多孔的修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

通过循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚苯胺/聚砜(PAN/PSF)复合膜修饰电极,考察了电极对抗坏血酸(AA)的电催化性能。结果显示,PAN/PSF复合膜修饰电极对AA有很好的电催化氧化作用和高的稳定性。氧化峰电流与AA浓度在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为6×10-6 mol/L。该电极制备简单、灵敏度高、检测限低,对水果中AA具有很好的检测效果。     

{H3[PMo12O40]/Pt/PAMAM}复合膜的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上制备了{H3[PMo12O40]/Pt/PAMAM}复合膜,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱技术(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了膜的组成、形貌及其对甲醇的电催化氧化活性。结果表明,Pt纳米粒子在PAMAM基底上分散均匀;最外层沉积H3[PMo12O40]后,与相同条件下制备的Pt/PAMAM膜相比,{H3[PMo12O40]/Pt/PAMAM}复合膜修饰电极对甲醇的氧化有更强的电催化活性。     

叶酸在聚苯胺修饰铂电极上的电催化氧化行为

采用电化学聚合法制备了聚苯胺修饰的铂电极(PAN/Pt),并用循环伏安法(CV)研究了该电极对叶酸(FA)的电催化氧化性能。结果显示:FA在裸铂电极上的直接电化学氧化十分迟缓,无氧化峰出现,而在PAN/Pt修饰电极上0.561V处出现氧化峰,表明此电极对FA有很良好的电催化作用。另外,氧化峰电流与叶酸浓度在1×10-12 mol/L~1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限为1×10-11 mol/L。利用该电极测定市售叶酸片中的叶酸,获得令人满意的结果。     

聚吡咯/聚砜复合膜修饰电极的制备及其对对苯二酚的电化学催化性能

采用循环伏安法电化学聚合制备了聚吡咯(PPY)/聚砜(PSF)复合膜修饰电极.结果发现:复合膜的正面(与工作电极接触的一面)是黑色的;而反面(与溶液接触的一面)是白色的.复合膜的表面形态和化学组分分别用SEM和FTIR表征,用电化学循环伏安法对PPY/PSF复合膜修饰电极的电化学催化性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:所得复合膜修饰电极电化学可逆性好并且对对苯二酚有显著的催化效果,其氧化峰电流在5～30mM的范围内与对苯二酚的浓度呈线性关系,表明该复合膜修饰电极在对苯二酚H2Q的监测方面将有潜在的用途.     

铂粒子修饰的聚苯胺/醋酸纤维素复合膜电极对甲醛的催化氧化

采用循环伏安法在酸性溶液中成功的制备出聚苯胺(PANI)/醋酸纤维素(CA)复合膜,原子力显微镜显示:复合膜具有不对称的微孔结构,正面是不规则微孔结构的聚苯胺层,反面是海绵状的醋酸纤维素层.用电沉积法将铂沉积到PANI/CA复合膜上,研究发现Pt修饰的PANI/CA复合膜电极对甲醛有较高的催化活性和稳定性.     

燃料电池用高效Pt/C催化电极材料的结构和电化学性能研究

采用离子束溅射技术制备Pt/C催化电极(Pt层厚度为50nm),电极耗铂量降低至0.10mg/cm2,电极具有良好的电化学性能.研究了碳质载体上不同沉积条件制备的Pt/C催化电极的结构和电化学性能.结果表明Pt膜为fcc结构,采用高束电压高束电流情况下沉积的铂电极电化学性能有显著提高.电极连续运转1000小时后催化活性未明显下降.     

甲酸在纳米Pt/PdNWAs电极上的电催化氧化

用多孔氧化铝为模板,通过恒电位法沉积制得钯(Pd)纳米线,再用循环伏安法在Pd纳米线表面沉积铂(Pt)纳米粒子,制得纳米Pt/PdNWAs复合催化剂,并用扫描电镜进行了表征。结果表明,纳米Pt/PdNWAs电极相比PdNWAs电极和纳米Pt电极,对甲酸具有更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性,甲酸的浓度为1.00mol/L时,经直接途径氧化的峰电流达到12.33mA,而经间接途径氧化的峰电流达到10.85mA。     

石墨烯支持Pt纳米粒子修饰电极的制备及电催化活性研究

采用一步电化学法制备了石墨烯支持Pt纳米粒子修饰电极(Nano-Pt/ERGO/GCE),利用交流阻抗研究了电极的性能以及该修饰电极的电催化活性。结果表明,采用循环伏安法制备石墨烯支持Pt纳米粒子,具有制备方法简单且纳米粒子粒径可控等优点。与单独的Pt纳米粒子修饰电极相比,Nano-Pt/ERGO/GCE电极表面Pt粒子分布更均匀,对甲醇的氧化具有极强的电催化活性。研究成果在甲醇燃料电池的研发中具有潜在的应用价值。     

循环伏安法制备聚吡咯/聚砜复合膜

采用循环伏安法电化学聚合制备了聚吡咯(PPY)/聚矾(PSF)复合膜,结果发现:复合膜的正面(与工作电极接触的一面)是黑色的,而反面(与溶液接触的一面)是白色的.复合膜的表面形态和化学组分分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)进行了表征,讨论了吡咯和聚砜的含量对复合膜性能的影响,分析了复合膜的形成过程.     

Pt/{GN/CuPW_(11)}_n复合膜的制备及其对甲醇氧化电催化性能

利用层接层自组装法(Layer-by-Layer assembly,LBL)制备过渡金属取代多金属氧酸盐Cu PW_(11)与石墨烯的复合膜{GN/Cu PW_(11)}_n,再通过恒电位法将Pt纳米粒子电沉积到复合膜上得到Pt/{GN/Cu PW_(11)}_n复合膜催化剂。用AFM、SEM、XRD和XPS对Pt/{GN/Cu PW_(11)}_4复合多层膜的组分和表面形貌进行了表征,结果表明:载体多层膜{GN/Cu PW_(11)}_4表面较为平整均匀,在选定恒电位下沉积在载体表面的Pt纳米粒子呈现花簇状且分布均匀。Pt/{GN/Cu PW_(11)}_4复合多层膜中Pt主要以Pt(0)形式存在,还含有少量Pt(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅳ)。电催化实验研究结果显示:引入Cu PW_(11)有效增强了Pt/GN复合膜催化剂的催化活性、电化学稳定性和抗CO毒化性能。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.