如何缩小国内与国外包装机械技术差距探讨

人们的衣食住行所需的物品，都离不开包装。随着包装在人们生活中越来越成为潮流，包装机械技术的发展也步人了一个新的时期。在新的科学技术以及管理规范的助力下，国内包装机械的发展既迎来了新一轮的发展机遇，也面临着新的挑战，如何顺应包装机械发展趋势，使国内的包装机械取得更大的成就，成为当前国内包装机械发展领域思考的重中之重。     

面向成本设计技术在包装机械设计中的应用

将面向成本设计技术引入包装机械的设计,构建了包含特征建模工具、成组编码与分类识别器和成本估算三大模块的包装机械面向成本设计的体系结构,并提出了包装机械面向成本设计技术的技术路线,最后研究了包装机械面向成本设计的关键技术,包括包含成本信息的包装机械数字化产品建模方法、面向成本的包装机械产品结构优化方法、成本估算方法和零件的分类方法及相似度比较方法等.     

包装机械成套设备模块化设计系统的研究

分析了我国包装机械发展的差距和对策,指出加强包装机械的成套化是提高包装机械水平的主要措施;阐述了模块化设计的思想;建立了包装机械成套设备模块化设计系统的结构模型,并讨论了模块的编码与管理和计算机仿真设计技术的应用.     

包装机械设计方法研究

简述了包装机械的特点及设计要求,在此基础上以单条活鱼包装机为例,介绍了一种适合包装机械特点的、集多种包装机械单一设计方法于一体的优化设计方法,该方法可供广大包装机械设计者参考.     

包装机械的结构设计分析

知识经济的到来给包装机械结构设计提出了新的要求。在知识管理理论的基础之上建立了包装机械结构设计知识管理模型,重点分析了包装机械结构设计知识管理流程和知识支撑条件,最后得出了基于知识管理的包装机械设计流程。     

基于反求工程的包装机械机构创新设计

针对我国包装机械引进、消化、吸收的需要,提出将反求技术、遗传算法与包装技术结合应用,开发包装机械机构设计,并对建立基于遗传算法的包装机械机构设计反求工程研究所涉及的问题进行了探讨.     

包装机械设计中的控制技术

在简单介绍包装机械的基础上,分析了包装机械各主要组成部分对控制的要求,提出了解决包装机械控制系统设计的方法及实用参考程序.     

模块化设计在包装机械设计中的应用

介绍了包装机械模块化设计的思想、特点和方法,论速了模块化设计关键内容--模块划分与接口,最后结合克朗斯公司的贴标机,探讨了其在包装机械中的应用,从而为包装机械的标准化提供了思路.     

基于知识管理理论视角的包装机械结构设计研究

知识经济的到来给包装机械结构设计提出了新的要求。在知识管理理论的基础之上建立了包装机械结构设计知识管理模型，重点分析了包装机械结构设计知识管理流程和知识支撑条件，最后得出了基于知识管理的包装机械设计流程。     

解说食品包装机械创新发展的新途径

现代社会人们生活水平逐渐提高,形形色色的商品包装和时尚挂钩,可以说所有的商品离不开的就是包装及其包装机械。打造出新型的包装机械设备,引领包装机械走向集成化、智能化、高效化方向,将我国的包装机械行业推向新的高度,值得业内关注。论述了食品包装机械行业面临的发展机遇与挑战,分析了食品包装机械产业的发展要求,研究了食品包装机械产品的个性需求和发展重点,同时指出了食品包装机械行业的发展趋势。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.