中国古代几案类家具设计发展研究

目的对中国古代几案类家具发展历程进行探索。方法以历史为脉络,以几案类家具高度尺寸、桌面形态及功能型制的发展特点为参照,对家具设计发展与生活方式、设计生态之间的相互关系、相互影响进行研究,探索几案类家具发展的一般规律。结论通过揭示家具发展规律来帮助设计师走出"中国形式"家具设计的思维定式,为现代中式家具设计提供借鉴。     

中国传统文化的人文精神解读与设计应用

从汉代漆器、宋代瓷器、明清家具以及古代建筑出发,讨论传统文化下的设计特征与思想内涵,对传统文化中的人文精神作了进一步的阐释,以期实现中国传统文化在现代设计中的应用和拓展.     

基于扎根理论的明式家具造型组合规律提取

目的 推动当代中式家具在造型设计上对传统家具文化的继承与创新,促进传统家具与现代家具的融合发展。方法 运用了文献综述、扎根理论和统计学相结合的研究方法,收集大量与明式家具相关的绘画、书籍和期刊等资料信息,对其进行分类整理,再运用扎根理论三级编码的研究方法提取明式家具造型特征,最后运用统计分析方法提炼出明式桌案类家具的造型组合规律。结论 获取了包括腿部造型、足部造型、牙子造型、枨子造型、束腰造型和其他类造型共6大类明式家具造型元素,并提取到29组经典明式桌案类家具造型元素组合方式,以此倡议当代中式家具设计在借鉴明式家具的造型元素时,应遵循明式家具造型组合的规律,在保留经典特色的基础上推陈出新。     

三峡地域民间家具审美特征研究

目的对三峡地域民间家具审美特征的研究,是把握和发掘三峡地域民间文化的一个窗口,也是对传统文化的传承与发展,同时为当今的家具设计和装饰设计提供素材。方法从三峡地域历史文化、地理特征影响家具文化和审美特征形成的关系入手,重点分析三峡民间家具的审美特征,分别从材质、造型和装饰这3个角度进行深入分析,以此来解读三峡地域民间家具的装饰文化和审美观念。结论三峡地域的历史人文与社会经济影响了三峡民间家具的发展;而家具的产生和演变,又反映了三峡的地域特色和文化传统,体现了民间审美观念。三峡地域的家具特色鲜明,造型简洁大方,常常就地取材,以实用性为主;在装饰上摈弃繁琐、堆砌的细节,具有明快清新、朴实无华的艺术风格和美学特征。     

明式椅凳类家具的模件化分析

目的以椅凳为例,从模件化的角度来探讨明式椅凳类家具的生成方法及椅凳类家具的模件化特征。作为我国古代家具的典型代表,明式家具历经数百年不衰。它有着丰富的内涵,蕴含了古代设计者、生产者的造物思想,是古代人民的智慧结晶。从模件的角度来探讨明式家具,可以丰富明式家具的研究体系。方法从明式椅凳本身出发,通过观察、分析明式椅凳类家具,分别从整体与细节上分析了明式椅凳类家具构件的组合方式,论述了明式椅凳家具模件的标准化与丰富性、明式椅凳家具的模件整体组合特征,以及单件明式椅凳家具的模件构成特征。结论明式椅凳类家具由一定数量的模件构成,并且在明式家具的特征范围内,它具有模件互换、能按照一定规则进行组合的模件化特征。     

明式椅类家具的语构学阐释

明式椅类家具作为完善的符号系统,其各种组成成分,如榫卯、腿足、靠背、枨、椅盘、装饰纹样等都可看作是这个符号系统的组成要素,即符号。本文应用语构学理论,对明式椅类家具进行了较为全面的阐释,从一个新的视角重新审视了明式椅类家具,对明式椅类家具文化内涵的中西交流起到了一定的推动作用,也为研究明式家具开辟了一条崭新的途径和方法。     

明式椅的造型艺术研究

目的探究明式椅的造型艺术及其对现代家具设计的启示。方法从明式家具的基本形态入手,探讨明式椅独特又鲜明的造型,并配合实例展开论证,最后总结明式椅的造型设计对现代家具设计的启示。结论明式椅造型设计中体现的精神与文化对现代家具设计有着深刻启示,不仅要积极借鉴其中的传统文化,而且要借鉴其对传统的独特理解方式,在继承与创新中发展现代家具设计。     

区域文化对中国古典家具设计的影响

目的研究区域文化对中国古典家具的影响。方法归纳区域文化的含义以及文化特征,比较分析区域文化和中国传统家具的内在联系。结论区域文化是家具设计文化的基础,对家具设计的发展起到重要的影响。     

符号语义下的有机形态家具造型意象构建

近年来,基于符号语义的家具造型意向构建研究成为家具设计中越来越重要的研究方法之一,这种方法同样适用于有机形态家具与人的认知意向的关联研究。通过对有机形态家具样本进行关键语义词获取、调查研究及数据分析,探究何种语义词符合有机形家具的设计,便于为具有类似形态特征的家具产品生产及使用者的情感联系研究提供参考依据。通过词汇聚类提取关于有机形态家具关键语义词共8组,并进行信度分析;对19组家具样本进行主成分分析以及Q型聚类分析。主成分分析结果表明19组家具样本可综合为3个主成分,Q型聚类结果表明19组家具样本根据8组关键语义词可分为两大类、三大类或五大类,在等级结合线10处分为三大类。语义词动感、轻量感、流畅感是构成此19组有机形家具样本的主要语义意象分类标准。     

明式椅类家具的人体工程学研究

目的通过对明式椅类家具的人体工程学进行分析,明确优缺点,从而拓展现代家具设计。方法以人体工程学研究方法为基础,从人的心理、生理对明式椅类家具进行分析。结论明式椅类家具的功能中有着一定的精神与文化因素,造就了其设计原则,即尊严第一,舒适第二。当尊严与舒适发生矛盾时,舒适一定要让位于尊严。拓展设计时,结合明式椅类家具的人体工程学优缺点,其伦理功能应进行有目的的取舍,以便更好地适应现代人的生活方式。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.