带有齿根裂纹故障的齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型研究

在考虑齿面摩擦、时变啮合刚度、传递误差和质量偏心的情况下,利用集中质量法及牛顿定律建立了齿轮传动系统非线性振动微分方程.通过时变啮合刚度仿真了齿根裂纹故障,进而建立了具有齿根裂纹的非线性动力学故障模型.该模型在计算摩擦力时,考虑了载荷在啮合区的动态分配以及利用齿轮副的检验标准与公差值来确定齿轮副的传递误差.模型数值解的结果与故障特征的规律相符,为频谱机理的分析及故障特征的提取提供了有力的理论依据.     

双圆弧齿轮轮齿弯曲应力的研究

 用三维边界元法对GB12759—91双圆弧齿轮的轮齿弯曲应力进行了分析计算，并在此基础上得出齿根应力与法向载荷之间、齿腰应力与法向载荷之间、齿根应力与当量曲率半径之间及齿腰应力与当量曲率半径之间的关系曲线．研究表明，大螺旋角或小载荷时，齿腰应力大于齿根应力．因此，齿腰应力也是关键环节，需受到重视.     

Measuring fatigue cracks in fillet welded joints

Accurate measurement of short (<1 mm depth) elliptical fatigue cracks that grow from the toes of fillet welds has proved to be an obstacle to the application of fracture mechanics principles to welding fatigue. This paper reports a DC potential drop technique which allows continuous measurement of the depth of such elliptical cracks. A delicate compromise between sensitivity and accuracy, combined with superior electrical stability displayed by the measurement apparatus, has allowed detection of: 1 — crack growth less than 0.01 mm and; 2 — crack growth rates less than 10^?7 mm/cycle for cracks less than 1 mm deep.Preliminary results have indicated the relative importance of stress ratio, defect size and material variation on the growth of these short elliptical cracks. When the weld toe is subject to high stress ratios the phenomenon may be considered propagation dominated whereas low stress levels increase the influence of threshold and initiation mechanisms.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue crack growth in the cracked gear tooth

The numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the fatigue crack growth in gear with the finite element codes ansys (ANSYS, Inc. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.) and franc 3d (Fracture Analysis Consultants, Inc. Ithaca, New York, USA.), and the corresponding fatigue test was also carried out. During the simulation, the location of maximal stress induced by the external force was first determined by the code ansys , and then the obtained results were imported into the franc 3d to analyse the crack growth. The analysed results were input into the codes ansys and franc 3d again to compute the stress and the stress intensity factor in the following steps. After several rounds of analysis, the results of the fatigue crack propagation were obtained. The investigations show that the crack mode I is dominant during the crack growth and the stress intensity factor K_I raises with increase of crack growth length and a series of quarter‐elliptical cross sections of the ruptured gear tooth are obtained. The simulation results are in good accordance with experimental findings.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of crack initiation and propagation in bcc iron under load within spur gear tooth root

Spur gears are widely used in practice, and one of their typical failures is tooth breakage. In general, the tooth breakage occurs at tooth root, and the amount of crack growth during a meshing cycle is in atomistic scale. This work aims at identifying the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation at tooth root by using molecular dynamics simulation. The results prove that there are phase transition regions and edge dislocations at crack tips. According to the distribution characteristic of the atomic potential, its concentration can be observed obviously by visualization software. In these concentration regions, microvoids come into being and expand gradually, which results in the subcrack initiation. Additionally, the microvoids and subcracks propagate along the high potential direction and then come together to accelerate the crack growth. Through carrying out a comparative simulation, the effects of heavy load at single meshing area on crack initiation and propagation are addressed.     

Experimental investigation of spur gear tooth mesh stiffness in the presence of crack using photoelasticity technique

Gear mesh stiffness plays a very important role in gear dynamics and it varies in the presence of gear fault such as crack. The measurement of stress intensity factor can lead to the determination of gear tooth mesh stiffness variation in the presence of crack in a spur gear system. In this paper, the technique of conventional photoelasticity has been revisited to explore the possibility of using it as a supplementary technique to experimentally measure the variation of gear mesh stiffness. An attempt has been made to calculate the variation of mesh stiffness for a pinion having a cracked tooth and a gear tooth with no crack of a spur gear pair. An analytical methodology based on elastic strain energy method in conjunction with total potential energy model has been adopted and implemented within the mesh stiffness calculations. To visualize the state of stress in a structure using finite element and other currently available methods, photoelasticity is considered to be one of the oldest and most developed experimental technique. An experimental methodology based on conventional photo-elasticity technique for computing stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracked spur gear tooth is presented for different single tooth contact position and crack length. The relation between contact position, crack length, crack configuration, SIF and the variation of total effective mesh stiffness have been quantified. Finally, a comparison has been made and the results obtained from finite element method (FEM) based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), analytical method and proposed experimental method has been outlined.     

基于传动误差检测法的早期齿轮磨损故障诊断

摘 要：针对齿轮系统在复杂结构复杂工况下早期故障难诊断的问题,借鉴精密机械中检测齿轮安装误差和加工误差的传动误差检测法,建立含故障的二级齿轮系统传动误差信号模型,分析中间轴齿轮早期单齿齿面磨损对齿轮系统传动误差的影响及特征规律。经齿轮传动系统实验台实测信号研究结果证明：传动误差信号信噪比高,能够有效识别复杂齿轮系统中齿轮早期磨损故障。     

Influence of different load models on gear crack path shapes and fatigue lives

A computational model for determination of the service life of gears with regard to bending fatigue at gear tooth root is presented. In conventional fatigue models of the gear tooth root, it is usual to approximate actual gear load with a pulsating force acting at the highest point of the single tooth contact. However, in actual gear operation, the magnitude as well as the position of the force changes as the gear rotates. A study to determine the effect of moving gear tooth load on the gear service life is performed. The fatigue process leading to tooth breakage is divided into crack‐initiation and crack‐propagation period. The critical plane damage model has been used to determine the number of stress cycles required for the fatigue crack initiation. The finite‐element method and linear elastic fracture mechanics theories are then used for the further simulation of the fatigue crack growth.     

球面渐开线齿形的螺旋锥齿轮NURBS设计

 为避免传统设计和加工的近似球面渐开线齿形螺旋锥齿轮存在的缺陷,提出了一种新型螺旋锥齿轮设计方案．从齿面精确组成和形状特征出发,将球面渐开线理论应用于齿面基本曲线的方程表达式求导中,实现了齿面曲线的分段参数化．然后,对组成齿面的各区域分别求取齿面离散点数据,并采用三次均匀B样条曲面方法进行初步的拟合与拼接．为了进一步提高齿面精度,借助NURBS方法对拼接后的齿面进行了统一的NURBS精确拟合,并给出了齿面统一参数化的优化方法．最后的算例表明了相关方法的精确性和可行性,为螺旋锥齿轮的数字化设计与NURBS加工提供了新的思路与途径．     

局部均值分解在齿轮故障诊断中的应用研究

局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,简称LMD)作为一种新的自适应的时频分析方法,在故障诊断领域开始得到研究。本文利用仿真信号研究了LMD算法的特性,验证了LMD处理描述齿轮故障信号特征的多分量调幅调频信号的有效性;在此基础上将LMD综合应用于断齿、磨损和剥落三种齿轮故障诊断中,并与传统解调方法进行了对比。结果表明,LMD方法可以有效提取故障齿轮的故障特征,消除虚假成分的影响,从而提高了齿轮故障诊断的准确性