Cu-水纳米流体对流换热特性研究

建立了测量纳米流体流动与对流换热性能的实验系统,探讨了不同pH值、分散剂浓度和纳米粒子质量分数对Cu-水纳米流体对流换热性能的影响。结果表明:pH值对Cu-水纳米流体对流换热系数的影响较小,这个现象启发了我们将纳米流体应用到未来工业中,可以不考虑pH值对纳米流体对流换热性能的影响。分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米流体对流换热系数的重要因素,从分散稳定、导热系数和对流换热系数提高三个方面来考虑,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%十二烷基苯磺酸钠被选为最优化浓度。另外,Cu-水纳米流体的对流换热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,但其对流换热系数的增加明显低于导热系数的增加。     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的制备及其分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质Al2O3-H2O纳米流体,给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性.同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,粉体体系的分散性能越好;pH值约在8.0时,溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高,吸光度较大,说明此时有较好的分散效果;SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒问静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性.在0.1%纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液中,SDBS分散剂最佳加入量(质量分数)为0.10%时,能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系.     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子，研制了一种新型传热冷却工质-氧化铝-水纳米流体，给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性．同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度，探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响。结果表明：zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系，zeta电位绝对值越高，吸光度越大，粉体体系的分散性能越好；pH值约在8.0时，溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高，吸光度较大，说明此时有较好的分散效果．SDBS能显著提高水溶液中舢203表面zeta电位绝对值，增大了颗粒间静电排斥力，改善了悬浮液稳定性。在0．1％纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液中，SDBS分散剂最佳加入量（质量分数）为0．10％时，能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系。     

纳米铜粉在无水乙醇中的分散稳定性

为了实现纳米颗粒的分级,研究影响纳米铜粉在无水乙醇中分散稳定性的因素。通过测定纳米铜粉分散在无水乙醇中形成的悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,探讨悬浮液中分散剂的加入量和pH值对纳米Cu粉末在无水乙醇中的分散稳定性的影响。结果表明:当质量分数为0.01%的纳米铜粉分散在无水乙醇中,当分散剂加入量为0.008%(质量分数)时,分散稳定性最好。在此条件下,调节pH将降低其分散稳定性。     

纳米Al2O3在水相体系中的分散稳定性研究

主要研究了pH值、分散剂（SDBS、CTAB、GA）种类和分散剂的浓度对纳米Al2O3在水相体系中进行分散时的影响。实验结果表明：pH值在8左右，SDBS、GA作为分散剂时，纳米Al2O3悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值较大，粒径较小；在pH值为2～3，CTAB作为分散剂时，Al2O3纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值较大，粒径较小。比较3种分散剂的分散效果，其中在pH为8左右，SDBS作为分散荆时，纳米氧化铝悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值最大，粒径最小。在此基础上又讨论了最佳分散剂SDBS的浓度对纳米氧化铝悬浮液的影响，当SDBS分散剂的浓度为0.055％左右时，纳米Al2O3在水相体系中稳定分散性较好。     

pH对水合Al2O3纳米流体的稳定性和导热性的影响

利用两步法制备了Al2O3水合纳米流体，测试了不同pH值下，不同体积分数的～203纳米流体的zeta电位和导热系数，研究pH值对Al2O3．H20纳米流体稳定性和导热性的影响，实验结果表明：对不同体积分数的Al2O3纳米流体，pH存在一个优化值对应zeta电位的绝对值最大，而电位的绝对值越大，纳米颗粒在流体中分散稳定性越好，因此对Al2O3纳米颗粒来说，要得到稳定分散的纳米流体pH值应在8～9之间为最佳；同样随着pH的变化，也存在一个最优值对应于Al2O3纳米流体的导热系数增加到一个最大的值，并且导热系数随纳米粒子体积分数增加而增大。实验结果表明纳米流体的稳定性和导热性与pH有密切的关系，此结论与文献[6]和[13]中的结论一致。     

纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡水悬浮液性质的研究

为研制稳定性、分散性良好的纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)水悬浮液,研究了纳米ATO在水中的稳定、分散行为,讨论了分散剂种类、ATO用量、pH值、分散剂用量对体系稳定性、分散性和流变性的影响。采用沉降实验、Zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪、透射电镜等测试方法对纳米ATO悬浮液的特性进行表征。实验结果表明,选用静电位阻型分散剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),ATO用量为8％,分散剂用量8％～10％,pH值>4时,7 d后悬浮液沉降体积分数小于16％,ATO的平均粒径100 nm左右,体系粘度小于2 mPa·s。     

分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响

通过测定分散体系的吸光度,探讨不同浓度的各种分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响,其中添加含有阴离子型、非离子型和高分子表面活性剂的三种复配分散剂(SGDF1、SGDF2、SGDF3)的石墨水悬浮液分散效果较好。进一步研究在复配分散剂存在下,pH值、静置时间对石墨水悬浮液性能的影响。结果表明,当pH值大于7后,石墨水悬浮液的分散能力维持在较高水平,pH值为9时,Zeta电位绝对值最高,吸光度最大,分散体系稳定性最好。添加分散剂的石墨较未添加分散剂的石墨聚集程度明显减弱,分散性能变好。其中添加SGDF3的石墨水悬浮液的石墨的聚集程度最小,分散稳定最佳。     

氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及其影响因素研究

详细研究了氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及固含量、pH值和聚丙烯酸(PAA)添加量对分散行为的影响。实验结果表明,固含量、pH值和PAA添加量对氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为有显著影响。粘度法及Zeta电位测试法所反映的悬浮液分散性随pH值和分散剂添加量的变化规律基本一致。当pH=9～10、分散剂添加量的质量分数为2.0%～2.5%时粘度最低、Zeta电位绝对值最大、分散效果最好。分散剂添加量存在最佳范围,且最佳范围不随固含量的变化而改变。随固含量的增加,粘度开始缓慢上升,到达一定程度后迅速增大。     

聚合物分散剂对纳米TiO_2水悬浮液分散稳定性的影响

纳米TiO2复合乳胶漆的制备一般要求预先分散纳米TiO2并制成水悬浮液。为了制备稳定分散的纳米TiO2水悬浮液,研究了乳胶漆中常用的分散剂SN5040和PEG对纳米TiO2在水溶液中分散稳定性的影响,并分析了分散剂的作用机理。实验结果表明:SN5040能有效分散纳米TiO2,按照先SN5040后PEG的方式添加一定比例的混合分散剂,PEG能在SN5040吸附层上嵌入式吸附,显著提高了纳米TiO2的Zeta电位值,更有利于纳米TiO2水悬浮液的分散稳定性。红外光谱分析(FT-IR)表明:SN5040主要是通过与表面裸露的Ti4+形成配位键而吸附到纳米TiO2粒子表面上的。     

纳米流体强化相变蓄冷特性的实验研究

在水基液中添加少量的纳米Cu颗粒(平均粒径为25nm),经超声波振荡和添加分散剂后,制备成分散稳定的Cu-H2O纳米流体.实验研究了纳米颗粒添加剂对水过冷度的影响,并采用红外热摄仪在线观察了纳米流体结晶过程的温度分布.结果表明.在水基液中加入纳米Cu粒子后,其过冷度明显降低,且随着纳米Cu质量分数的增加,流体的结冰时间缩短.Cu-H2O纳米流体的相变温度比水的提高了1℃,因此,纳米流体蓄冰时可以降低压缩机的输入功率,从而节约成本、减少能耗.     

Stability and thermal conductivity enhancement of carbon nanotube nanofluid using gum arabic

This experimental study reports on the stability and thermal conductivity enhancement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanofluids with and without gum arabic (GA). The stability of CNT in the presence of GA dispersant in water is systematically investigated by taking into account the combined effect of various parameters, such as sonication time, temperature, dispersant and particle concentration. The concentrations of CNT and GA have been varied from 0.01 to 0.1?wt% and from 0.25 to 5?wt%, respectively, and the sonication time has been varied in between 1 and 24?h. The stability of nanofluid is measured in terms of CNT concentration as a function of sediment time using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Thermal conductivity of CNT nanofluids is measured using KD-2 prothermal conductivity meter from 25 to 60°C. Optimum GA concentration is obtained for the entire range of CNT concentration and 1–2.5?wt% of GA is found to be sufficient to stabilise all CNT range in water. Rapid sedimentation of CNTs is observed at higher GA concentration and sonication time. CNT in aqueous suspensions show strong tendency to aggregation and networking into clusters. Stability and thermal conductivity enhancement of CNT nanofluids have been presented to provide a heat transport medium capable of achieving high heat conductivity. Increase in CNT concentrations resulted in the non-linear thermal conductivity enhancement. More than 100–250% enhancement in thermal conductivity is observed for the range of CNT concentration and temperature.     

Stability,viscosity, thermal conductivity,and electrical conductivity enhancement of multi-walled carbon nanotube nanofluid using gum arabic

This experimental investigation discussed on the stability and rheological behavior of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids with and without gum arabic (GA). The stability of MWCNT in the presence of GA dispersant in solar glycol is systematically investigated by taking into account the combined effect of different parameters, such as sonication time, temperature, dispersant and particle concentration. The concentrations of MWCNT and GA have been varied from 0.2 to 0.6% volume concentration and from 0.25 to 1.25 wt%, respectively, and the sonication time has been varied in between 30 and 120 min. The effect of sonication time on viscosity was discussed. It was perceived that the shear thinning behavior is exhibited by all the nanofluid samples. The stability of nanofluid is measured in terms of MWCNT concentration as a function of sediment time using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Rheological behavior of MWCNT nanofluids is measured using Bohlin CVO Rheometer in the temperature range of 30–50°C, with step sizes of 5°C. Optimal GA concentration is obtained for the entire range of MWCNT concentration and 0.25–1.25 wt% of GA is found to be sufficient to steady all MWCNT range in solar glycol. Rapid sedimentation of MWCNTs is observed at higher GA concentration and sonication time. The presence of MWCNT and GA enhanced the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids by 30.59% at 0.6 vol.% particle concentration and 1.25 GA wt% at 50°C. The electrical conductivity is enhanced in a linear manner with respect to the loading of MWCNT and GA. Nevertheless, the electrical conductivity is increased linearly with increasing the temperature of the nanofluid. At particle concentration of 0.6 vol.% of MWCNT and 1.25 wt% of GA, the electrical conductivity of the nanofluid is improved by 190.57% at a temperature of 50°C.     

Elaboration of thermophysical performance enhancement mechanism of functionalized boron nitride/graphite hybrid nanofluids

This study mainly investigated the physicochemical characteristics of ethylene glycol/ water (EG/W) based hydroxyl-functionalized boron nitride (BN-OH) and graphite (G) hybrid nanofluids. A novel simple and efficient annealing method was proposed to have hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles functionalized to improve the synergistic role between hybrid G/BN-OH nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the dispersion stability, thermal stability, and rheological behavior of diverse nanofluids (h-BN, BN-OH, G, G/BN and G/BH-OH) were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the G/BN-OH hybrid nanofluids demonstrate both better dispersion stability and thermal stability, as well as a lower increase in viscosity. In addition, the thermal conductivity of G/BN-OH hybrid nanofluids was increased by up to 18.05% with a concentration of 0.2 wt% when compared to the base fluid. Ultimately, the complicated theoretical mechanism of thermophysical performance augment for G/BH-OH hybrid nanofluids was reliably presented. The enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids may be attributed to the formation of adsorption layers and the synergistic effect of the thermal conductivity network.     

Investigation of Al2O3-MWCNTs hybrid dispersion in water and their thermal characterization

Synthesis of water based Al2O3-MWCNTs hybrid nanofluids have been investigated and characterized. Al2O3-MWCNTs nanoparticles in weight proportion of 97.5:2.5 to 90:10 have been studied over 1% to 6% weight concentration. Dispersion quality of nanofluids is assured by additional synthesis process like acids treatment and grinding of MWCNTs by planetary ball mill. The effects of ground and non-ground MWCNTs over dispersion quality and thermal conductivity have been investigated. Sedimentation effect of hybrid nanofluids with time length has been studied by sample visualization and TEM micrographs. The augmentative absorbance and thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids have been compared with pure Al2O3/water nanofluids. The overall result shows that the enhancement in normalized thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids is still not so sharp though the absorbance and other qualities show much better comparing mono type nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids with spherical particles show a smaller increase in thermal conductivity comparing cylindrical shape particles.     

Experimental evaluation of the effect in the stability and thermophysical properties of water-Al2O3 based nanofluids using SDBS as dispersant agent

Nanofluids are thermo-fluids engineered by dispersing nanosized particles in conventional base fluids used in heat transfer applications. In this experimental study, the temporal stability and thermophysical properties of water-based alumina nanofluids, such as thermal conductivity, surface tension and viscosity, were evaluated at three different concentrations (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%) using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as dispersant agent. The results showed that the nanofluid prepared with 1.0 wt% exhibits thermal conductivity enhancements between 11% and 15% compared to deionized water. Additionally, a pseudoplastic behaviour was identified by means of a rheological study, which increased as the nanoparticle concentration increased. Nevertheless, the nanofluids with SDBS showed a Newtonian behaviour and viscosity values close to those of water, which is suitable to avoid frictional losses in pump processes. In turn, surface tension increases with the amount of DI-water in Al₂O₃ concentrations, but it decreases with the addition of SDBS, which has an important effect on the boiling applications of nanofluids. This work was carried out to highlight the importance of nanofluids stability in function of the surfactant added and the nanoparticle concentration, in the measurement of significant thermophysical properties such as surface tension, viscosity and thermal conductivity, which could be used to explain the nanofluids behaviour in different thermal devices.     

Preparation,characterization, viscosity,and thermal conductivity of nitrogen-doped graphene aqueous nanofluids

Nanofluids perform a crucial role in the development of newer technologies ideal for industrial purposes. In this study, Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) nanofluids, with varying concentrations of nanoparticles (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 wt%) were prepared using the two-step method in a 0.025 wt% Triton X-100 (as a surfactant) aqueous solution as a base. Stability, zeta potential, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, and electrical conductivity of nanofluids containing NDG particles were studied. The stability of the nanofluids was investigated by UV–vis over a time span of 6 months and concentrations remain relatively constant while the maximum relative concentration reduction was 20 %. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids was increased with the particle concentration and temperature, while the maximum enhancement was about 36.78 % for a nanoparticle loading of 0.06 wt%. These experimental results compared with some theoretical models including Maxwell and Nan’s models and observed a good agreement between Nan’s model and the experimental results. Study of the rheological properties of NDG nanofluids reveals that it followed the Newtonian behaviors, where viscosity decreased linearly with the rise of temperature. It has been observed that the specific heat of NDG nanofluid reduced gradually with the increase of concentration of nanoparticles and temperature. The electrical conductivity of the NDG nanofluids enhanced significantly due to the dispersion of NDG in the base fluid. This novel type of fluids demonstrates an outstanding potential for use as innovative heat transfer fluids in medium-temperature systems such as solar collectors.     

分散剂用量对几种纳米氧化锆粉体尺寸表征的影响

本文研究了三种不同来源的纳米氧化锆粉体在尺寸表征中的影响因素．其中,加入的分散剂用量不同,测得的粉体颗粒尺寸有很大差别,不足或过量的分散剂影响粉体的颗粒尺寸分布．这种影响是通过改变粉体表面的电荷分布来实现的．超声时间长短是影响粉体尺寸表征的另一个重要因素．     

固相纳米复合材料的导热系数预测

研究了分散剂和纳米颗粒对固相纳米复合材料导热系数的影响。假设纳米颗粒在纳米流体中均匀分布,构建了一个考虑纳米颗粒尺度和分散介质影响的物理分析模型;并由此利用最小热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,建立了一个固相纳米复合材料的导热系数理论模型。计算结果表明,颗粒的体积分数和导热系数、以及分散剂导热系数的增大,都会引起复合材料导热系数的增大。     

多壁碳纳米管水基纳米流体的对流换热特性

实验研究了纳米粉体浓度、雷诺数Re和热流密度对多壁碳纳米管水基纳米流体(MWNTs/H2O)对流换热性能的影响。纳米粉体浓度分别为0.05 g/L、0.1 g/L、0.2 g/L和0.4 g/L,雷诺数Re为500~900,热流密度为10~20 k W/m2。结果表明:1)纳米流体对流换热系数随着纳米粉体浓度、Re、热流密度的增加而增加。如在Re为631且纳米粉体浓度为0.4 g/L时,纳米流体对流换热系数比基液增大了17.6%;2)纳米流体对流换热系数的提高率明显大于对应的导热系数提高率,当纳米粉体浓度为0.05g/L时,其对流换热系数和导热系数的提高率分别为7.4%和0.15%;3)在Eubank-Proctor方程的基础上,建立了适合于低Re条件下的混和对流换热的实验关联式。