电弧喷涂工艺参数对1Cr13涂层与45钢结合强度的影响

电弧喷涂技术常用于机械零件如柱塞、曲轴等的修复.喷涂层与基体的结合强度直接影响其寿命,并与喷涂工艺有密切的关系.用正交设计试验方案,在45钢基体上采用电弧喷涂方法制备了1Cr13涂层,并通过涂层结合强度试验考察了喷涂工艺参数与涂层结合强度的关系.结果表明:电弧喷涂1Cr13钢丝的优化工艺参数为:电压32 V,电流240 A,喷涂压力0.7 MPa,喷涂距离150 mm;影响涂层结合强度的工艺参数从主到次依次为电弧电流、喷涂压力、喷涂距离和喷涂电压.     

45钢表面大气等离子喷涂氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆热障涂层及其性能

为了制备高性能热障涂层,缩短国内外差距,在45钢表面大气等离子喷涂氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)热障涂层。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析YSZ涂层的相结构和微观形貌,分别测定了YSZ涂层的孔隙率、热导率、显微硬度、结合强度及隔热性能。结果表明:YSZ涂层的孔隙率、隔热温差随喷涂电压增大而减小,随喷涂距离的增加而增大;维氏硬度、结合强度和热导率随喷涂电压增大而增大,随喷涂距离增加而减小;当喷涂电压为80 V,喷涂距离为100 mm时,YSZ热障涂层的结合强度为36.78 MPa,热导率为0.705 W/(m·K),具有较好的隔热性能。     

钛铝双丝超音速电弧喷涂Al-TiN复合材料涂层的组织结构研究

利用超音速电弧喷涂设备和铝、钛金属丝材,在LY12铝合金基体上制备了多相复合材料涂层.采用机械抛光、化学浸蚀和干涉薄膜显示法,在光学显微镜下对涂层的组织结构进行了观察.利用X射线衍射,通过均匀实验设计和逐步回归分析方法,研究了工艺参数对涂层组织结构的影响规律,并对涂层的形成机理进行了分析.结果表明:650℃×10min的热染处理可清晰显示复合材料涂层的多相组织特征;涂层以Al,TiN为主、并含少量Ti及钛铝化合物.涂层中氮化钛与铝的相对量(ITiN/Al)与喷涂电压和喷涂电流有关,与喷涂距离无关,且喷涂电压和喷涂电流之间存在交互作用.当喷涂电流小于69A时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电压的增大而减小;当喷涂电流大于69A,ITiN/Al随喷涂电压的升高而增大,且喷涂电流愈大,其增加的速率也愈大.当喷涂电压(U)小于某一临界值(141.5-2.337U)时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电流的增大而减小;当喷涂电压大于临界值(141.5-2.337U)时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电流的增大而增大;喷涂电压和电流对电弧喷涂过程中初始熔滴温度、尺寸和熔滴形成频率的综合影响,造成熔滴与空气介质的反应时间变化,对涂层中TiN和Al相对量起决定作用.     

钛铝双丝超音速电弧喷涂Al-TiN复合材料涂层的组织结构研究EI

利用超音速电弧喷涂设备和铝、钛金属丝材,在LY12铝合金基体上制备了多相复合材料涂层.采用机械抛光、化学浸蚀和干涉薄膜显示法,在光学显微镜下对涂层的组织结构进行了观察.利用X射线衍射,通过均匀实验设计和逐步回归分析方法,研究了工艺参数对涂层组织结构的影响规律,并对涂层的形成机理进行了分析.结果表明:650℃×10min的热染处理可清晰显示复合材料涂层的多相组织特征;涂层以Al,TiN为主、并含少量Ti及钛铝化合物.涂层中氮化钛与铝的相对量(ITiN/Al)与喷涂电压和喷涂电流有关,与喷涂距离无关,且喷涂电压和喷涂电流之间存在交互作用.当喷涂电流小于69A时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电压的增大而减小;当喷涂电流大于69A,ITiN/Al随喷涂电压的升高而增大,且喷涂电流愈大,其增加的速率也愈大.当喷涂电压(U)小于某一临界值(141.5-2.337U)时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电流的增大而减小;当喷涂电压大于临界值(141.5-2.337U)时,ITiN/Al随喷涂电流的增大而增大;喷涂电压和电流对电弧喷涂过程中初始熔滴温度、尺寸和熔滴形成频率的综合影响,造成熔滴与空气介质的反应时间变化,对涂层中TiN和Al相对量起决定作用.     

超音速冷气体动力喷涂的涂层微结构

超音速冷气体动力喷涂是近年来兴起的一种表面涂层和粉末固结的新技术.本文在自行建造的冷喷涂实验装置上,实现了以氮气为载气的铜粉向铝板的超音速冷喷涂沉积.采用金相显微镜、表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜和x射线衍射仪等对冷喷涂涂层样件的微结构特性进行了分析.结果表明,金属粒子与基板之间高速撞击过程中发生的塑性变形,使其与基板相结合,实现沉积.x射线衍射仪检测结果表明涂层成份基本与粉末成份相同,喷涂前后金属粉末未被氧化.涂层中存在少量的铜-铝合金,证明冷喷涂形成的涂层具有很高的结合强度,甚至在局部可以形成冶金结合.     

电弧喷涂工艺参数对Fe基涂层组织及耐磨性的影响

为保证大面积施工过程中电弧喷涂涂层质量的稳定性,采用正交设计方法研究了电弧喷涂工艺参数对Fe基耐磨涂层耐磨性的影响.确定最佳电弧喷涂工艺参数为:喷涂电流180 A,喷涂电压32 V,喷涂压力0.55 MPa,喷涂距离100 mm.试验结果表明:采用优化后的最佳工艺参数喷涂,涂层相对耐磨性为Q235钢的15.6倍,比优化前的1号涂层相对耐磨性提高近1倍.涂层中的孔隙率是影响涂层耐磨性的主要因素,采用适中的电弧电压可减少涂层中的孔隙率和氧化物数量,有利于提高涂层的耐磨性,获得具有良好综合性能的涂层.     

喷涂工艺参数对可磨耗封严涂层的组织与性能的影响研究

研究了某可磨耗封严涂层在火焰喷涂过程中,送粉栽气N2的变化对涂层组织和性能的影响规律.研究发现:随着送粉载气N2流量增大,喷涂粒子的运动速度加快,涂层中的孔隙细小弥散,孔隙率降低,涂层的硬度和结合强度升高,涂层中有氧化现象.     

几种Ni-Cr系热喷涂涂层的抗热腐蚀性能和结合强度

针对电站锅炉耐热钢管材(12Cr2MoWVTiB)在燃煤烟气下的热腐蚀机制,设计了几种Ni-Cr系涂层;对不同涂层结构和不同热喷涂工艺制备的涂层试样,进行了硫酸盐热腐蚀动力学对比试验.结果表明,等离子喷涂双层复合涂层具有最好的耐蚀性能;对等离子喷涂和线材火焰喷涂的两种Ni-Cr系涂层采用胶结拉伸法进行了结合强度对比试验,并分析了两种 Ni-Cr系涂层的横断面形貌,结果表明等离子喷涂双层复合涂层的缺陷和孔洞明显较少,结构较为致密,其结合强度远远高于线材火焰喷涂的单层Ni-Cr涂层.     

铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺参数优化研究

为了使铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂涂层获得优良的涂层性能,选择涂层孔隙率为判据,通过正交试验和OLYC IA m3金相图像分析系统对铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺进行了优化,同时采用SprayW atch热喷涂监控系统对喷涂过程中粒子的飞行速度和温度进行了测定.经研究得到了铝基粉芯丝材电弧喷涂的最佳工艺参数.结果表明,影响铝基涂层致密性的工艺因素按主次顺序分别为喷涂气压、喷涂电压和喷涂距离;在所选试验范围内,随气体压力和喷涂电压的增大、喷涂距离的减小,涂层的孔隙率降低;在优化的喷涂工艺参数条件下,铝基涂层最小孔隙率可达1.3%.     

铜基体上制备ZrO2-NiCrAlY梯度喷涂层的组织及其性能

功能梯度涂层能提高涂层与基体问的结合力、耐磨性,以往对铜基体上喷涂功能梯度涂层的研究较少.用等离子喷涂法,在铜基体上制备了zrO2-NiCrAlY梯度涂层.利用扫描电镜对涂层的组织形貌、成分进行了分析,对涂层的结合强度和抗热震性能进行了试验研究,并对试样进行了高温扩散处理.结果表明,梯度涂层设计合理,实现了成分和组织的连续梯度变化;与双层涂层相比,梯度涂层的结合强度和抗热震性有显著提高,涂层的结合以机械结合为主,梯度涂层内部是基体-涂层体系中最薄弱的环节;600℃热处理后,基体与涂层之间出现了扩散层.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.