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1.
目前,室内空气中的VOC问题比较严重。由于劣质的建筑材料和装修材料流人市场和室内装修采用了过多的合成材料、涂料引起的VOC超标问题必须引起我们的关注。室内空气中挥发性有机物的超标,严重危害着人们的身体健康,本文分析了室内空气中挥发性有机物污染的主要源头;重点介绍室内挥发性有机物的样品采集和技术;阐述了控制室内空气中挥发性有机化合物危害的方法,对保障人民生活质量具有积极的意义。  相似文献   

2.
室内挥发性有害有机物限量标准研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
室内挥发性有害有机物的种类繁多,我国现有室内空气质量标准中有机物的限量指标只有甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC5种。我们通过研究发现室内空气中17种有机挥发性有害物质出现的频率较高,浓度较大,且对人体健康有很大的危害,世界各国和各地区的空气质量标准分别对这17种物质中的部分组分给出了安全限量。通过科学分析我们建议了涵盖甲醛、烷烃类、卤代烃类、苯系物等的室内挥发性有害有机物限量标准,使我国的室内空气质量控制指标更具有效性和针对性。  相似文献   

3.
空气中挥发性有机物的热脱附-气相色谱分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨红梅 《中国计量》2011,(6):100-102
室内空气污染严重影响人们的身体健康。空气中挥发性有机物是烷、烯等有机物的总和,是空气污染的重要指标之一。因此,建立一种准确可靠分析空气挥发性有机物的方法尤为重要。  相似文献   

4.
室内空气中总挥发性有机物(TVOC)分析方法的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对室内挥发性有机物测定方法的不完善,提出了利用热脱附-气相色谱质谱联用测定空气中挥发性有机物的测试方法,测定空气中挥发性有机物的线性范围为0ng~800ng,最低检出限可达0.05μg/m3(采样体积10L计),相对标准偏差4%~10%。该方法灵敏度高、操作简便、重现性好、准确可靠,适合室内空气中挥发性有机物的测定。  相似文献   

5.
分析热湿地区室内空气污染现状,对影响热湿地区室内空气污染因素的独特特征进行总结。介绍国内外热湿环境下挥发性有机物多污染源散发机制的研究现状,指出湿热条件下室内装修家具等具有多污染源的挥发性有机物散发模型及环境影响因素研究的不足,提出对室内温度场、风速场、湿度场、污染物浓度分布进行模拟仿真的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
易新 《制冷》2006,25(1):67-71
本文介绍民用住宅内室内空气主要污染的来源、危害及国家室内空气污染物控制的有关标准。通过对深圳部分民用住宅室内空气污染物现场检测数据的分析,并应用适合我国国情的室内空气品质客观评价方法与评价标准对所检测的民用住宅的室内空气品质进行了客观评价,得出了通风三个月与通风一个月的民用住宅内室内空气品质所处的不同的污染状态,同时说明了与甲醛及可挥发性有机物的超标情况相比,粉尘的超标情况应受到更多的重视。  相似文献   

7.
本文采用国内外先进的仪器,进行了学校各种不同类型房间的室内空气质量的测试;其主要测试参数为:室内空气温度、湿度、气流速度、噪声、照度、CO浓度、CO2浓度、甲醛浓度、粉尘浓度和挥发性有机物(TVOC)等;在此基础上,提出了一些有效的改善室内空气质量的方法和措施.  相似文献   

8.
纳米材料TiO2光催化技术在空气净化中的应用   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
本文分析了纳米TiO2光催化处理室内VOC2的反应机理,以室内空气中常见的挥发性有机物为例,分析了单一初始浓度、室内湿度、紫外光强、迎面风速、温度等因素的影响,及其与反应速率的曲线关系,并与动力学模型L—H进行比较,趋势预测结果满意。  相似文献   

9.
首先介绍了空调系统中新风的作用、新风量的一般确定方法以及新风不足带来的问题,接着介绍室内空气品质(IAQ)新标准和室内主要污染物。结合工程实例,在不同新风量条件下,对青岛市某海边高档写字楼办公室的二氧化碳、甲醛、苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙基苯及二甲苯,简称B.T.E.X)以及总挥发性有机物TVOC进行了现场测试,并以二氧化碳和甲醛作为分析研究对象,分析了新风量对室内空气品质的影响,指出了该办公室内的主要污染物不是二氧化碳,而是室内精装修带来的以甲醛为首的污染物,从而新风量的确定不能仅以稀释二氧化碳为依据,而要以消除室内主要污染物为目的。最后提出了改善室内空气品质的主要方法是改善室内的通风条件,不断补充房间内的新鲜空气,同时要有效置换出室内被污染的空气。  相似文献   

10.
室内空气中苯系物监测技术的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
谢振伟  但德忠 《中国测试技术》2005,31(5):127-129,144
室内空气中苯系物的测定是评价室内环境质量的重要指标之一,针对目前苯系物测定中存在的问题,本文综述了近年来国内外在苯系物的采样及测试技术上的进展,重点评述了各种采样技术(容器捕集法、固体吸附剂采样法和固相微萃取法等)以及以气相色谱法为主的分析方法,并对一些非色谱法的分析技术进行了简介,介绍了同时测定苯系物和总挥发性有机物两个指标监测技术的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

11.
印刷品对读者的安全性是绿色印刷的关注点,而其中挥发性有机物(VOCs)是我们对印刷品关注点。VOCs的采样方法决定检测结果。本文探讨采用气袋法收集印刷品中VOCs,通过热脱附-色谱法测试印刷品中VOCs含量,真实地反映阅读环境周围挥发性有机物的含量,最大限度地保护阅读者的阅读安全。  相似文献   

12.
A thermal desorption equipment introducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric system (GC/MS) with simultaneous sniffing (SNIFF) is a suitable method for identifying the volatile organic off-odor compounds formed during the extrusion coating process of low-density polyethylene. Fumes emitted during the extrusion coating process of three different plastic materials were collected at two different temperatures (285 and 315 degrees C) from an outgoing pipe and near an extruder. The VOCs of fumes were analyzed by drawing a known volume of air through the adsorbent tube filled with a solid adsorbent (Tenax GR). The air samples were analyzed by using a special thermal desorption device and GC/MS determination. The simultaneous sniffing was carried out to detect off-odors and to assist in the identification of those compounds that contribute to tainting and smelling. The amounts of off-odor carbonyl compounds and the total content of the volatile organic compounds were determined. The most odorous compounds were identified as carboxylic acids while the majority of the volatile compounds were hydrocarbons. The detection and quantification of carboxylic acids were based on the characteristic ions of their mass spectra. The higher the extrusion temperature the more odors were detected. An important observation was that the total concentration of volatiles was dependent not only on the extrusion temperature but also on the plastic material.  相似文献   

13.
He Y  Lv Y  Li Y  Tang H  Tang L  Wu X  Hou X 《Analytical chemistry》2007,79(12):4674-4680
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma can be used to split low molecular weight organic compounds, and the DBD-split/excited species can be swept into luminol solution to induce chemiluminescence (CL) emission. Based on this observation, a novel optical detector was proposed and preliminarily tested as a potential gas chromatographic (GC) detector in this work. The advantages of this new type of detector include the following: direct detection, fast response, high sensitivity, versatility (sensitive to a broad range of volatile organic compounds), simple and easy instrumentation, compactness (3.0 mm i.d. x 4.0 mm o.d. x 20 mm length of the DBD device), and low power (less than 5 W). Twelve volatile organic compounds, including methanol, ethanol, propanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, carbon bisulfide, and ethyl ether, were tested with this detector, and each of them produced a large signal. It was found that the CL signal was proportional to the analyte concentration and affected by the DBD parameters. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the limits of detection down to the tens of nanogram level were achieved for methanol, ethanol, propanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. It was then preliminarily tested as a GC detector for the separation of formaldehyde, ethanol, and propanol. This is the new application of DBD in analytical chemistry, and CL was for the first time generated in this way. The new detector can be a potential GC detector suitable for a wide range of volatile organic compounds.  相似文献   

14.
目的研究纸质包装材料中挥发性有机物向食品模拟物中的迁移量。方法选取改性聚苯醚作为食品模拟物,首次建立模拟物MPPO直接顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定包装用纸中23种有机挥发物质迁移量的方法。结果该法测定23种挥发性物质的相关系数R均大于0.998,相对标准偏差为1.4%~4.6%(n=7),检出限为0.03~0.60 mg/m2,加标回收率为81.2%~110.2%。结论该法无需前处理,简单快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,能满足包装用纸中23种有机挥发性物质迁移量的测定要求。  相似文献   

15.
A sensitive personal badge sampler packed with Carbopack B for ambient levels of volatile organic compounds and an analytical system using a thermal desorption-preconcentration-GC/MS have been developed. The capacity of the new sampler was sufficient for an 8-h sampling period, and the analytical method was sensitive enough for the measurement of sub-ppb levels for a 2-h sampling period. The samplers were compared to diffusive samplers (OVM 3500) for typical environmental concentrations. There was a good correlation between the results obtained with the new samplers and the OVM samplers.  相似文献   

16.
Headspace solvent microextraction.   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A hanging microliter drop of 1-octanol is shown to be an excellent preconcentration medium for headspace analysis of volatile compounds in an aqueous matrix by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Model compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) are conveniently and rapidly preconcentrated in the microdrop. An internal standard, decane, is present in the organic extracting solvent, and linear calibration curves of relative peak area versus aqueous concentration are obtained for the four model compounds. Detailed kinetic studies reveal that the overall rate of mass transfer is limited by both the aqueous-phase stirring rate and the degree of convection within the organic phase. The very low vapor pressure of 1-octanol results in minimal evaporation of the microdrop during the extraction time. This system represents an inexpensive, convenient, and precise sample cleanup and preconcentration method for the determination of volatile organic compounds at trace levels.  相似文献   

17.
本文建立了一种研究卷烟商标残留挥发性有机物(VOCs)的快速分析方法。利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术对样品进行前处理,与GC-MS联用对卷烟商标残留有机挥发性成份进行分析。并对纤维头类型、平衡时间、萃取温度等参数进行了优化,着重对SMPE重复性进行了讨论。确定SPME条件为65μmCW/DVB纤维头、平衡时间为20min、萃取温度为100℃。结果表明该方法可有效地分析羟基环已基苯甲酮、二苯甲酮、酯类化合物以及苯系物,为卷烟商标质量控制与有害成份监控提供依据。  相似文献   

18.
This research introduces a new analytical methodology for measuring chemical activity of nonpolar (semi)volatile organic compounds in different sample matrices using automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The chemical activity of an analyte is known to determine its equilibrium concentration in the SPME fiber coating. On this basis, SPME was utilized for the analytical determination of chemical activity, fugacity, and freely dissolved concentration using these steps: (1) a sample is brought into a vial, (2) the SPME fiber is introduced into the headspace and equilibrated with the sample, (3) the SPME fiber is injected into the GC for thermal desorption and analysis, and (4) the method is calibrated by SPME above partitioning standards in methanol. Model substances were BTEX, naphthalene, and alkanes, which were measured in a variety of sample types: liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), wood, soil, and nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Variable sample types (i.e., matrices) had no influence on sampling kinetics because diffusion through the headspace was rate limiting for the overall sampling process. Sampling time was 30 min, and relative standard deviations were generally below 5% for homogeneous solutions and somewhat higher for soil and NAPL. This type of activity measurement is fast, reliable, almost solvent free, and applicable for mixed-media sampling.  相似文献   

19.
The use of microwave energy as a heating source for the field-based headspace sampling and the subsequent determination of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a field-portable HAPSITE gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer has been evaluated. A significant advantage in time reduction has been observed when using microwave energy when compared to conventional resistive-based heating. Such time savings are critical in field operations involving equipment such as the HAPSITE where non-routine sampling is commonly performed and very quick turnaround time is usually needed. Further, the technology also showed significant improvements in terms of sensitivity, thus suggesting its applicability to a broader range of compounds and detection levels than current technologies.  相似文献   

20.
建立了P&T-GC/MS联用分析地表水中的挥发性有机化合物的方法,并对实际水样进行了分析。各目标物的线性回归R值均大于0.999,MDL为0.02-0.11μg/L,RSD为1.3%-6.0%,回收率为90.5%-106%。  相似文献   

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