PAN/PS共混超滤膜的制备及性能研究

采用共混法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)/聚砜(PS)超滤膜,以聚丙烯腈作为第一组分(连续相),聚砜为第二组分(分散相),用相转化法流延成膜;研究共混比、聚合物浓度、添加剂、凝胶浴等对共混膜水通量和截留率的影响,并采用扫描电镜对膜的结构形态进行了观察。结果表明:PAN/PS共混膜与PAN膜具有相似的化学稳定性,但较PAN膜具有更好的分离透过性。     

基于静电纺丝技术制备超滤膜的研究进展

归纳了基于静电纺丝技术制备的超滤膜的原材料,包括聚丙烯腈超滤膜(PAN)、聚砜类超滤膜(PS)、醋酸纤维素超滤膜(CA);介绍了超滤膜的过滤机理和结构;同时阐述了评价超滤性能的两个主要评价指标(即纯水通量、截留率)以及超滤膜在膜污染方面的改善研究.     

以纳米Al2O3为添加剂CA/PAN共混超滤膜的制备

以纳米Al2O3为添加荆,采用相转化法制备了醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯腈(CA/PAN)共混超滤膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)观察不同条件下制备的CA/PAN共混超滤膜的表面、截面及内部的微观结构.结果表明,纳米Al2O3可有效的控制大孔的形成,不同的凝固浴温度时膜的表面及截面结构有很大影响.     

聚丙烯腈共混超滤膜的研究

研究了三种共混聚合物体系(PAN/PVC,PAN/CA,PAN/PS)的不同溶混特性。分别制成相应的共混超滤膜。分析了共混膜的溶混程度变化对膜性能的影响。结果表明,由部分溶混的共混物制成的PAN/PS超滤膜的水通量有较大幅度地提高。     

蔗糖对聚丙烯腈膜的共混改性研究

用蔗糖对聚丙烯腈(PAN)膜进行共混改性,利用相转化法制得PAN共混膜。研究了PAN用量、蔗糖用量、添加剂的种类和用量及凝固浴的种类等制膜条件对PAN共混膜的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:当PAN用量为12%(wt,质量分数,下同),蔗糖用量为6%,添加剂聚乙二醇用量为2%,凝固浴为纯水时,制得的PAN共混膜的水通量和孔隙率最大分别达到421L/m~2·h和85%。     

PAN/CA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能表征

为了研究聚丙烯腈/二醋酸(PAN/CA)复合纳米纤维膜的截滤性能,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂,将PAN/CA以质量比分别为100/0、90/10、80/20共混配制成质量分数为10%的溶液,以静电纺丝技术,制备PAN/CA复合纳米纤维膜.借助扫描电镜(SEM)及相关测试软件,测出复合纳米纤维的平均直径分布...     

碳纳米管/聚砜共混超滤膜的制备与表征

多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)首先经硫酸/硝酸混酸处理,然后与5-异氰酸酯-异酞酰氯反应,得到改性碳纳米管.将改性碳纳米管分散于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中,再与聚砜(PSF)的DMAc溶液混和,以水为凝胶浴,制备碳纳米管/共混超滤膜.共混膜通过全反射红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、渗透性能测试与静态吸附实验测定.结果表明:铸膜液相转化的过程中荷电基团将更倾向于在膜表面聚集,可在温和条件下实现碳纳米管在膜表面的有序排布,使碳纳米管/聚砜超滤膜接触角变小,表面变光滑.     

PVC/ PVA共混膜的制备及性能研究

采用相转化法制备了聚氯乙烯/聚乙烯醇(PVC/PVA)共混膜,讨论了聚乙烯醇与聚氯乙烯的共混相容性,以及聚乙烯醇含量对共混膜透过性能、亲水性能及机械性能的影响.实验结果表明,聚氯乙烯/聚乙烯醇共混体系为部分相容体系;当铸膜液中聚合物质量分数为12%、聚合物中聚乙烯醇质量分数为10%时,共混膜亲水性较好,水通量可由160.3 L/(m~2·h)增大到298.5 L/(m~2·h),对牛血清蛋白的截留率为82.5%,同时膜的弹性和韧性明显增强;聚乙烯醇可以有效地改善聚氯乙烯超滤膜的亲水性和机械性能,是优良的聚氯乙烯膜共混改性材料.     

D-氨基酸改性HNTs/PAN杂化膜的制备及其超滤性能研究

为了提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜的亲水性、水通量以及抗污染能力,以埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)为原料,通过聚多巴胺粘附D-氨基酸,制备埃洛石-聚多巴胺-D-氨基酸(HDD)复合材料.然后以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基体、HDD为添加剂,制备了HDD/PAN杂化膜.借助XRD、TEM/SEM、FTIR、AFM、接触角等分析HDD/PAN杂化膜的微观形貌、化学结构、亲水性能和抗污染性能.结果表明,改性使得D-氨基酸成功附着在HNTs表面,提高了HDD与PAN的相容性,不但使膜具有较粗糙的皮层和更大的指状孔,还进一步提高了膜的超滤性能;其中,HDD添加量为质量分数5%时,杂化膜的水接触角最小,纯水通量、BSA溶液渗透通量以及BSA截留率分别高达1 334.21、61.29 L/(m~2·h)和97.71%.     

PMMA和PVAc共混改性对TiO_2/PAN混合基质膜结构及性能的影响

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基膜材料,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯醋酸酯(PVAc)为共混膜材料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,钛酸四丁酯(TBT)为无机前驱体,采用非溶剂相转化(NIPS)法制备超滤膜.并借助扫描电镜、红外光谱、接触角和渗透性能测试等手段,探讨了PMMA与PVAc添加量对膜结构、水通量、接触角、孔隙率、牛血清蛋白截留率的影响.结果表明,PMMA和PVAc的共混改性,改善了TiO_2/PAN混合基质膜的结构与渗透性能.随着PMMA与PVAc添加量的增加,膜孔隙率增加,膜渗透通量先增加后减小.其中PMMA共混改性膜截留率基本不变,而PVAc共混改性膜截留率略有提升.与PAN混合基质膜相比,当PMMA添加量为2%,所制备的共混改性混合基质膜纯水通量为423.16 L/(m~2·h),提高了2.26倍,对牛血清蛋白的截留率均在93%以上.     

再生纤维素超滤膜的研制及其耐污染性研究

以纤维素浆板和二醋酸纤维素为原料 ,通过直接制膜和醋酸纤维素成膜后水解两种方法制备再生纤维素超滤膜 ,并以酱油、药酒和牛奶等为料液 ,对膜进行了耐污染实验 .与聚砜和聚丙烯腈膜比较 ,再生纤维素膜具有良好的耐污染特性 .     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯腈共混超滤膜的研究

讨论了聚偏氟乙烯／聚丙烯腈共混体系的相容性,对ＰＶＤＦ／ＰＡＮ共混体系的相容性进行了理论分析和相容性预测,并通过实验对相容性进行了评价。结果表明,ＰＶＤＦ／ＰＡＮ属部分共混体系。利用该体系可制得性能优良的ＰＶＤＦ／ＰＡＮ共混超滤膜,讨论了铸膜液的组成、制膜条件对膜性能的影响。并对膜性能和膜结构进行了测试。得到了较好的结果。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜的研究进展

探讨和介绍了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔膜、超滤膜、共混膜和改性膜近来的研究情况，提出开发高性能的疏水性微孔膜和小孔径亲水性超滤膜，并解决亲水性PVDF膜的耐污染问题，成为PVDF膜的主要研究方向、     

Cellulose Acetate and Polyetherimide Blend Ultrafiltration Membranes, I: Preparation, Characterization, and Application

Ultrafiltration (UF) techniques have particular advantages for simultaneous purification, concentration, and fractionation of macromolecules. In this study, polymeric blend ultrafiltration membranes based on cellulose acetate and polyetherimide were prepared by phase inversion technique and characterized in terms of compaction time, pure water flux (PWF), water content, membrane hydraulic resistance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The blend membranes prepared were subjected to the separation of macromolecular proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin (EA), pepsin, and trypsin. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of blend membranes obtained from the protein separation studies is also presented. Toxic heavy metal ions such as copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium were subjected to separation by the blend membranes by complexing them with the polymeric ligand polyethyleneimine. The separation and permeate flux efficiencies of the blend membranes are compared with those of pure cellulose acetate membranes.     

多元合金超滤膜研制

主要研究了聚醚砜（PES）,聚砜（PSF）和磺化聚砜（SPSF）共混所形所的多元合金超滤膜的性能和膜的孔径分布特性,初步探讨了多元合金超滤膜的成孔机理,并对共混体系的组成及相容性与合金超滤膜性能问题的关系作了详细讨论,研究结果且明,共混可明显改善超滤膜的孔径分布和膜的孔结构,为制备高性能越滤膜提供一种有效途径。     

新型五孔PVDF共混改性膜抗污染性能研究

观察新型五孔PVDF共混改性纤维膜SEM形貌特征,测量改性膜的接触角和临界通量,1#(PVDF/PMMA/TPU)、2#(PVDF/PMMA/PVC)共混改性膜分别在次临界和超临界通量下进行过滤实验.结果表明:PVDF共混改性膜具有优良的微观结构,且1#共混膜性能较好;1#共混膜的接触角比2#共混膜小;1#、2#共混膜的临界通量分别为10和14L/(m2.h);1#共混膜比2#共混膜抗污染性能好;次临界通量下共混膜的运行比超临界通量下的稳定.两种共混膜分别在次临界通量下采用单独超滤和混凝+超滤工艺处理某市地表水,得出混凝+超滤工艺处理效果较好,且1#共混膜比2#共混膜处理效果好.     

Removal of chromium from aqueous solution using cellulose acetate and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blend ultrafiltration membranes

A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium has been investigated. Chromium salts are largely used in various industries including leather-manufacturing industry. Ultrafiltration processes are largely being applied for macromolecular and heavy metal ion separation from aqueous streams. Cellulose acetate and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blend ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by precipitation phase inversion technique in 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30% polymer blend compositions and subjected to the rejection of chromium at different concentrations such as 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm with a water-soluble macroligand (polyvinylalcohol). Factors affecting the percentage rejection and permeate flux such as pH, concentration of solute, concentration of PVA, transmembrane pressure and composition of blend membranes were investigated. It was found that percentage rejection improved at a pH 6 and a macroligand concentration of 2 wt.%. The transmembrane pressure and concentration of solute also have an effect on the separation and product rate efficiencies of the blend membranes.     

PVDF/CA共混超滤膜制备及其特性的研究

以醋酸纤维素(CA)作为第二种聚合物成分与聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)共混 ,采用相转化法流涎成膜 ;测试了膜的化学稳定性、抗污染性能以及亲水性等性质 ,对影响膜性能的主要因素进行了考察 ;利用DSC扫描等多种手段对PVDF和CA的相容性作了初步探讨     

Preparation and characterization of poly (methyl methacrylate) and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) blend ultrafiltration membranes for protein separation applications

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (methyl methacrylate)/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) blend membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique in various composition using N,N'-dimethylformamide as solvent. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux, water content, porosity and thermal stability. The addition of SPEEK to the casting solution resulted in membranes with high pure water flux, water content, porosity and slightly low thermal stability. The cross sectional views of the blend membranes under electron microscope confirm the porosity and water flux results. The effect of the addition of SPEEK into the PMMA matrix on the extent of bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation was studied. It was found that the permeate flux increased significantly while the rejection of BSA from aqueous solution reduced moderately during ultrafiltration (UF) process. The effect was attributed to the increase in porosity and charge of the membrane due to the addition of SPEEK into the PMMA blend solution.     

Toxic metal ion separation by cellulose acetate/sulfonated poly(ether imide) blend membranes: effect of polymer composition and additive

Toxic heavy metal ion removal from industrial effluents are gaining increased visibility owing to environmental concern and saving precious materials. In this work, an attempt has been made to remove the valuable metal ions using modified ultrafiltration (UF) blend membranes based on cellulose acetate (CA) and sulfonated poly(ether imide) (SPEI) were prepared in the presence and absence of additive, poly(ethylene glycol) 600 (PEG600) in various compositions. Prepared membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux (PWF), water content and membrane hydraulic resistance. High flux UF membranes were obtained in the range of 15-25 wt% SPEI and 2.5-10 wt% PEG600 in the polymer blend. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the blend membranes were determined using protein separation studies found to vary from 20 to greater than 69 kDa. Surface morphology of the blend membranes were analysed with scanning electron microscopy. Studies were carried out to find the rejection and permeate flux of metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) using polyethyleneimine as the chelating ligand. On increasing the composition of SPEI and PEG600, the rejection of metal ions is decreasing while the permeate flux has an increasing trend. These effects are due to the increased pore formation in the CA/SPEI blend membranes because of the hydrophilic SPEI and polymeric additive PEG600. In general, it was found that CA/SPEI blend membranes displayed higher permeate flux and lower rejection compared to pure CA membranes. The extent of separation of metal ions depends on the affinity of metal ions to polyethyleneimine to form macromolecular complexes and the stability of the formed complexes.