Boundary element analysis of shear deformable stiffened plates

In this paper a boundary element formulation for analysis of shear deformable stiffened plates is presented. The formulation is derived by coupling boundary element formulation of shear deformable plate and two-dimensional plane stress elasticity. Both concentric and eccentric stiffeners have been considered. The interaction forces between stiffeners and the plate are treated as either line distribution or area distribution of body forces along the attachment. A rectangular stiffened plate and a circular stiffened plate under uniform load are analysed by the proposed method. Good agreement has been achieved compared with other published results.     

具有初始应力加劲板的非线性动力学特性

针对工程结构中常用的加劲板,研究了其在初始应力作用下的非线性振动特性。将母板与加劲肋分开考虑,其中母板按薄板理论考虑,加劲肋按Euler-Bernoulli梁理论考虑,根据母板与加劲肋的应力与应变关系建立系统的应变能表达式,同时结合系统的动能表达式,并利用Lagrange方程建立系统的非线性动力微分方程。运用椭圆函数求得加劲板单模态的非线性频率,采用同伦分析方法求解加劲板的3∶1内共振。通过参数分析,重点讨论初始应力变化对系统非线性动力特性的影响,并得出初始应力的存在对加劲板非线性动力特性的影响规律。     

竖向槽钢加劲钢板剪力墙剪切屈曲

对设置多道竖向闭口加劲肋的钢板剪力墙的剪切屈曲进行了有限元弹性屈曲分析,得到了剪切应力随加劲肋抗弯和加劲肋抗扭刚度变化曲线,以加劲板临界应力等于小区格按简支计算的剪切屈曲应力为条件,得到了双面加劲肋的门槛刚度。刚度小于门槛刚度时给出了剪切屈曲临界应力与加劲肋刚度的关系;将双面加劲同单面加劲、交错单面加劲两种情况进行比较,得出了后两者的门槛刚度放大系数。与数值结果比较表明:公式具有良好精度且偏安全。     

Optimum buckling design of composite stiffened panels using ant colony algorithm

Optimal design of laminated composite stiffened panels of symmetric and balanced layup with different number of T-shape stiffeners is investigated and presented. The stiffened panels are simply supported and subjected to uniform biaxial compressive load. In the optimization for the maximum buckling load without weight penalty, the panel skin and the stiffened laminate stacking sequence, thickness and the height of the stiffeners are chosen as design variables. The optimization is carried out by applying an ant colony algorithm (ACA) with the ply contiguous constraint taken into account. The finite strip method is employed in the buckling analysis of the stiffened panels. The results shows that the buckling load increases dramatically with the number of stiffeners at first, and then has only a small improvement after the number of stiffeners reaches a certain value. An optimal layup of the skin and stiffener laminate has also been obtained by using the ACA. The methods presented in this paper should be applicable to the design of stiffened composite panels in similar loading conditions.     

具有初始几何缺陷加劲板的动态屈曲

针对工程中常用的加劲板,研究了动态屈曲的求解方法。将加劲板分为母板与加劲肋两个部分考虑,其中母板按经典薄板理论计算,加劲肋视为Euler梁。假定加劲板的位移,利用Hamilton原理结合系统能量和振型叠加法建立了加劲板的动态屈曲特征方程。最后,选择四边简支加劲板进行数值分析,分析中考虑初始几何缺陷的影响,并讨论了初始几何缺陷、加劲肋的数量及其刚度的变化对动态屈曲临界荷载的影响。结果表明：一阶模态的初始几何缺陷对加劲板的临界荷载影响很大,而增加加劲肋的数量及其刚度可以提高加劲板的抗动态屈曲能力。研究结果也为加劲板的结构设计方法提供一定的参考。     

爆炸载荷作用下双向加筋方板的大挠度塑性动力响应

从分别列出加筋板面板以及加强筋的运动方程出发,分析了爆炸载荷作用下双向加筋固支方板的大挠度塑性动力响应。分析表明:取决于加强筋的相对刚度以及爆炸载荷峰值的大小,加筋板的运动将呈现3种不同的模式。该文限于讨论加筋板的总体变形模式,具体讨论了十字加筋以及双十字加筋固支方板在忽略弯矩影响下的薄膜解法。理论结果与已有的试验结果在多数情况下符合良好,表明该文提出的简化理论分析方法能对爆炸载荷下双向加筋方板的永久变形做出较为合理的预报。     

Buckling analysis of corrugated plates using a mesh-free Galerkin method based on the first-order shear deformation theory

This paper deals with elastic buckling analysis of stiffened and un-stiffened corrugated plates via a mesh-free Galerkin method based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The corrugated plates are approximated by orthotropic plates of uniform thickness that have different elastic properties along the two perpendicular directions of the plates. The key to the approximation is that the equivalaent elastic properties of the orthotropic plates are derived by applying constant curvature conditions to the corrugated sheet. The stiffened corrugated plates are analyzed as stiffened orthotropic plates. The stiffeners are modelled as beams. The stiffness matrix of the stiffened corrugated plate is obtained by superimposing the strain energy of the equivalent orthotropic plate and the beams after implementing the displacement compatibility conditions between the plate and the beams. The mesh free characteristic of the proposed method guarantee that the stiffeners can be placed anywhere on the plate, and that remeshing is avoided when the stiffener positions change. A few selected examples are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the proposed method. The results obtained for these examples, when possible, are compared with the ANSYS solutions or other available solutions in literature. Good agreement is evident for all cases. Some new results for both trapezoidally and sinusoidally corrugated plates are then reported.     

基于辐射声功率最小的平板结构修正及优化

研究运用加筋使振动平板结构辐射声功率达到最小化优化设计方法。使用瑞利-里兹方法求解结构表面振速进而求解结构辐射声功率,通过遗传算法求得筋的最优布放位置,寻找加筋布放规律并对加筋后新生成共振峰进行修正。     

一种分析AGS结构的三角形加筋板壳单元

基于精细三角形Mindlin板单元构造了21个自由度三角形复合材料加筋板壳单元。在该单元构造过程中,考虑了肋骨弯曲、扭转、面内剪切和横向剪切变形的影响;由于肋骨和蒙皮的位移插值函数采用了相同的形函数,保证了两者变形的协调性,同时又放松了肋骨转动的约束,故与传统的板单元相比,能较好地反映了蒙皮和肋骨的变形特征。在此单元中,肋骨放置的数量、位置和角度可以任意,为结构的单元网格剖分带来了很大的便利。算例结果验证了单元的有效性,特别是在分析高肋结构时,显示出其比传统加筋板单元具有更高精度的优点。还以一典型的先进复合材料等格栅加筋板(AGS)为例,讨论了该结构弯曲变形的力学特性。     

带有加强筋的Mindlin板动态刚度阵法

以加筋中厚矩形板为研究对象，推导了加筋板的动态刚度阵，为动态刚度阵法提供一种新单元。板的运动微分方程由Mindlin厚板理论给出，同时还考虑了板平面内的振动。对于板上加强筋的处理，则通过Hamilton原理对板的运动方程作相应的修正，最终得到加筋板的运动微分方程。而方程的解析解直接用于单元刚度阵的推导，所得加筋板单元的动态刚度阵结合传统有限元方法的单元组装和求解方法即可用于计算整个结构的动力响应。此外，还给出了加筋板单元的均方响应计算公式，可用来计算结构的平均振动能量。最后通过数值算例验证本文方法，计算结果与传统有限元方法进行分析比较。     

A new finite element for buckling analysis of laminated stiffened plates

A new stiffened plate element for stability analysis of laminated stiffened plates has been presented. The basic plate element is a combination of Allman's plane stress triangular element and a Discrete Kirchhoff–Mindlin plate bending element. The element includes transverse shear effects. The model accommodates any number of arbitrarily oriented stiffeners within the plate element and eliminates constraints on the mesh division of the plate. The element has no problem associated with shear locking – a phenomenon usually encountered in isoparametric elements. The stability analysis of laminated stiffened plates has been carried out under different loading conditions with the present element.     

An extended layerwise/solid-element method of stiffened composite plates with delaminations and transverse crack

The stiffened composite plates with the transverse crack and delamination were studied in this paper, and an extended layerwise/solid-element (XLW/SE) method was developed. In the proposed method, the governing equations of composite plates and stiffeners were established based on the extended layerwise method and 3D solid elements, respectively. The final governing equation of stiffened composite plates is assembled by using the compatibility conditions and internal force equilibrium conditions at the joint interface between the plates and stiffeners. For the stiffened composite plates with damages, the XLW/SE method can obtain the local stress and displacement fields accurately and simulate the in-plane transverse cracks and delaminations simultaneously, considering complicated stiffeners without any assumptions. In the numerical examples, the results obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by the 3D elastic models developed in the general finite element code, and the good agreements were achieved for the stiffened composite plates with/without delaminations and/or transverse crack.     

用于AGS结构分析的混合法

结合均匀化模型和加筋单元模型构造了一种混合模型用来分析复合材料格栅加筋板/壳结构（AGS）。所构造的加筋单元模型是一种高性能协调转角独立加筋板壳单元,保持了肋骨和蒙皮位移场的协调性,同时还满足肋骨和蒙皮具有独立转动条件,该单元中肋骨的方向和位置任意。混合法具有精度高、速度快等特点。通过典型算例讨论了肋骨间距和高度对均匀化模型计算结果精度的影响,通过对带孔复合材料AGS板孔边特殊点应力值的分析证明了混合法的有效性。      

联肢加劲钢板剪力墙滞回性能试验研究与数值分析

完成了3个1/3比例的3层联肢钢板剪力墙试件的低周反复加载试验。3个试件的钢板剪力墙分别采用非加劲、槽钢竖向加劲和井字加劲的形式,钢板剪力墙的竖向边缘构件采用方钢管混凝土。得到了联肢钢板剪力墙试件的荷载-位移滞回曲线和破坏形态,对试件的骨架曲线、应力发展、延性及耗能能力等进行了分析。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行了数值模拟。结果表明:非加劲和槽钢竖向加劲墙板先屈曲后屈服,井字加劲墙板先屈服后屈曲,墙板屈服后连梁与钢板剪力墙边框梁相继屈服。方钢管混凝土柱脚屈服较早,屈服后仍具有良好的承载力和弹塑性变形能力。采用非加劲墙板的试件承载力最低,滞回环捏缩效应最严重,其次是采用槽钢竖向加劲墙板的试件。采用井字加劲墙板的试件滞回环较饱满。井字加劲和槽钢竖向加劲试件的峰值荷载分别比非加劲试件的峰值荷载提高了11.7%和6.9%,井字加劲和槽钢竖向加劲试件的等效黏滞阻尼系数分别比非加劲试件的等效黏滞阻尼系数提高了65.9%和19.9%。各试件的延性系数均大于4.5,表明不同加劲形式的联肢钢板剪力墙均具有良好的延性。数值分析与试验结果吻合较好,可充分地反映试件的滞回性能和破坏过程。加劲肋对连梁和边缘构件的内力影响较小,但可显著提高剪力墙板的抗剪承载力。相较于两片单肢钢板剪力墙,联肢钢板剪力墙的承载力和耗能能力均有大于20%的提高。     

Stiffened cracked plates analysis by dual boundary element method

In this paper a boundary element formulation for analysis of shear deformable stiffened cracked plates is presented. By coupling boundary element formulation of shear deformable plate and two dimensional plane stress elasticity, dual boundary integral equations are presented. The interaction forces between stiffeners and the plate are treated as line distributed body forces along the attachment. Both concentric and eccentric stiffeners have been considered. Rectangular stiffened plate containing a single crack and double cracks subjected to uniform distributed moment on the crack surface and uniform shear load on the plate are analysed by the proposed method. Good agreement has been achieved compared with analytical solutions.     

Stiffened plate bending analysis in terms of refined triangular laminated plate element

Based on the higher-order global–local theories, a finite element model is proposed to study the bending behavior of stiffened laminated plates. The proposed model treats the embedded stiffeners as the part of laminated plate, so that the compatibility of displacements and stresses between the plate and the stiffeners can be automatically satisfied. Distributions of the displacements and stresses through the thickness of laminates were also given for the first time, which can serve as references for future investigations as such information is lacking in the published literature. In addition, the impact of the stiffeners on the bending response of the stiffened laminated plates is also studied in terms of the quantity, the collocation and the geometry of stiffeners. Numerical results showed that the higher-order global–local theories are more suitable for predicting the bending response of thick and moderately thick stiffened laminated plates compared to the first order theory commonly used in engineering. By varying the quantity, the collocation and the geometry of stiffeners, the stiffness and the strength of stiffened laminated plates can be remarkably improved.     

Configuration design of a lightweight torpedo subjected to an underwater explosion

The response of a lightweight torpedo when subjected to an underwater explosion (UNDEX) is an important criterion for multidisciplinary design. This paper investigates the effect of structural stiffeners on the performance of a lightweight torpedo. The finite element package ABAQUS was used to model the UNDEX and the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena, which are critical for accurate evaluation of torpedo stress levels. The pressure wave resulting from an underwater explosion was modeled using similitude relations and it was assumed to be a spherical wave. Various explosive weights and explosion distances were explored to determine the critical distance both for an un-stiffened and a stiffened torpedo. Once it was established that the stiffened torpedo performed better under explosive pressure loads, various configurations were studied to determine the optimal number of ring and longitudinal stiffeners. A final configuration was obtained for the torpedo that had minimum weight and was least sensitive to small manufacturing variations in the dimensions of the stiffeners. This paper presents details of the torpedo and fluid models and the finite element analysis method for FSI.     

Vibro-acoustic formulation of elastically restrained shear deformable stiffened rectangular plate

A method constructed on the basis of the Rayleigh–Ritz method and the first Rayleigh integral is presented for the vibro-acoustic analysis of elastically restrained shear deformable stiffened rectangular orthotropic plates. In the proposed method, the displacement fields of the plate and stiffeners are formulated on the basis of the first-order shear deformation theory. The theoretical sound pressure level (SPL) curve of the plate is constructed using the responses at different excitation frequencies and the first Rayleigh integral. The experimental SPL curve of an elastically restrained stiffened orthotropic plate was measured to verify the accuracy of the theoretical SPL curve of the plate. The effects of Young’s modulus ratio E₁/E₂ on the sound radiation characteristics of elastically restrained stiffened orthotropic plate with different aspect ratios are studied using the proposed method. It has been shown that the effects of Young’s modulus ratio become more prominent as the plate aspect ratio gets larger.     

顺肋简支加肋矩形板的弯曲问题

本文研究了考虑中面应变效应的顺肋简支加肋矩形板,具有弱抗扭开口截面肋时的弯曲问题,导出了全部位移及内力的解析式。文中对于应用该结果计算有关工程问题的数值例题进行了讨论。本文解答较之Huber理论更为完善,并且形式较简洁。     

T型截面多级加筋柱壳的缺陷敏感性及优化研究

该文基于非线性显式动力学方法进行后屈曲分析,获得了四种加筋柱壳(均匀加筋柱壳、矩形截面双向多级加筋柱壳、T型截面单向和双向多级加筋柱壳)整个后屈曲过程的轴压位移-载荷曲线,并以模态缺陷为例,比较了四者的缺陷敏感性,结果显示T型截面双向多级加筋柱壳呈现出显著的低缺陷敏感性和较强的可设计性。该文还将缺陷敏感性分析结果与对应的完善结构后压溃稳定平衡路径进行了对比,发现两者一定程度上的趋势一致性。这表明对完善结构运用显式动力学方法进行单次后屈曲分析,即可同时获得其承载能力和缺陷敏感性,大大减少计及缺陷敏感性结构设计的计算量。最后,该文进一步构造了面向低缺陷敏感性的T型截面多级加筋柱壳优化模型,算例表明该方法可以高效地获得可靠性更强的优化解。