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1.
热处理对Fe-Al/WC复合涂层的组织及磨损性能的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
研究了300,450,550,650,800℃热处理对高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/WC金属间化合物复合涂层的组织和滑动磨损性能的影响.结果表明,热处理后复合涂层中将析出Fe2W2C 和 Fe6W6C弥散相.450~650℃热处理后,部分Fe3Al转变成FeAl造成的点阵畸变以及Fe2W2C 和 Fe6W6C的弥散强化作用,使复合涂层的显微硬度明显提高.通过热处理提高Fe-Al/WC复合涂层的显微硬度,将提高复合涂层的耐磨性.  相似文献   

2.
采用超音速等离子喷涂技术制备了WC/Co涂层,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度计对涂层的组织结构和硬度进行了表征。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂层微观组织为多边形WC硬质相分布于Co基体中,未见WC分解现象。在涂层同基体结合界面处,部分区域喷涂粒子嵌入Al合金基体之中。与Al合金基体相比,超音速等离子喷涂层硬度显著提高,达到876HV0.2。  相似文献   

3.
借助双丝电弧喷涂技术在316L不锈钢基体表面成功制备了高硬度、高强度的FeNi(WC)复合涂层,并对涂层显微组织结构及性能进行了分析研究。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层截面显微组织形貌,并用其配置的X射线能谱(EDS)对涂层不同区域进行能谱分析,确定涂层中元素组成及分布情况,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层进行相组成分析,并使用ImageJ图像处理软件测定涂层的孔隙率,采用维氏显微硬度计分别测定了基体和涂层显微硬度。实验结果表明,双丝电弧喷涂技术所制备的FeNi(WC)复合涂层与基体结合良好,组织均匀致密,涂层中含有部分孔洞和裂纹,但对基体的整体性能影响不大。FeNi(WC)复合涂层中主要物相为Fe和Ni组成的金属固溶体化合物FeNi、Fe_3Ni_2和硬质相WC、W_2C。基体平均显微硬度为213 Hv_(0.1),涂层平均显微硬度高达714 Hv_(0.1),约为基体硬度的3~4倍。涂层EDS面扫描得出涂层中元素均匀混合分布,C和W均匀分布在Fe和Ni元素之间,O元素的存在是喷涂过程中氧化所致。FeNi(WC)复合涂层是由Fe、Ni、C和W等主要元素组成的粘结相和硬质相交叉分布形成的典型层状结构,粘结相中弥散分布的硬质相使得涂层的硬度及整体性能得到明显提高。  相似文献   

4.
高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/WC复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
采用滑动磨损试验方法研究在室温至650℃温度下高速电弧喷涂Fe—A1/WC金属间化合物复合涂层与Si3N4陶瓷球配副时的摩擦磨损特性,并探讨复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,随着试验温度的升高,Fe—Al/WC复合涂层的摩擦系数降低,而磨损率仍保持在较低的水平。高温下复合涂层滑动摩擦系数降低的主要原因是由于磨损面发生摩擦氧化反应而形成的起到固体润滑的作用氧化物保护层。剥层磨损是Fe—Al/WC复合涂层高温磨损的主要机理。涂层中Fe3Al和FeAl金属间化合物相较高的高温强度和硬度,能有效地阻碍裂纹的产生、扩展及扁平颗粒的断裂,从而使复合涂层表现出优异的高温耐磨性。650℃时Fe—Al/WC复合涂层的磨损率有所提高,这可能与高温下涂层表面WC颗粒的氧化和脱碳分解有关。  相似文献   

5.
利用SAS-1型超音速电弧喷涂设备和钛、铝丝在适当的工艺条件下,在LY12铝合金表面制成了钛铝合金复合涂层。并利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、电子探针等,对涂层的成分、相结构、显微结构、孔隙率及其结合强度、显微硬度和耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明,利用超音速电弧喷涂设备,可以在铝基表面形成低孔隙率小于2.8%,结合强度为29MPa,显微硬度HV0.2为631和干滑动磨损体积仅为LY12基体1/7的TiAl合金涂层。显微组织观察发现,涂层与基体间有冶金结合的迹象,组织结构分析表明,涂层由TiN(TiO),Al,Ti,TiAl,Ti3Al等相组成。涂层的磨损机制可能以化合物等硬质相的剥落引起的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。  相似文献   

6.
电弧喷涂Al,Zn涂层和Al-Zn伪合金涂层的磨损性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘宪军 《材料保护》2001,34(3):10-11
采用电弧喷涂制备了Al涂层、Zn涂层和Al-Zn伪合金涂层,在Falex试验机上测试了3种涂层的磨损性能。利用扫措电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、能谱分析(EDX)等手段,地试样磨痕形貌及悄进行了分析。结果表明:Al涂层的磨损主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,Zn涂层的磨损主要为氧化磨损,Al-Zn伪合金涂层的磨损兼有Al,Zn2种涂层磨损特征,但更接近于Zn涂层的磨损机理。3种电弧喷涂层中,Zn涂层的耐磨性能优于其他2种涂层,Al-Zn伪合金涂层的耐磨性能介于两者之间,但更接近于Zn涂层。在140℃以下,温度对3种涂层的磨损性能影响不显著。  相似文献   

7.
喷涂工艺参数对NICrBSi涂层显微组织和性能的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
孙波  李长久  白勇峰 《材料保护》2001,34(11):30-31
采用微束等离子喷涂系统制备了NiCrBSi涂层。研究了电弧功率、喷涂距离和等离子气体流量对涂层显微组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,NiCrBSi涂层的致密程度与显微硬度随电弧功率和气体流量的增加而增加。当喷涂距离超过40mm时,喷涂距离对涂层显微硬度没有显著影响。采用微束等离子喷涂工艺制备的NiCrBSi涂层显微硬度可达HV0.2700。  相似文献   

8.
成志芳  王富耻  马壮  卢林 《材料导报》2012,(Z1):101-103
采用等离子喷涂技术在钢基体上表面制备了Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层,喷涂粉末分别采用微米和纳米结构,测试了涂层的显微硬度;采用定量分析软件测定了涂层孔隙率并通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的显微组织;采用拉伸试验机测试了涂层的结合强度。结果表明,微米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层具有明显的层状结构,纳米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层在层状结构的基础上镶嵌有大量的未融化和部分融化的粒子;纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层粒子间结合紧密,孔隙率低,结合强度高,显微硬度高。  相似文献   

9.
微束等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李长久  孙波  韩峰  汪民 《材料工程》2004,(12):51-55
采用轴向中心送粉式微束等离子喷涂系统在2kW级的小功率条件下制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层.研究了电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构,采用X射线衍射分析涂层的相结构,采用磨粒磨损质量损失表征涂层的性能,用热辐射粒子速度温度测量系统测试工艺参数对喷涂粒子速度的影响.结果表明,电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响都比较明显,粒子速度随着电弧功率和工作气体流量的增加而增加,随着喷涂距离的增加而下降.涂层的磨粒磨损质量损失随电弧功率的增加而减少,而随工作气体流量和喷涂距离的增加而增加.分析表明粒子的温度对涂层磨粒磨损质量损失有较大的影响.采用微束等离子喷涂可以制备磨粒磨损性能与传统等离子喷涂在38kW下制备的涂层相当的Al2O3涂层.  相似文献   

10.
自动化高速电弧喷涂锌铝基防腐涂层的耐蚀性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用自动化高速电弧喷涂技术制备出Zn-Al及Zn-Al-Mg-RE涂层。通过浸泡实验考察涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的显微组织和相结构变化。结果表明,自动化高速电弧喷涂法制备的涂层均匀,与基体结合良好。浸泡试验两种锌基涂层均未出现红锈,能够对钢结构提供有效保护。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……  相似文献   

14.
A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.  相似文献   

15.
A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.  相似文献   

16.
We associate a variety of innovations with the term "Industry 4.0". The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...  相似文献   

17.
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.  相似文献   

20.
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.  相似文献   

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