铝基超疏水表面的制备及其在包装方面的应用进展

在铝基体上构建具有特殊浸润性的超疏水表面,可以赋予其耐腐蚀、防覆冰、润滑减阻等功能,使其具有更大的应用价值和市场前景。制备铝基超疏水表面的方法主要有刻蚀法、阳极氧化法、沉积法、水热法等。化学刻蚀法、阳极氧化法和水热法等操作简单,应用范围广,但在制备过程中用到的强酸强碱等对环境和人体有害;激光刻蚀法等可以控制超疏水表面微观结构的形貌,但使用设备昂贵,难以大范围使用。为拓展超疏水表面的应用领域,开发简便方法制备多级微纳米粗糙结构、使用黏合层加固微观结构、构建自修复超疏水表面是未来的主要研究方向。     

超疏水纳米界面材料的制备及其研究进展

综述了国内外近年来制备超疏水表面的方法;重点介绍了4种简易制备粗糙表面的方法(溶胶-凝胶法、相分离法、化学气相沉积法、模板法),并探讨了其优缺点及发展方向;介绍了超疏水表面的应用,提出了未来超疏水表面制备所面临的问题.     

沉积熔融法制备超疏水微结构表面

传统超疏水表面制备技术都有着各自的缺点,如加工成本高、受加工设备精度影响大、形貌尺寸随机性大。为得到低成本、形貌尺寸相对可控的超疏水微结构表面,提出了新型制备技术——沉积熔融法。通过金属颗粒悬浊液的自然沉积使微纳尺寸的颗粒均匀分布在金属表面,经熔融、再结晶使其与金属表面结合,再采用低表面能高分子修饰,制备出超疏水微结构表面。通过此方法采用锡铅合金在以黄铜、45号钢、6063铝合金基底上制备了超疏水微结构表面,并发现了金属基底材质与微结构表面的疏水性能之间没有必然关系。当微米尺寸的颗粒直径越小,制备的微结构表面的疏水性就越大。此外,相较于传统超疏水表面加工方法,沉积熔融法可实现微米级形貌的制备,且具有加工效率高、工艺简单、成本低廉、不影响原工件强度等优点,但其难以在弧形表面上应用的问题需要进一步研究。     

仿生超疏水表面的构建及应用研究进展

超疏水表面是指水接触角大于150°,滚动角小于10°的表面。超疏水表面具有抗冰、耐腐蚀、防污损、隐身、防雾、油水分离等多种性能,在很多领域都具有良好的应用潜力以及必要的研究空间。本文对超疏水表面的理论基础进行了简要概述,着重总结了当前超疏水表面的构建方法,主要包括刻蚀法、模板法、静电纺丝、溶胶-凝胶法和电化学沉积法等方法,最后对超疏水表面的应用进展进行了介绍。     

金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的研究进展

本文综述了近几年金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的研究进展。总结了金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的实验研究,指出微纳米复合结构和纳米结构超疏水表面都有抗凝露抗结霜性能,但两者性能优劣并无定论。关于超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜的机理,部分研究者认为是超疏水表面凝结水形成有较大能量势垒,另一部分研究者认为纳米结构超疏水表面液体自迁移现象对其抗凝露抗结霜有重要的影响。目前,超疏水表面与空气换热的研究还不够充分,这方面的深入研究能够为超疏水表面应用到微通道换热器中提供理论基础。     

铝合金超疏水转化膜的制备与性能

通过超声辅助FeCl3/HCl混合溶液化学刻蚀、高锰酸钾钝化和超声沉积1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷(PFCPS),在AA6061铝合金表面构建一层超疏水转化膜。采用场发射扫描电镜、接触角测试及红外光谱分别表征该超疏水转化膜的微观形貌、疏水性能和化学成分。结果表明:铝合金经超疏水处理后,不仅其水接触角可达到153°,且具有较好的自清洁性、抗酸碱侵蚀能力、耐摩擦能力和抗腐蚀能力。相较于传统的静置法,超声制备的超疏水铝合金表面不仅可改善PFCPS在Al基体表面自组装的均匀程度,而且提高其与铝合金基体的结合力,形成具有良好防护性能的超疏水保护层。     

铝基表面超疏水材料的制备工艺、效果及耐蚀性

超疏水表面在自清洁材料、腐蚀防护及微流体运输等领域有着广阔的应用前景,目前对金属超疏水表面的研究较少,且制备方法较复杂,不能大面积制备。分别采用喷砂、阳极氧化、喷砂-阳极氧化等方法在铝基体表面构造粗糙结构并对其进行修饰,制备了超疏水表面,通过SEM、接触角及滚动角测定、腐蚀速率测定等分析了超疏水表面的微观形貌、疏水性能和耐海水腐蚀性能。结果表明:喷砂-阳极氧化法制备的铝金属表面具有微米-纳米二级结构,经氟化处理后,与水的接触角达158°,滚动角为1.5°,疏水性能良好;超疏水表面材料的腐蚀速率比铝材低1个数量级。     

脂肪酸盐超疏水涂层的制备及性能研究

为了探究不同脂肪酸盐超疏水涂层的微观结构、成分及性能的差异，通过电沉积在粗糙的TC4钛合金表面制备3种脂肪酸盐超疏水涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪，傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角测量仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌、化学组成、物相和润湿性进行了表征分析，并通过线性摩擦实验、长时间加热实验以及电化学测试分别研究了超疏水涂层的耐磨性、耐热性和耐蚀性。结果表明：无论是通过阳极沉积还是通过阴极沉积得到的脂肪酸盐涂层都具有无黏附超疏水性。3种脂肪酸盐涂层表面颜色和状态不同，但微观形貌都为“花菜”团簇状，且有明显的微纳分级结构。3种超疏水涂层的耐磨性和耐热性都因脂肪酸盐的不同而有所区别。3种超疏水涂层的耐蚀性都比基体的好。其中，耐蚀性最好的是CSHS-Cu,其J_corr约为裸基体J_corr的1/5,R_ct是裸基体R_ct的25倍。     

非金属超疏水纳米涂层技术的研究进展

设备表面防水、防冰、防雾的需求在工业生产中随处可见,在其表面喷覆超疏水涂层是针对此类需求的有效解决方法。超疏水涂层的疏水性由材料表面的表面能和微纳粗糙结构两个因素决定,构筑超疏水涂层主要包括降低材料的表面能和改变微观结构两个方面。本文综述了国内外主要的非金属纳米材料,如石墨烯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛等制备超疏水涂层的方法,评价了不同纳米材料的适用范围。这类材料自身尺度是纳米级,易于构筑微纳粗糙结构和通过化学改性引入非极性共价官能团,降低材料的表面能。通过氧化还原、表面改性等方法引入疏水基团,通过自组装法、凝胶法、模板法、刻蚀法等进行结构组装,可制备接触角大于150°、滚动角小于5°的超疏水表面。分析了能够与纳米材料通过共价或非共价结合组成复合超疏水涂层的聚合物,增强涂层在力学、热学等方面的性能,扩展其应用范围。总结了近些年来在非金属超疏水纳米涂层领域的最新技术和进展,介绍了不同种类的纳米材料构筑超疏水表面的方法及其应用,为超疏水涂层的规模化生产提供可行的思路。     

超疏水表面的润湿性及其应用研究

润湿性是衡量超疏水表面疏水强弱的最重要特征之一,主要由表面化学组成和表面微观结构共同决定.简述了超疏水表面的润湿性理论,综述了超疏水表面的最新研究进展,包括制备方法、应用研究及理论分析,详细介绍了其在自清洁和减阻方面的应用,最后提出了现阶段超疏水表面研究所面临的问题,并展望了其诸多领域的发展前景.     

Plasma-assisted deposition of metal and metal oxide coatings

A combination of physical vapour deposition and plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition techniques were used to deposit Cu-, Ni- and Sn-rich SnO/SnO2 coatings on metal and ceramic substrates. Cu and Ni were deposited on Al alloy 6061 substrates and Ni deposition was also performed on glass microscope slides and commercially pure alumina substrates. Sn-rich SnO/SnO2, on the other hand, was coated on stainless steel and pure Cu substrates. A direct-current plasma system was used to deposit the pure metals in vacuum with a resistively heated tungsten boat that was coated with alumina. All samples were sputtered for 20 min in an argon:hydrogen (1:1) atmosphere at a pressure of 300 mTorr. To reduce contamination and oxidation of both substrates and deposited layers, Cu and Ni coatings were made with argon:hydrogen (2:1) carrier gas. Sn-rich tin oxide coatings were deposited in a pure argon atmosphere (no hydrogen) to allow for the oxidation of Sn deposits on the stainless steel and copper substrates. Investigations of coated surfaces by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed coatings to be smooth, continuous and pure. Deposition rates showed this application to provide a very high rate when compared with chemical vapour deposition and metal–organic chemical vapour deposition techniques. Scratch tests results prove good attachment of the coatings to their respective substrates. © 1998 Chapman & Hall     

Effect of substrate on the nucleation and growth of aluminum films deposited from methylpyrrolidine alane

Methylpyrrolidine alane complex was used to deposit aluminum films on various types of substrates in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. The films grow easily on metallic and transition metal oxide surfaces, but not on any other tested semiconductor and dielectric substrates below 200 °C, showing strong substrate dependency. The free energies of precursor adsorption, surface dissociation reaction and product desorption, as well as the film wettability to substrate are among the key factors which affect the energy barrier for nucleation or deposition selectivity. In general, a metal substrate can enhance nucleation because it catalyzes the surface reactions and bonds strongly with aluminum. The oxidation-reduction reaction may occur between the precursor and substrate on a metal oxide surface. The reduced metal sites can be the seed nuclei and are possibly responsible for Al growth on the surfaces of transition metal oxides.     

不锈钢衬底两面同时液相电沉积类金刚石薄膜及其沉积机理研究

为了利用液相电沉积技术实现在金属衬底表面全方位电沉积类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,采用不同尺度的不锈钢片作为衬底,在表面电沉积了DLC薄膜,利用X射线光电子能谱、Raman光谱和扫描电子显微镜分别对衬底两面薄膜的化学成分、微观结构和表面形貌进行了分析。结果显示:对于尺度大于石墨阳极的不锈钢衬底,仅在衬底正对着阳极的一面实现了DLC薄膜的沉积;而对于尺度小于阳极的不锈钢衬底,在衬底两面都有DLC薄膜沉积,且两面薄膜结构相似,形貌相近。利用准静态电场理论对实验结果进行了解释,提出在金属衬底表面实现液相电沉积DLC薄膜的前提条件是存在垂直于衬底表面的电场分量,为进一步实现在复杂形状的导电性衬底表面沉积DLC薄膜提供了理论依据。     

金属表面均三嗪二硫醇纳米聚合薄膜研究进展

综述了均三嗪二硫醇类化合物纳米聚合薄膜在各种金属基底表面的光聚合、热聚合、蒸发聚合及电化学聚合制备方法及在金属防护、材料间粘接、润滑特性、介电特性、超疏水和作为重金属离子处理剂等方面的应用。对该类化合物在不同金属表面的吸附作用和聚合机理进行了归纳、讨论与分析。提出了通过对该类三嗪二硫醇化合物分子进行改性研究,可在金属表...     

Titanium carbide/carbon composite nanofibers prepared by a plasma process

The incorporation of metal or metal carbide nanoparticles into carbon nanofibers modifies their properties and enlarges their field of application. The purpose of this work is to report a new non-catalytic and easy method to prepare organized metal carbide-carbon composite nanofibers on nanopatterned silicon substrates prepared by laser interference lithography coupled with deep reactive ion etching. Titanium carbide-carbon composite nanofibers were grown on the top of the silicon lines parallel to the substrate by a hybrid plasma process combining physical vapor deposition and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The prepared nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that the shape, microstructure and the chemical composition of the as-grown nanofibers can be tuned by changing the plasma conditions.     

Charge transfer directed growth and morphology regulation of silver nanoparticles

We demonstrate the control of silver nanoparticle growth in electroless deposition by utilizing surfaces of varying conductivity. Nanoscopic wires can be developed on non-conductive substrates, whereas nanoloops and microspheres are produced on surfaces of weak and high conductivity, respectively. Our observations reveal that the morphologies of electroless deposition can be regulated by the charge transfer through substrates, which indicates the important role of a redox reaction potential and a size-dependent chemical potential as the driving force behind this directed growth.     

Phosphonate-anchored thin films on titanium and niobium oxide surfaces: Fabrication and characterization

Phosphonate-anchored thin films form on various metal oxide substrates. This paper compares structural details of these covalently anchored films on the oxidized surfaces of titanium, niobium and a Ti45Nb alloy. This is made possible by a sample configuration wherein the alkylphosphonates are coated onto a thin film of metal which is sputtered onto a double-side-polished silicon wafer and then oxidized. Samples are flat and reflective and are suitable for ellipsometry, wetting measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy. Deposition from heated tetrahydrofuran produces ordered films with measurable differences among deposition protocols and among metal oxide substrates. These substrates enable identification of the mildest deposition procedures that still provide uniform, robust surface coatings.     

Thermal Oxidation of Silicon Carbide Substrates

Thermal oxidation was used to remove the subsurface damage of silicon carbide (SiC) surfaces. The anisotrow of oxidation and the composition of oxide layers on Si and C faces were analyzed. Regular pits were observed on the surface after the removal of the oxide layers, which were detrimental to the growth of high quality epitaxial layers. The thickness and composition of the oxide layers were characterized by Rutherford backscat-tering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Epitaxial growth was performed in a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The substrate surface morphol-ogy after removing the oxide layer and gallium nitride (GaN) epilayer surface were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the GaN epilayer grown on the oxidized substrates was superior to that on the unoxidized substrates.     

Increased functions of osteoblasts on nanophase metals

In a recent study, researchers demonstrated that metal surfaces utilizing low-micron to nanophase topography fostered increased adhesion of osteoblasts, the cells that create the matrix of bone. In this study, Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo alloys were investigated, and these alloys were identical to current orthopedic implant alloys except for surface topography. The objective of this in vitro research was to determine whether these same nanophase metal surfaces not only foster osteoblast adhesion but also increase osteoblast metabolic activities leading to calcium deposition. Light microscopy and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to verify the presence of calcium and phosphorous deposition by osteoblasts cultured on the metal substrates. Results indicated that both calcium and phosphorous were deposited on several of the metal substrates. More importantly, compared to conventional metals, results provided the first evidence that more calcium and phosphorous was deposited by osteoblasts cultured on respective nanophase metals (Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo). Nanophase CoCrMo had the most calcium and phosphorous minerals deposited by osteoblasts compared to any other metal substrate. Thus, the results of this study continue to provide evidence for the use of nanophase metals for the design of the next generation of more successful orthopedic implants.     

Electrochemical deposition of zinc selenide and cadmium selenide onto porous silicon from aqueous acidic solutions

An electrochemical deposition process of ZnSe and CdSe compound semiconductors from aqueous acidic solutions onto silicon substrates with porous silicon layers formed on their surfaces was studied by the voltammetry method. The experimental data obtained were compared with the deposition data onto metal and silicon substrates, and the optimal conditions for the binary compound deposition onto porous silicon were determined. Semiconductor films deposited were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray microanalysis. The films are shown to have the crystalline structure and a nearly stoichiometric composition with a minor Se excess. Further annealing in air for 15 min allowed the Se concentration to be decreased.