Mg-Li超轻合金的研究与应用

综述了Mg-Li超轻合金的合金系研究、制备新技术及其在结构材料和功能材料领域的研究和应用,指出了存在的问题,并展望了Mg-Li超轻合金的发展前景.     

Mg-Li系合金超塑性研究进展

超塑性是材料在一定温度和应变速率下表现出异常高塑性的能力。Mg-Li合金具有超轻的密度、高比刚度和良好的电磁屏蔽能力,可望在航天、军事、汽车、3C电子等领域获得应用。综述了国内外Mg-Li合金超塑性研究现状,介绍了轧制、挤压、等通道转角挤压、搅拌摩擦加工、差速轧制、高压扭转和多向锻造方法获得的超塑性。指出了Mg-Li合金超塑性存在的问题和今后进一步研究的方向。     

Mg-Li合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备及其耐蚀性能

通过三种优化工艺体系在Mg-5%Li合金表面上生长陶瓷膜层,分析了膜层的厚度、显微结构、相组成和耐蚀性.结果表明,三种膜层都含有MgO相,微弧氧化试样的耐蚀性能都明最提高.使用Na3PO4体系制备的膜层含有MgF2,膜层最厚、表面有大量裂纹;使用Na2SiO3体系制备的膜层含有橄榄石型Mg2SiO4,耐点蚀性能最好;使用Na2SiO3-Na3PO4体系制备的膜层含有MgSiO3,致密性最好,膜层酎均匀腐蚀性能最好.     

加工工艺对钎焊铝箔冷轧复合质量的影响

热交换器用钎焊铝箔是一类高附加值的产品,其现有的生产工艺以热轧复合为主.随着能源、环保等方面的要求,人们开始探索冷轧复合钎焊铝箔材的生产工艺.以3003合金为芯材、4004合金为包覆材进行冷轧实验,重点分析了冷轧复合工艺对箔材复合结果和质量的影响.     

镁锂合金表面陶瓷膜的制备工艺及耐蚀性能

在硅酸盐体系中,利用单相脉冲微弧氧化技术在Mg-5wt%Li合金表面原位生长陶瓷膜.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电化学分析、盐水浸泡等方法研究了陶瓷膜的形貌特征、相结构及耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:硅酸盐电解液体系中生长的陶瓷膜主要含有MgO相和少量的MgSiO3相,微弧氧化陶瓷膜试样与基体相比,耐点腐蚀性能显著提高,盐水浸泡过程中陶瓷膜主要发生严重腐蚀.通过正交试验优化耐蚀膜层的制备工艺条件,得到最佳工艺为电流密度2A/dm2、频率300Hz、占空比80%、处理时间20min.     

冷轧Al_(0.3)CoCrFeNi高熵合金退火再结晶组织和织构的演变

利用维氏硬度计(HV)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),研究了90%冷轧Al0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金在900℃退火过程中的微观组织和织构演变规律。结果表明:退火0.5h合金发生完全再结晶,退火孪晶形成于再结晶面心立方(FCC)晶粒内;经退火1h后,富集Al-Ni原子的有序体心立方(BCC)相优先于FCC相的晶界处形核,且FCC相和BCC相均随着退火时间(1h~10h)的延长而发生晶粒长大。再结晶FCC相的织构组分主要为强{123},〈634〉S织构和强α-{110}纤维织构,{001}〈100〉立方织构随着退火时间的延长也逐渐转化为强织构;再结晶过程的进行使无择优取向的初始BCC晶核选择性长大,{111}〈112〉织构从而演变为强BCC相织构。     

不同相Mg-Li合金微弧氧化的成膜特征

为了认识Mg-Li结构对其微弧氧化陶瓷膜的影响,研究了纯α相、α+β双相及纯β相Mg-Li合金在Na2SiO3溶液中微弧氧化的成膜特点。采用ICP-AES测量了微弧氧化时基体中Li+的析出量;通过SEM,EDS,XRD等分析了陶瓷膜表面和截面形貌、元素分布及其相组成;利用测厚仪测量了陶瓷膜的厚度。结果显示:β相基体中的Li在微弧氧化过程中的析出量超过α相和α+β相;α相击穿电压最低,最终槽压最大;α+β相膜层最为均匀,孔洞最少;陶瓷膜均由O,Na,Mg,Si 4种元素组成;α相膜层由MgO相组成,α+β相和β相膜层均由MgO和Mg2SiO4两相组成;α相基体表面膜层最厚,膜层厚度随时间都呈近似抛物线变化。     

冷轧工艺及退火温度对Al-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

在实验室范围内制备了一种适用于汽车内板的Al-Mg合金材料。对厚度为6mm的热轧板采用不同的冷轧及退火工艺得到了1mm厚的板材。通过阳极覆膜和拉伸试验等方法系统研究了材料的显微组织和力学性能,并计算得到了材料的成形性能参数,包括平均应变硬化指数,平均塑性应变比和极限拉深比。结果表明:总压下率一定时,采用一次冷轧压下量为33.3%、二次冷轧压下量为75%的冷轧工艺可以得到较高的强度和较优的成形性能。在350~450℃的温度范围内,合金在450℃最终退火后表现出较好的成形性能。所得结果对此材料的实际应用有较大指导作用。     

复合铝板幕墙的制作与安装及其外保温技术

本文着重介绍了复合铝板幕墙的功能,幕墙板和骨架的制作及安装,还介绍汕头国际会展中心采用复合铝板幕墙的应用情况。同时还介绍了建筑复合铝板幕墙外保温技术的施工、质量要求及应用效果。该技术在高层建筑墙体保温技术中具有较好的推广前景。     

热轧水冷Cu-Ni-Si合金的时效与冷轧工艺改进

研究了时效对不同状态Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn合金性能的影响,发现时效冷轧产生的高密度位错在时效初期和后期对溶质原子的析出分别起着促进和抑制两种相反的作用.对热轧水冷 60%冷轧合金的时效及冷轧工艺进行了正交试验.结果表明,各因素对电导率和显微硬度影响程度的主次顺序分别为:时效温度＞时效时间＞时效后冷轧量,和时效温度＞时效后冷轧量＞时效时间.对热轧水冷并60%冷轧合金直接进行适当的时效和冷轧工艺,可以获得和合金固溶 时效后相当的性能,为生产中省去固溶工艺提供了参考依据.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Li-1Al sheets prepared by accumulative roll bonding

Ultrafine-grain and high-strength Mg-5Li-1Al sheets were prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of ARB-processed Mg-5Li-1Al sheets was investigated.Results show that, during ARB process, the evolution of deformation mechanism of t Mg-5Li-1Al alloy is as follows: twinning deformation, shear deformation, forming macro shear zone, and finally dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The grain refining mechanism changes from twin DRX to rotation DRX. With the increase in ARB cycles, strength of the Mg-5Li-1Al sheets is enhanced, whilst elongation varies slightly. With the increase in rolling cycles, anisotropy of mechanical properties decreases. It is conclusive that strain hardening and grain refinement dominate the strengthening mechanism of Mg-5Li-1Al alloy.     

热压扩散焊接法制备Ti-Al复合电极材料及性能

采用热压扩散法制备Ti-Al复合电极材料, 并通过SEM、 四探针法、 EDS、 电化学工作站等测试手段 对样品的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明: 热压扩散焊接在压力6 MPa、 焊接温度550℃、 氩气中保温时间≥90 min 的条件下, 可以实现Ti和Al的冶金结合, 而且扩散反应层产物的变化过程是: TiAl→TiAl₂→TiAl₃; 复合材料的电化学性能较纯Ti的有所提高, 制备工艺条件对电化学性能的影响与对电阻率的影响一致; 在同等条件下, 复合材料的极化电位较纯钛下降37~54 mV, 其电流密度至少可提高59.29%, 电阻率仅为纯钛的1/10。     

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3/SiC hybrid composite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding process

In this investigation, a new kind of metal matrix composites with a matrix of pure aluminum and hybrid reinforcement of Al₂O₃ and SiC particles was fabricated for the first time by anodizing followed by eight cycles accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The resulting microstructures and the corresponding mechanical properties of composites within different stages of ARB process were studied. It was found that with increasing the ARB cycles, alumina layers were fractured, resulting in homogenous distribution of Al₂O₃ particles in the aluminum matrix. Also, the distribution of SiC particles was improved and the porosity between particles and the matrix was decreased. It was observed that the tensile strength of composites improved by increasing the ARB passes, i.e. the tensile strength of the Al/1.6 vol.% Al₂O₃/1 vol.% SiC composite was measured to be about 3.1 times higher than as-received material. In addition, tensile strength of composites decreased by increasing volume fraction of SiC particles to more than 1 vol.%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fractured surfaces showed that the failure mechanism of broken hybrid composite was shear ductile rupture.     

Al2O3/Cu/Al扩散连接工艺参数的优化

通过一定范围内的强度实验数据建立了Al2O3/Cu/Al扩散连接工艺规范参数优化的数学模型，得到了评价接头综合性能的回归方程。利用该方程求得最佳接头性能的工艺参数为：T＝777K、t=1226s。对该工艺规范扩散连接的Al2O3/Cu/Al接头进行强度试验，接头抗拉强度为108MPa、剪切强度为45MPa。强度试验结果表明，接头获得最佳综合强度值的工艺规范介于获得最大抗拉强度值时的规范与获得最大剪切值时的规范之间。在最佳综合规范下，接头的抗拉强度和剪切强度值与最大抗拉强度、最大剪切强度值接近，这表明数学模型所计算出来的最佳规范与实际值吻合较好。     

SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的制备

采用化学刻蚀法在SiC/Al复合材料表面构筑微纳结构,通过SEM和表面接触角测量仪分析刻蚀表面的微观形貌特征及润湿特性,并探讨了其与刻蚀时间之间的关系;借助热震试验评价SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的温度骤变耐受特性。结果表明:弥散分布的微米级SiC颗粒的存在使得刻蚀后的SiC/Al复合材料表面易形成由微米级粒状结构和纳米级凹坑结构复合而成的微观结构;氟硅烷修饰后的蚀刻表面的接触角最高达到166.8°,滚动角最低为3°,具有很好的超疏水特性;SiC/Al基超疏水表面具有较好的耐受温度骤变特性。     

应用于FED Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜的研究

利用Ag的高温抗氧化能力,采用磁控溅射沉积Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜,并在480℃下进行热处理。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）研究表明磁控溅射的Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜表面平整,热处理后表面Al膜生成致密的氧化层。溅射沉积和热处理过程中Ag和Al原子的相互扩散,最后形成富Ag的Ag-Al合金和Ag3Al化合物。Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜比Ag/Al复合薄膜的电阻率增大了一个数量级,导电复合薄膜热处理后导电性能更优,电阻率约为19.4×10-6Ω.cm。     

Wear behavior of nanostructured Al/Al2O3 composite fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process

In the present work, wear behavior of nanostructured aluminum and composite performed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process was investigated. The wear characteristics were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Also, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and crystallographic texture investigations were performed. The results indicated that the ARB process led to the decrease in wear resistance of the monolithic and composite samples compared with as-received aluminum strip. The adhesive, abrasive and delaminating wear mechanisms occurred in the monolithic and composite samples simultaneously. At higher number of ARB cycles, delamination was the dominant wear mechanism. It was found that the surface damage of the composite was more extensive than that of the monolithic sample due to the occurrence of spalling mechanism. It was suggested that the intense Rotated Cube {0 0 1}〈1 1 0〉 texture component of composite helped to crack nucleation and propagation greatly. The role of delamination and especially, spalling in decreasing the wear resistance of composite was very important such that it eliminated the role of reinforcing particles and grain size on the wear resistance.     

镁锂合金的锰系磷化膜

为提高镁锂合金的耐蚀性,在镁锂合金表面制成了耐蚀性能较好的锰系磷化膜,采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、时间电位曲线等电化学测试方法及SEM、EDS分析方法,研究了镁锂合金锰系磷化主盐浓度、磷化时间、金属离子、磷化助剂对磷化膜耐蚀性的影响,测试了试样在加入不同磷化助剂磷化时表面电极电位随时间的变化,观察了不同时间、温度条件下磷化膜的微观形貌,对比了锰系、锌系磷化膜的微观形貌,分析了膜层的组成.结果表明,随主盐高锰酸钾浓度的增加,膜层耐蚀性增加,适宜的磷化时间为20min,镍离子对磷化的促进作用大于铜离子,柠檬酸钠为较好的磷化助剂,锰系磷化膜较平整光滑,但膜层带有裂纹,随温度的增加裂纹加深,膜层的主要成分为磷酸锰.     

退火工艺对Al/Mg/Al复合板界面结合与阻尼性能的影响

研究了Al/Mg/Al三明治结构复合板的退火热处理工艺,探讨了退火温度、时间对复合界面和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:退火使得Mg层中的孪晶及变形组织消失,晶粒明显长大,且可以促进Al-Mg界面原子的相互扩散。随着退火温度的升高,界面效应对复合板的阻尼性能影响由不利转变为有利,在250℃下随着退火时间的延长,复合板的阻尼性能有一定的提高。综合复合板的组织与性能要求,得到Al/Mg/Al复合板的最佳退火工艺为250℃×2h,在应变振幅为5×10~(-4)下复合板的阻尼值Q~(-1)达0.045。     

Diffusion bonding of Fe-28Al(Cr) alloy with low-carbon steel in vacuum

Fe-28Al(Cr) alloy and low-carbon steel were diffusion bonded in a vacuum of 10⁻⁴-10⁻⁵ Pa. The relationship of the bond parameters and shear strength at the interface was discussed. Microstructure characteristics and the reaction products at the interface were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The thickness of the diffusion reaction layer was measured with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that controlling bonding temperature 1333 K for 3.6 ks, shear strength at the interface can be up to 112 MPa. Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the vacuum diffusion bonding, namely FeAl, Fe₃Al and α-Fe (Al) solid solution. The thickness (X) of the diffusion reaction layer increases with bonding time (t) according to a parabolic law X²=6.4×10³ exp(−104.1/RT)(t-t₀) (μm²).