一种细化金属凝固组织的新方法

提出了用强脉冲磁场改善金属凝固组织的新技术。实验结果表明，强脉冲磁场能把铝合金的凝固组织从粗大的树枝晶细化为等轴晶，而且磁场愈强，细化效果愈显著。强脉冲磁场细金属凝固组织的新技术可应用于各金属材料，并可在工业上推广应用。     

高能量密度脉冲电流对Fe76Si12B12共晶合金凝固组织的影响

利用自行设计的高能量密度脉冲放电设备及高温坩埚炉研究脉冲电流对Fe76Si12B12共晶合金凝固组织的影响.结果表明,高能量密度脉冲电流处理可明显细化Fe76Si12B12共晶合金凝固组织,而且在脉冲电流宽度相同的条件下脉冲电流密度越大,晶粒尺寸越小;在脉冲电流密度相同的条件下,脉冲电流宽度越小,晶粒尺寸越小.     

电磁振荡频率对半连铸7075Al合金微观组织的影响

采用同时施加一个稳恒磁场和一个交变磁场的方法，在半连铸7075铝合金过程中，使凝固熔体产生受迫振荡。实验研究了电磁振荡的频率对晶粒细化的影响规律，结果表明电磁振荡法获得的晶粒尺寸比CREM法的小，且随着电磁振荡频率降低，铸锭整体组织变得更加细小和均匀。并对电磁振荡作用下，合金凝固组织的细化机理进行了探讨。     

表面脉冲电磁场处理下7A04铝合金凝固组织演变

采用一种新型熔体表面脉冲电磁技术对7A04超硬铝合金凝固组织进行细化处理。通过分析脉冲电磁场对组织形貌、晶体择优取向及凝固温度过程的影响,探讨脉冲电磁场下凝固组织演变机理。结果表明,随着脉冲电磁场强度增加,凝固组织发生球化细化→枝晶化再粗化的转变;在磁场强度为241mT时,晶粒尺寸可降低40%左右。由于晶体磁各向异性产生的磁能差导致凝固初期尺寸为225nm~100μm的晶粒发生转动,晶粒择优生长;此外,在脉冲电磁场孕育处理条件下,熔体凝固初期温度升高导致固相分数降低,有利于晶核运动,也可获得良好的组织细化效果。     

强磁场对材料组织性能影响的研究进展

铁磁质、顺磁质或逆磁质材料，在强磁场下热处理或者凝固都得到类似的现象：晶粒细化及取向性，强磁场还可以改变材料的组织、诱发相变，许多研究者对磁场影响材料组织的机理进行深入的研究。最终得出结论：材料凝固过程中强磁场使得晶粒旋转，固态下强磁场使不同磁导率的组织分散均匀。本文综述了强磁场对材料组织和性能影响的进展。并提出展望。     

脉冲磁场下冷轧取向硅钢的初次再结晶研究

研究了脉冲磁场对冷轧取向硅钢热处理过程中初次再结晶组织形成规律的影响。通过分析冷轧硅钢在不同热处理条件下初次再结晶晶粒长大的动力学可知,施加脉冲磁场能够抑制晶粒的再结晶及正常晶粒长大,而且沿法向施加脉冲磁场抑制晶粒长大的作用最大。脉冲磁场作用下可用异速生长幂函数建立基体晶粒的生长动力学模型。     

强脉冲电流对Cu-SiCp/AZ91D组织和性能的影响

在不同强脉冲电流作用下制备Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料,分析了复合材料的组织结构及相组成,并对其组织形成机理和显微硬度进行研究。结果表明:Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料主要由基体α-Mg,沿晶界增长的第二相离异共晶β-Mg17Al12以及沿β相生长的硬质强化相Mg2Si组成,有少量Cu弥散分布在β相上。未施加强脉冲电流的复合材料晶粒尺寸较大;施加强脉冲电流后晶粒得到细化,脉冲峰值电流为1500 A时晶粒尺寸最小。脉冲峰值电流在0～1500 A时,晶粒以形核为主,所得晶粒尺寸随着脉冲峰值电流增加而减小;脉冲峰值电流在1500～2000 A时,晶粒以长大为主,晶粒尺寸随着脉冲峰值电流增加而增大。Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料显微硬度增长趋势与晶粒细化效果一致,未施加强脉冲电流的复合材料平均显微硬度最小,为HV4. 959. 73,脉冲峰值电流在1500 A时显微硬度最大,为HV4. 971. 08。     

脉冲电流对低碳微合金钢力学性能的影响

研究了脉冲电流对一种低碳微合金钢的组织和力学性能的影响，结果表明，脉冲电流处理可以使该钢的晶粒显著细化，从而使其力学性能提高，细化后的组织热稳定性好，在400℃长时间保温不会出现晶粒长大，脉冲电流加热速度快，作用时间短和降低相变势垒的作用是晶粒细化的原因。     

脉冲磁场占空比对铁基金属组织硬度及耐磨性的影响

对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊外加交流脉冲纵向磁场,研究了交流脉冲磁场占空比对铁基金属组织及性能的影响.应用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法,系统分析了堆焊层硬度、耐磨性的微观组织.结果表明,外加纵向交流脉冲磁场可以有效地改善堆焊层金属的结晶形态,细化晶粒,施加适当的交流脉冲磁场占空比能够获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果,从而增加铁基金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性.     

横向静磁场对Cu-10%Ag合金定向凝固组织的影响

在有无横向静磁场条件下进行了Cu-10%Ag(质量分数)合金定向凝固实验,研究了横向磁场对Cu-10%Ag合金的宏观组织和微观组织及硬度的影响。发现无磁场条件下,合金晶粒较长,尺寸粗大,初生Cu枝晶臂直径和间距较粗大,取向较好,共晶组织粗大;1T横向磁场条件下,晶粒细化、增多,枝晶臂直径和间距较小,取向消失,共晶组织细化,硬度提高。通过对比有无横向磁场条件下初生Cu枝晶以及共晶组织变化,讨论了横向磁场对初生Cu枝晶及共晶组织的影响机理。     

Current understanding of the origin of equiaxed grains in pure metals during ultrasonic solidification and a comparison of grain formation processes with low frequency vibration,pulsed magnetic and electric-current pulse techniques

The formation of fine,non-dendritic equiaxed grains throughout a casting without the addition of refiners(i.e.independent of alloy chemistry),is made possible by using ultrasonic,magnetic or pulsed magnetic and electric current pulse techniques.The dominant mechanisms proposed for the grain refinement produced during the application of an external field are cavitation phenomena assisted nucleation or fragmentation of dendrites(ultrasonic field),wall crystals arising from the cold surface of the mould(electric current pulse,magnetic and pulsed magnetic fields).In all these cases fluid flow provides an additional contribution(e.g.reduced temperature gradients,growth rate and remelting of dendrites)to maintaining an equiaxed grain structure.The origin of equiaxed grains under an external field also depends on the casting conditions(volume and shape of casting)and the type of alloy other than the mechanisms specific to a particular technique.The current work aims to provide a detailed understanding of the various factors and mechanisms that influence the grain refinement achieved during the solidification of pure metals(magnesium and zinc)subjected to Ultra Sonic Treatment(UST).The role of the temperature range of UST application,time duration and an unpreheated sonotrode are examined with respect to the origin,evolution of equiaxed grain structure,morphology and the columnar to equiaxed transition.The origin of grains was analysed from three fundamental aspects that contribute to refinement(i)heterogeneous nucleation(ii)fragmentation of existing dendrites and(iii)grains produced from the colder surfaces(arising from mould walls or vibrating surfaces as wall crystals).A comparison of UST refinement with mechanical,low-frequency vibration,electric current pulse and magnetic field solidification of pure metals has also been provided to highlight the importance of the cold surfaces(sonotrode and mould wall)in influencing grain refinement.     

脉冲磁场作用于钢液熔体的电磁场数值模拟

为了解脉冲磁场的电磁力特性,利用ANSYS软件,脉冲电源波形采用梯形波,对脉冲磁场作用下钢液的电磁场进行了模拟,得到了电磁力周期变化规律,脉冲频率和脉冲波型对脉冲电磁力的影响规律.结果表明:脉冲磁场作用下,电磁力瞬时发生变向,往复振荡熔体;在研究的脉冲放电频率范围内,脉冲放电频率的改变对电磁场、力场的分布影响不大;对于采用的梯形脉冲波形,电磁力随着脉冲上升沿和下降沿宽度的减小而显著增大,而当脉冲宽度增大时,脉冲电磁力呈现减小的趋势.     

连续/脉冲激光再制造FeCrNiCu合金成形层温度场研究

采用非接触式红外高温测试仪对连续/脉冲激光成形两种模式下激光再制造FeCrNiCu合金成形层温度场进行分析,获取了熔池及热影响区温度场分布的一般规律,验证了脉冲激光工艺在控制热输入和成形形变以及降低熔池及热影响区温度方面的工艺优越性。结果表明:脉冲激光成形热影响区峰值温度为730.4~810.5℃,熔池峰值温度为998.7~1383.4℃,明显低于相同工艺下连续输出模式;脉冲激光成形层具有更快的升温及降温速率,利于形成细晶组织和获得良好的力学性能;实际成形实验也进一步验证脉冲激光工艺具有更小的热影响区范围。     

Direct chill casting of magnesium alloy under pulsed magnetic field

To refine the grain size and improve the hot workability, the billets of AZ80 magnesium alloy were cast by a new process of the pulsed magnetic field-direct chill casting. The effect of pulsed magnetic field on the grain size, segregation and mechanical properties of cast billet were investigated by experiments. The results indicate that the grain size of cast billet with pulsed magnetic field was greatly refined, and the homogeneity of microstructure was improved significantly. Meanwhile, the macrosegregation and microsegregation of main alloying elements in the cast billet with pulsed magnetic field were suppressed. Compared with the conventional cast billet, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the cast billet with pulsed magnetic field were increased obviously.     

Comparative study on structural transformation of low-melting pure Al and high-melting stainless steel under external pulsed magnetic field

A comparative study on the structural transformation of low-melting pure Al and high-melting 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel under external pulsed magnetic field was carried out. The results showed that totally equiaxed grains were produced for pure Al, however, only thin columnar grains were generated for stainless steel even treated with higher magnetic intensity. It is deemed that grain refinement can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleus created on the mould wall as well as their falling by the oscillating resulting from the magnetic field. In contrast, a dense chilling layer was generated at the primary solidification stage of the stainless steel due to the large temperature gradient between the high temperature melt and the mould and accordingly the nucleus falling was prevented. Therefore, only dendrites refinement possibly occurred.     

Structure refinement of pure Mg under pulsed magnetic field

Abstract

A pulsed magnetic field (PMF) was introduced into the solidification of pure Mg. Fine uniform equiaxed grains are acquired in the whole ingot from the PMF treatment, in contrast with the coarse columnar grains observed in conventional casting, and the average grain size is refined to 260 μm with a 200 V PMF treatment. Pulsed magnetic field increases melt convection during solidification, and the violent agitation causes warmer liquid to fracture the tip of columnar dendrites or to break off dendrite branches to promote the formation of an equiaxed structure, with the broken pieces transported into the bulk liquid acting as nuclei. In addition, the uniform temperature field resulting from the stirring increases the likelihood of nuclei survival. The Joule heat effect also participates in the structure refinement. The pure Mg produced with a 200 V PMF treatment exhibits improved mechanical properties, such as the ultimate compressive strength (227 MPa) and fracture strain (33·2%).     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy under a low-voltage pulsed magnetic field

Effect of a low-voltage pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy has been investigated. When the low-voltage pulsed magnetic field is applied during solidification, the as-cast microstructure is significantly refined and α-Mg is modified from developed dendrite to fine rosette. This morphology modification is caused by the accumulation of Joule heat on the dendrite tip. The yield strength is improved with the application of the low-voltage pulsed magnetic field under normal casting and semi-continuous casting conditions. The ultimate tensile strength is decreased slightly under normal casting condition due to the occurrence of plenty of shrinkage under the low-voltage pulsed magnetic field. The shrinkages are removed and the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are increased under semi-continuous casting condition with low-voltage pulsed magnetic field.