双光纤保偏准直器结构研究与参数设计

双保偏光纤准直器在远距离的光纤通信系统中得到广泛的应用.本文从理论上分析了光在自聚焦透镜中的传播规律,推导出光线在自聚焦透镜中的传输矩阵,分析了自聚焦透镜斜端面的角度与准直器的插入损耗和回波损耗设计结构,并通过实际的装配进行验证.用这种方法设计的双光纤保偏准直器具有低的插入损耗(小于0.3dB),和高的回波损耗(大于60dB),己成功应用于光环行器中.     

菲涅尔型阵列光纤准直器的研究

菲涅尔透镜列阵，具有易阵列化的优点，设计中心波长相同的透镜列阵和中心波长不同的透镜列阵，并对由此列阵构成的准直器的光束耦合特征进行分析和计算，与通用的准直器的相关参数进行比较，表明菲涅尔透镜列阵在光束准直耦合中具有较高的耦合效率，可以用于制作阵列光纤准直器。     

基于ZEMAX的自聚焦透镜设计

自聚焦透镜主要应用于光纤传输系统中。自聚焦透镜材料能够使沿轴向传输的光产生折射,并使折射率的分布沿径向逐渐减小,从而实现出射光线被平滑且连续的汇聚到一点。自聚焦透镜是光纤传输系统中构成准直、耦合、成像系统的主要部分。本文主要简要概述基于ZEMAX的自聚焦透镜设计。     

基于非球面透镜组激光光束整形设计

本文针对激光显示领域激光光束光强均匀分布要求,本研究基于非球面透镜组激光光束进行整形设计。文中通过阐述激光光束光强均匀分布原理,着重论述了出射光束分布选择、线映射函数及球面参数确定3个非球面透镜组设计内容。在此基础上,选择匀化洛伦兹函数为输出光束的光强分布函数,展开实例设计分析,旨在基于该设计方法将入射光束准直的单模高斯激光光束整形为光强均匀分布的准直平顶激光光束。     

基于机器视觉的保偏双尾纤装配精度检测

保偏光纤保持偏振状态的程度依赖于偏振光的入射状态,要保持偏振光的偏振态就要求偏振光的偏振态与保偏光纤慢(快)轴方向耦合对准.因此在保偏双光纤准直器中,双尾纤的(相对位置)装配精度直接影响保偏准直器的保偏性能.本文研究和分析了双尾纤的装配精度对保偏准直器保偏性能的影响,并指出双尾纤端面"猫眼"的垂直度是主要影响因素.基于机器视觉原理,通过生物显微镜、CCD摄像机,图像采集卡采集双尾纤端面的图像,建立"猫眼"垂直度的检测模型,由VB编程实现对图像的处理以及"猫眼"垂直度的检测,检测精度可达0.5度.该方法已在双纤保偏准直器工业装配中得到应用.     

60瓦半导体激光器光纤耦合器件

应用光纤列阵耦合方式，对大功率半导体激光器线列阵输出光束的快轴方向用一根柱透镜准直，准直后的光束耦合到光纤列阵中，实现出纤功率为60瓦的大功率半导体激光二极管线列阵光纤耦合器件，耦合效率大于80％，光纤的数值孔径NA为0．11。     

采用组合透镜阵列准直半导体激光器线阵

为了满足半导体激光器线阵的远距离应用要求,需要对激光束进行准直处理.提出了一种由垂直双半圆柱透镜组合阵列构成的准直器,采用光线追迹的方法推导了激光束通过准直器的传输方程,分析了光线出射角与透镜阵列参数之间的关系,得出了准直器的最优设计参数,然后在zemax-EE非序列模式下仿真了此准直器的三维效果图以及探测器成像效果,得到的激光光斑接近于矩形,非相干照度集中在中央区域,并且经过准直器后的发散角大约为3 mrad.设计的准直透镜可以同时压缩快慢轴的激光束发散角,制作简单,安装方便.     

光纤出射光强分布研究

对多模光纤出射光束的光强分布用横向位移法进行了理论分析和实验研究,并用数值计算的方法分析实验测量数据.结果表明,高斯光束可以很好地描述光纤出射光强的分布,光纤出射光束光强分布参数主要与光纤芯径和出纤光功率等有关,为强度调制型光纤传感器的优化研制提供了必要的实验依据.     

高斯光束到光纤的单透镜耦合

分析了基模高斯激光束到单模和多模光纤的单透镜耦合过程中的各种损耗,把多模光纤的光场用高斯分布近似,采用模场耦合理论计算了基模高斯光束到单模和多模光纤的单透镜耦合效率.模拟计算了当激光-光纤耦合系统的工程参数(光束束宽、光纤数值孔径和光纤的纤芯芯径)一定时,单透镜耦合效率与所选用透镜的焦距之间的关系.并利用532mn激光(M2≤1.05)在几种不同焦距的透镜下对纤芯直径为3.μm的单模光纤和25μm的多模光纤进行了耦合效率的测定实验,得到了与理论计算基本吻合的实验结果.     

光纤准直器自动调试装配系统的设计

研制了一种光纤准直器调试装配设备——光纤准直器自动调试装配系统。利用光电探测器来探测光束光斑直径，将数据反馈给执行机构，执行机构再控制光纤头运动到插损最小点，然后封装成光纤准直器。主要讲述了该方案的理论依据和推导过程，并利用试产的准直器检测数据证实该设备的有效性。     

新型光隔离器结构设计与实验性能测试

提出一种功能复用光隔离器设计方案。在传统光隔离器中加入了透镜对,两透镜间拥有一个相邻共焦面,具有空间光交叉功能,能实现功能复用光隔离器输入输出多尾纤之间的对应耦合;二者结合组成空间复用功能系统,使光隔离器具有功能复用的作用。该光隔离器的主要性能测量结果表明,所设计的1550nm双通道功能复用光隔离器两个通道的插入损耗分别为0.43dB和0.31dB,隔离度分别为43dB和40dB,两个功能隔离器之间的串扰都大于60dB,达到了隔离器需要满足的性能指标,在低插损、高隔离的基础上具有功能复用效用。     

Integrated light collimating system for extended optical-path-length absorbance detection in microchip-based capillary electrophoresis

We have developed an integrated light collimating system with a microlens and a pair of slits for extended optical path length absorbance detection in a capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip. The collimating system is made of the same material as the chip, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and it is integrated into the chip during the molding of the CE microchannels. In this microchip, the centers of an extended 500-microm detection cell and two optical fibers are self-aligned, and a planoconvex microlens (r = 50 microm) for light collimation is placed in front of a light-delivering fiber. To block stray light, two rectangular apertures, realized by a specially designed three-dimensional microchannel, are made on each end of the detection cell. In comparison to conventional extended detection cell having no collimator, the percentage of stray radiation readout fraction in the collimator integrated detection cell is significantly reduced from 31.6 to 3.8%. The effective optical path length is increased from 324 to 460 microm in the collimator integrated detection cell. The detection sensitivity is increased by 10 times in the newly developed absorbance detection cell as compared to an unextended, 50-microm-long detection cell. The concentration detection limit (S/N = 3) for fluorescein in the collimator integrated detection cell is 1.2 microM at the absorbance detection limit of 0.001 AU.     

Light scattering with single-mode fiber collimators

The recent development and availability of fiber-optic components including graded-index (GRIN) microlenses and the unique optical properties of single-mode optical fibers make it possible to build ideal detector systems for light-scattering measurements. We show that the simple coupling of a 0.25-pitch GRIN lens and a single-mode optical fiber to form a collimator makes a nonimaging detector system with properties that are superior to conventional setups based on pinholes and that approaches the theoretical limit of a perfectly coherent detector.     

1x8 fiber-optic switch based on an innovative waveguide converter and a micro torsion mirror

This paper reports a 1x8 fiber-optic switch based on an innovative waveguide converter and a micro torsion mirror. A compact 9-fiber collimator is implemented with the waveguide converter. With the micro torsion mirror aligned to the 9-fiber collimator, light from the central fiber can be steered to any of the other 8 fibers. The introduction of the waveguide converter enables a smaller and faster micro torsion mirror. The switch shows good performance, insertion loss, nonuniformity, and cross talk is <3.02 dB, <0.4 dB, and <-35 dB respectively. Improvements of performance are expected after further optimization.     

Foundations for low-loss fiber gradient-index lens pair coupling with the self-imaging mechanism

A fiber-optic collimator that emits a Gaussian beam with its beam waist at a certain distance after the exit face of the lens is labeled a self-imaging collimator. For such a collimator, the waist of the emitted Gaussian beam and its location are partly dependent on the properties of the gradient-index (GRIN) lens. Parameters for the self-imaging collimator are formulated in terms of the parameters of a GRIN lens (e.g., pitch, core refractive index, gradient index, length) and the optical wavelength. Next, by use of the Gaussian beam approximation, a general expression for the coupling power loss between two self-imaging-type single-mode fiber (SMF) collimators is, for the first time to our knowledge, derived as a function of three types of misalignment, namely, separation, lateral offset, and angular tilt misalignment. A coupling experiment between two self-imaging collimators with changing separation distance is successfully performed and matches the proposed self-imaging mechanism coupling loss theory. In addition, using a prism, lateral offset, as well as angular tilt, misalignments are experimentally simulated for a two self-imaging collimator coupling condition by a single collimator reflective test geometry. Experimental results agree well with the proposed loss formulas for self-imaging GRIN lenses. Hence, for the first time to our knowledge, the mathematical foundations are laid for employing self-imaging-type fiber collimators in SMF-based free-space systems allowing optimal design for ultra-low-loss coupling.     

Compact dielectric reflective elements. I. Half-sphere concentrators of radially emitted light

Optical designs of aspheric internally reflective concentrators of divergent light emitted within a spatial angle of 2n sr are proposed and discussed. Four types of solid transparent element are considered: the divergence angle reducer, the small-spot illuminator, the point focuser, and the collimator. The output beam aperture in all cases is comparable with the light-source external dimensions. Expressions describing the profiles of beam-transforming surfaces and results from experiments with model devices are presented.     

Buckling analysis of anisotropic variable-curvature panels and shells

A buckling formulation for anisotropic variable-curvature panels is presented in this paper. The variable-curvature panel is assumed to consist of two or more panels of constant curvature where each panel may have a different curvature. Bezier functions are used as Ritz functions. Displacement (C⁰), and slope (C¹) continuities between segments are imposed by manipulation of the Bezier control points. A first-order shear-deformation theory is used in the buckling formulation. Results obtained from the present formulation are compared with those from finite element simulations and are found to be in good agreement.     

An inverse method for the design of TIR collimators to achieve a uniform color light beam

Color-over-angle (CoA) variation in the light output of white LEDs is a common and unsolved problem. In this article we introduce a new method to reduce CoA variation using a special collimator. The method is based on analytical inverse design methods. We present a numerical algorithm to solve the differential equations arising from this method and verify the results using Monte Carlo raytracing.     

Planar reflection grating lens for compact spectroscopic imaging system

A compact spectroscopic imaging device consisting of a planar reflection grating lens, a probe fiber array, and a two-dimensional image sensor was proposed and discussed. Reflected or luminescent lights from a subject are coupled to the probe fibers, guided to fiber output ends, radiated into the air, diffracted by the grating lens with wavelength-dependent angle, and focused onto lines on the image sensor. Two-dimensional intensity distribution on the image sensor can give one-dimensional spectrum distribution along a specified direction. A grating lens was designed with a fiber array and a CCD image sensor for 100-nm wavelength range and 10-mm fiber array width. A spectral resolution of 5 nm and a spatial resolution of 0.25 mm were experimentally confirmed.