, the oil is able to adsorb in the porous holes of the overcoat and provided the lubrication of micro reservoir during friction, and the compact and relatively hard interlayer of oxidation coating is able to support heavy load and prevent the oil lubricating film from damage.     

Hochtemperaturprüfung – Ein Beitrag zur Werkstoffentwicklung und ‐qualifizierung sowie Simulation der Bauteilbeanspruchung

High temperature testing – A contribution to alloy development, alloy qualification and simulation of component loading In parallel to continued developments of steam and gas turbines as well as traffic engineering machines on the one hand, and marginal conditions like low specific fuel consumption and sufficient environment‐friendliness on the other hand, the aim of improving the degree of efficiency by augmenting process parameters such as temperature and pressure is being followed. These efforts impact especially components of thermic machines and facilities subject to high thermal and mechanic exposure. Still largely unexplored is the interaction between microstructure characteristics determined through chemical composition, production processes and heat treatment, changes in the microstructure due to multiaxial load and the time‐dependent deformation and stability resulting hereof. With regard to this background, improved methods of material properties determination, their modelling and transfer on the component enable to optimize wall thicknesses and degrees of efficiency. In the course of evaluation of static and cyclic material properties carried out also on faulty specimens, uncertainties occur which can originate from the testing process and analysis, as well as being influenced by the material itself and its process of production. Altogether, the demand for reliable determination of material properties and methods of scatterband treatment and their mathematical‐statistical evaluation is in business. For simulation, consistent material datasets that describe the complex interaction between temperature, period of exposure and type of exposure are needed. Summarizing, the tasks dealt with qualify the entire process from production to the operational behaviour of components.     

Dispersion and surface functionalization of oxide nanoparticles for transparent photocatalytic and UV-protecting coatings and sunscreens

Abstract

This review describes recent efforts on the synthesis, dispersion and surface functionalization of the three dominating oxide nanoparticles used for photocatalytic, UV-blocking and sunscreen applications: titania, zinc oxide, and ceria. The gas phase and liquid phase synthesis is described briefly and examples are given of how weakly aggregated photocatalytic or UV-absorbing oxide nanoparticles with different composition, morphology and size can be generated. The principles of deagglomeration are reviewed and the specific challenges for nanoparticles highlighted. The stabilization of oxide nanoparticles in both aqueous and non-aqueous media requires a good understanding of the magnitude of the interparticle forces and the surface chemistry of the materials. Quantitative estimates of the Hamaker constants in various media and measurements of the isoelectric points for the different oxide nanoparticles are presented together with an overview of different additives used to prepare stable dispersions. The structural and chemical requirements and the various routes to produce transparent photocatalytic and nanoparticle-based UV-protecting coatings, and UV-blocking sunscreens are described and discussed.     

单壁纳米管与对三联苯的交互作用及其束散现象

研究了单壁纳米管(SWCNT)与对三联苯(p-Terphenyl)分子的交互作用和束散现象.SWCNTs分别由电弧放电法和一氧化碳高压分解法(Hipco法)制备.比较了不同制备工艺及纯化处理后SWCNTs与p-Terphenyl交互作用及其束散程度.采用分光和显微镜等技术,探讨了SWCNTs及其与p-Terphenyl交互作用.应用X光能量消散(EDAX)技术,给出了纯化处理前后SWCNTs试样的元素分析.利用萤光分析和原子显微镜技术评估了SWCNTs交互作用及束散程度.研究显示:SWCNTs束散程度及其和p-Terphenyl交互作用的强弱与SWCNTs纯化程度有关.     

中国铀矿采冶技术发展与展望

对中国铀矿采冶工业的发展作了全面的回顾,重点介绍了中国铀矿地浸、堆浸、原地爆破浸出技术的研究进展与应用水平;在对中国铀矿采冶形势和存在的问题分析的基础上,结合矿床资源的特点,指出了中国铀矿采冶技术发展的方向。21世纪中国铀矿冶工业面临新的发展机遇和挑战,只有开发新的采、选、冶技术,提高铀资源的利用水平,减少铀矿采冶对环境的影响,才能实现铀矿冶的可持续发展和经济与环境的协调发展。     

Strength, Durability, and Safety of Engineering Systems

The evolution of approaches to the solution of machine dynamics and strength problems on the basis of determining static and dynamic nominal and local stresses of the operating load is discussed. It is shown how the material strength and plasticity characteristics, the cyclic strength characteristics in the high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regions, the high-temperature long-term strength and creep characteristics, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of fracture mechanics were sequentially used as the basic criterial parameters of the deformability and strength of structural materials. Particular emphasis was given to the results of studies on machine safety and catastrophe mechanics. Integrated approaches to the solution of strength and safety problems of potentially dangerous facilities (nuclear power stations, spacecraft complexes, aircraft, chemical plants, etc.) by analysis of all stages of their life cycle, including design, manufacture, testing, and operation, are discussed.     

缓凝剂和减水剂作用于半水石膏水化硬化的研究进展

从缓凝剂和减水剂的缓凝作用机理、缓凝作用的影响因素、缓凝剂和减水剂对半水石膏水化硬化性能的影响几个方面论述了缓凝剂和减水剂作用于半水石膏水化硬化的研究进展。归纳了缓凝剂和减水剂的缓凝作用机理,分析了缓凝作用的影响因素,总结了缓凝剂和减水剂对半水石膏水化硬化性能的影响,重点提出了缓凝剂和减水剂复合作用的原理,最后指出研究外加剂复合作用于半水石膏水化硬化的不足及其原因。     

滤棒重量、压降稳定性对卷烟重量、吸阻稳定性的影响

烟支吸阻及重量稳定性是影响卷烟质量的重要指标。为解决卷烟吸阻及重量稳定性方面存在的问题,本文从理论方面分析了滤棒段压降、重量与烟支段吸阻、重量对整支卷烟吸阻及重量稳定性的影响,并结合实例进行了分析。结果表明,滤棒段的压降波动对整支卷烟的吸阻影响很大,而滤棒和材料重量的波动对整支卷烟重量的影响很小。     

CMF的功能性及设计应用

探讨在色彩、材料与(表面)工艺效果即CMF的创意设计实践中，充分发挥CMF的功能性，达到CMF的主观体验(包括感官、审美、情绪和意义方面的体验)和客观功效(CMF赋予产品与系统的功能)的最佳协调。这是设计师进行CMF设计时需要着力解决的问题。本文将围绕这一议题展开讨论与分析，以便为设计师提供参考性指导。通过文献研究、理论阐述和设计案例分析，对CMF常见的一些功能性问题，包括识别、自洁、吸音、变色、发光、抗菌、透气、磁性、生物医学等多种功能及其在设计中的应用进行系统阐述和梳理。一般情形下，CMF的主观体验和客观功效需要同步兼顾，在产生可能的冲突时，需要根据具体的设计对象确定优先权。CMF功能的区域化和梯度化以及多功能组合可以实现一材多用、事半功倍的目的。CMF的设计往往有多种方案，不同的方案对于美学和功能两者的兼顾与协调程度，包括实现的方式和代价都不尽相同。最终，需要在感知与美学体验、实际功能效果两个方面，并结合其他的制约因素，诸如工艺难度、成本、环保等进行综合权衡。