基于光纤干涉仪的振动测量技术

本文介绍了基于光纤Mach-Zchndcr干涉仪的振动测量系统,用线阵CCD测量条纹动态位移,实现了光纤干涉条纹图像的连续采集.针对干涉条纹图像噪声的特点完成了低通滤波器的设计、图像的平滑处理,消除了干涉条纹中心的定位误差.文章绘制了干涉条纹位移曲线并对其进行了离散傅里叶变换,给出了所测振动的频谱特性.最后讨论了测量系统的灵敏度以及影响测量精度的因素,为了能够辨别条纹的移动方向,指出了条纹最大允许的移动速度限制,给出了实验结果.     

新型移相量块干涉仪的研制

研制了一台用于0.5~100 mm量块测量的新型移相量块干涉仪,分别以波长为633 nm和543 nm的两台稳频激光器作为测量光源,通过一根单模光纤引入到干涉仪内。高精密移相器实现5步移相干涉测量,CCD相机采集干涉条纹并计算干涉条纹小数,被测量块长度采用多波长的小数重合法计算。移相量块干涉仪的测量不确定度达到U=0.015μm+0.07×10~(-6)L(L为量块长度,mm)。     

用于换能器校准的激光干涉测振技术

本文介绍了用激光干涉仪对换能器表面振动位移进行绝对测量的原理,对不同情况下的信号处理方法进行了探讨,分别给出了低频及高频时的实验及进行信号处理后的结果。从实验结果及信号处理的结果可以看出,记系纹数的处理方法比较简单直观,而最大频率法则可解决小数条纹的测量。     

平面光学元件平面度动态干涉拼接测量

开展了基于动态干涉仪的平面光学元件平面度干涉拼接测量,并研究了影响测量和拼接的主要误差。用二级减振的方法来抑制环境中振动的影响;根据允许的变化条纹数来控制二维移动平台导轨精度。建立了以ZYGO公司的DynaFiz干涉仪为子口径采集仪器的干涉拼接系统,开展了单口径平面度测量及拼接实验,完成了200mm×300mm 平面光学元件的平面度测试,并与大口径干涉仪所测试的全口径测量数据进行比对,拼接结果的10次实验均方差为0.001λ(λ=632.8nm)。     

光纤位移干涉仪测高速漫反射面速度误差分析

首次从理论上分析基于单模光纤的位移干涉仪用于高速漫反射面速度测量的相位误差,包括来源和大小及其与系统各参量的关系.计算了光束从光纤出射,经漫反射面反射,再耦合进单模光纤的光场表达式.结果表明,相位误差的来源包括两部分:光束传输衍射效应及漫反射面表面的随机相位特性.由相位误差引起的位移和速度相对误差都在10-6量级,并且同时采用VISAR和光纤位移干涉仪来测量爆轰加载下铜飞片的速度轨迹.实验结果表明,单模光纤位移干涉仪的实际测量精度可以和VISAR相当,证明了单模光纤位移干涉仪用于高速漫反射面速度测量的可行性.     

补偿式光纤F—P干涉仪的信号处理系统

本文提出并研制成补偿式光纤F-P干涉仪信号处理系统,提出了用来测量微小位移信号的三种方法及电路,即透射峰时间间隔测量法、光脉冲基波幅度测量法(精密整流法)、鉴相法。测试结果表明:时间间隔测量法,它的最大灵敏度达到0.26纳米/微秒;精密整流法,最大灵敏度为2.38纳米/伏特。     

单缝衍射暗条纹中心距的精确测量

由于较高次衍射条纹的光强很微弱,以及激光的漫反射和CCD器件本身存在的暗电流噪声等原因,使得暗条纹中心距难以精确测量,这是单缝衍射法测量几何量中影响测量精度的主要原因。为此,提出了分步滤波法和暗条纹中心判定条件。对衍射条纹原始采集数据先进行过滤波,再进行欠滤波,尽量消除干扰信号的影响,获得有用信号;利用最小二乘法对衍射条纹曲线进行拟合,并利用二分搜索法对拟合曲线的波谷进行精确定位,就可较精确地得到暗条纹的中心位置。实验表明,暗条纹中心距的测量精度达到优于5μm的水平。     

块状材料的折射率测量实验研究

利用迈克尔逊干涉仪对透明平板材料如玻片的折射率进行了测量研究,通过分析实验中的光程差,分别采用He-Ne激光器和白炽灯做光源,根据干涉条纹的吞吐变化规律、条纹形状与颜色,对测试结果进行分析。测试结果表明该方法改善了传统干涉法测量折射率时玻片瞬间条纹移动数目不易精确计数的弊端。     

基于AD8302的双纵模双频激光干涉仪信号处理系统

为了解决双纵模双频激光干涉仪原有信号处理电路两路信号易直流漂移、不正交对干涉仪系统测量精度和速度的限制及调整光路观察信号不方便等问题,利用AD8302的良好高频处理特性,设计了一种新的基于AD8302的双纵模双频激光干涉仪信号处理系统,给出了方案的总体框图和信号处理流程图,详细地分析了其工作原理以及提高相位测量精度方法.由于器件相位测量的高分辨率,该系统也可用于高分辨率双纵模双频激光轮廓仪的信号处理.     

闪光CCD图像的中值-非线性扩散滤波

根据闪光CCD图像的特点,提出了一种中值-非线性扩散滤波(Median-NonlinearDiffusionFiltering,简称MNDF)方法。该方法采用中值预滤波来估计图像的真实边缘,通过求解偏微分方程(PartialDifferentialEquation,简称PDE)来进行非线性扩散滤波,充分发挥了中值滤波和非线性扩散滤波的优势,能更好地消除噪声、保护边缘。实验结果表明,在高斯噪声和脉冲噪声同时存在的情况下,MNDF方法取得的滤波效果较P-M方案和Catte方案要好,信噪比改善因子提高3~5倍,均方误差减小1.3~2.7倍。对闪光照相CCD图像取得了很好的消噪声结果,保护了边缘信息。     

System model identification of a Fabry-Perot fiber optic sensingsystem

A Fabry-Perot fiber optic temperature sensing system is presented in this paper. It uses a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to transform the environmental temperature into modulated reflected light. This light is directed to a patented light cross-correlator that locates the position of the maximum interference fringe intensity, which is detected by a linear CCD array. Therefore, the actual observed data is the position of the CCD pixel detecting the maximum interference fringe intensity rather than the light intensity itself. Consequently, this sensing mechanism is tolerant to the loss of light power that may result from external effects. Based on an analysis of the entire sensing system, a theoretical dynamic model was developed, which shows that the system dynamic response depends on the heat transfer process in the sensor head and the signal processing in the signal conditioner. An experimental method was developed to validate the theoretical model. Two empirical dynamic models are also obtained from the experimental data. Comparing the theoretical model with the empirical models, the poles result from the heat transfer process in the sensor head     

莫尔条纹信号的DSP滤波及细分技术研究

采用DSP数字滤波技术,对细分前的莫尔信号进行滤波处理。以提高莫尔信号的细分精度和实时性,利用DSP的乘加指令及循环寻址功能设计了FIR滤波器,实现莫尔条纹信号的实时滤波,将合成函数细分与幅值细分相结合,减少了存储查表数据所需的存储单元、提高了细分速度和细分精度。实验结果表明,在较强干扰的情况下,细分倍数仍能达到500,整个细分和滤波算法可在几微秒内完成,因而系统的实时性能很好。     

LAMOST球焦面光纤坐标检测方案

对LAMOST光纤定位系统中球冠状焦面板上4000个光纤头位置的检测,要求检测系统检测速度快、精度高,为此采用极坐标旋转扫描装置进行检测。检测装置包括角度传感器和绕球冠状焦面板中心旋转的圆弧形扫描梁,后者由多片线阵CCD软拼接而成,其数据用并行主从结构进行采集与处理。采用“光重心法”对光纤出射光斑信号进行处理,获取光纤端部的位置特征。     

Analysis of low-coherence interference fringes by the Kalman filtering method

Interferometers with low-coherence illumination allow noncontact measurement of rough-surface relief with a wide range of measurement definition by locating the visibility maxima of interference fringes. The problem is light scattering by the surface to be measured, which can cause distortion of low-coherence interferometric signals. We propose to use a stochastic fringe model and a Kalman filtering method for processing noisy low-coherence fringes dynamically. Prediction of the fringe's signal value at each discretization step is based on all the information available before this step; the prediction error is used for dynamic correction of the estimates of the fringe envelope and phase. The advantages of the Kalman filtering method consist in its immunity to noise, optimal fringe evaluation, and data-processing speed.     

硅微声光传感特性的实验研究

硅微声光传感器是一种由硅微列阵簧片和光纤组合成的新型传感器，这种传感器在完成声光转换的同时对声频信号进行了并行滤波处理，可用作神经网络的并行输入，是一种光机电一体化的传感系统。本文中叙述通过纤反射强度调制技术检测硅簧片振动信号的方法；通过实验研究，完成了对声光调制信号的探测和预处理，并给出了实测数据及其分析。为实现音频编码和振动信号的实时分析，本文中还给出了采用人工神经网络对阵列传感器的输出信号进     

基于EMD算法的光栅莫尔条纹信号去噪方法研究

针对计量光栅莫尔条纹信号的质量问题,提出了基于经验模态分解（EMD）算法对非平稳光栅莫尔条纹信号模型的去噪方法。建立非平稳的光栅时变信号模型,利用EMD算法不需要定义滤波器参数的自适应性优点,对添加不同噪声的多组光栅信号模型进行了滤波分析的仿真实验,其信噪比和均方根误差两项指标优于均值滤波、小波阈值去噪方法。对两路正余弦理想信号添加高次谐波分量,通过对比EMD算法抑制高次谐波前后的李萨如图形,验证了该方法在去噪过程中对光栅莫尔条纹信号正弦性误差补偿的良好效果。     

Simultaneous sensing of the strain and points of failure in composite beams with an embedded fiber optic Michelson sensor

A fiber optic Michelson sensor was embedded in composite beams to sense the internal strain and points of failure of the composite structures. The bending deformation and matrix cracking were investigated by four-point bending tests of cross-ply composite beams with the embedded fiber optic sensor. The failure points of composite beams were detected by using both a PZT sensor and a fiber optic sensor in order to investigate the fiber optic failure signals. The failure due to matrix cracks in a composite beam was confirmed by the edge replica method. The digital processing of the fiber optic signal was carried out to determine the strains and failure points of composite beams. The failure points were observed from the processed failure signal by high-pass filtering. The initial failure strain of the composite beam was measured and processed from the fiber optic strain signal after low-pass filtering.     

光纤准白光干涉信号数字化处理方法

提出一种光纤准白光干涉信号数字化处理方法。该方法采用干涉条纹脉冲实现干涉包络信 号同步采集,克服了导轨移动速度不均匀造成的影响;通过高斯函数曲线拟合方法高精度确定干涉信号零光程差点;大大提高了准白光干涉信号定位精度。为消除包络信号采样边界点不确定性带来的误差,采用外插法进行补偿。实验表明,采用该方法对光纤准白光干涉信号零光程差位置的定位精度优于0.5个干涉条纹。     

Vibration-compensated interferometry system using phase-modulating interference fringe subdivision technology

An innovative vibration-compensation method, with phase-modulating interference fringe subdivision technology, is described. It simulates fringe movement by the phase difference of signals and can detect the fringe movement with an accuracy of 1/400 fringe spacing using this subdivision technology. A closed-loop vibration-compensation system is built, and the measurement of an interference fringe movement and a vibration-compensation test are successfully demonstrated. Because of this new method and a new feedback algorithm that was introduced, interference fringes can be stabilized at any preset phase position in real time. Compared with known methods, this method is simple and inexpensive, as well as effective.