垂直简谐激励下阻尼颗粒动态特性研究

在垂直简谐激励条件下,通过稳态功率输入法对颗粒阻尼纵向耦合结构系统的动态特性进行了研究和分析。实验结果表明,在简谐激励作用下由颗粒体引起的周期脉冲力对系统的损耗功率并不产生影响,损耗功率只与激励频率有关。由颗粒体产生的损耗功率和附加质量存在明显的临界点(转捩点)现象,在临界点之前,阻尼颗粒不损耗能量,附加质量变化不明显;临界点之后,损耗功率随激励强度增加而增大,附加质量随激励幅值的增加而变小,且对激励频率的变化不敏感。最后,通过阻尼颗粒的相态特性对出现临界点值现象加以解释。     

垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼耗能特性的仿真研究

在垂直简谐激励下,通过控制激励水平和激振频率,利用软球模型(通常称为离散单元体法,DEM)对颗粒阻尼器的耗能特性进行了三维数值仿真研究,而在控制激励水平时,不仅仅关注了振动加速度幅值,同时研究了振动速度幅值和位移幅值对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响.仿真结果表明:在控制激励频率时,颗粒阻尼器的损耗功率随激励加速度幅值、速度幅值以及位移幅值的增加而增加;而在控制激励水平时,则发现了三种不同的规律:加速度幅值固定时,损耗功率随激励频率的增加而减小;速度幅值固定时,激励频率的变化对损耗功率的影响很小;而当位移幅值固定时,损耗功率随激励频率的增加而增加;在对颗粒阻尼两种不同的耗能机理的研究中发现摩擦耗能占总耗能的比例随激励幅值的增加而降低,冲击耗能占总耗能的比例随激励幅值的增加而增加.并通过与试验结果的对比,验证了仿真结果的正确性.     

微重力下颗粒物质动力学性质综述

针对微重力环境下颗粒物质动力学过程表现出与常规重力场环境迥然不同特征,综述颗粒物质振动、碰撞、流动研究成果,分析总结颗粒动力学机制与特点,认为应加强对微重力环境下颗粒物质动力学行为机理研究,尽早提出微重力下颗粒动力学性质分析思路与动力学模型。     

振动激励下的颗粒物质的有效隆起力

振动激励下的颗粒物质的有效隆起力陈伟中魏荣爵（南京大学声学研究所近代声学国家重点实验室南京·２１００９３）直到８０年代末,有关颗粒物质的研究才引起人们的高度重视,发现了许多令人感兴趣的现象［１］,如颗粒大小分离,声传播反常,隆起和对流［２～８］等等,...     

探讨振动激励下湿颗粒物质中的断层行为

研究了竖直振动激励下湿颗粒物质中的一种断层行为,实验表明断层块的运动具有周期性,其周期是激振周期的整数倍,倍率强烈地依赖于约化加速度Г,随着Г的加大,倍率阶梯式增加。采用蹦球模型对其进行了动力学分析,其数值解结果对于倍率为三倍和四倍的周期运动对应的Г值与实验结果吻合较好,对于倍率为两倍的周期运动对应的Г值比实验值小,最后定性地解释了偏小的原因。     

振动激励下颗粒物质系统中的波动与输运

颗粒物质在自然界比比皆是,而且他们与人类的生产(如工业、农业、建筑业等)和生活息息相关.在受到振动激励时,颗粒物质会呈现类似流体的行为,例如波动、对流、隆起、及分层等.自上世纪九十年代,对这类现象的研究逐渐成为热门课题.对这些基本现象的深入研究,对人类认识自然、改造自然均具有极其重要的理论与现实意义,并有重要的应用前景.     

随机激励下导引头伺服机构动力学特性的研究

导引头伺服机构的动力学分析大多采用理想模型,较少考虑设计公差、制造误差、摩擦磨损等随机因素对系统动力学特性的影响,难以准确描述实际的动力学特性。因此建立了随机激励下伺服机构的非线性动力学模型,综合运用随机平均法和点插值无网格法推导和求解系统的随机动力学FPK(Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov)方程,计算得到了伺服机构的随机动力学响应,并且研究了摩擦参数对系统随机响应统计特征的影响,以为评价伺服机构的动力学特性提供理论依据。     

内外激励下风电齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性

风电齿轮传动系统的动力学研究,对降低齿轮传动系统故障有重要意义。为进一步研究风电齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性,采用集中参数模型建立了该系统纯扭转非线性动力学模型。该模型考虑了各齿轮副间时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差和齿侧间隙非线性因素,以1.5 MW风机额定功率作为传递功率,结合时间历程图、FFT频谱图、相图、Poincaré截面图、分岔图及最大Lyapunov指数图,研究了在激励频率变化下和综合啮合误差变化下系统的动力学特性。结果发现,随着激励频率的不断增大,系统会出现单周期运动、拟周期运动和混沌等动力学行为,且混沌区域会发生改变;随着综合啮合误差的增加,系统由拟周期运动演化为混沌,最终又突变为拟单周期运动,且通过改变综合啮合误差,观察激励频率变化下系统的影响,发现综合啮合误差的减小能够明显的弱化混沌运动。     

颗粒物质冲击损伤特性研究

在离散元(DEM)模拟过程中,颗粒物质的接触刚度对模拟结果有重要影响,而构成颗粒物质的材料本身存在大量的微观缺陷,由于在颗粒物质运动过程中反复冲击接触作用,必然导致颗粒物质内部微观缺陷的扩展和融合,使得颗粒物质的物理力学性质不断劣化,具体表现为接触刚度不断降低,直至发生冲击破碎。如何在离散元模拟过程中考虑颗粒物质的冲击损伤特性具有重要意义;以Hertz弹性接触力学为基础,结合连续损伤理论,定义了颗粒物质冲击损伤变量,建立了颗粒物质冲击损伤演化方程,提出了冲击损伤累积确定方法。结果表明:较小的冲击速度可以导致颗粒物质产生损伤,损失累积弱化了颗粒物质的接触刚度,损伤累积可导致颗粒破碎,在离散元模拟过程中应考虑颗粒物质的损伤累积。     

内外激励下双转子系统非线性动力学特性研究

针对含中介轴承的双转子系统,在考虑转子不平衡和中介轴承非线性因素的基础上,推导并建立了双转子系统的非线性动力学模型,研究了内外激励下双转子系统的非线性动力学特性。首先,针对建立的双转子-中介轴承系统非线性动力学模型,研究了双转子系统的幅频响应,获得了高低压转子的主共振特性;其次,考虑双转子系统非线性参数的影响,分析了内外激励下双转子系统的非线性动力学响应,通过分岔图、轴心轨迹图、庞加莱截面图、时域波形图和频谱图等,获得了不平衡影响下高低压转子在激励频率变化下的运动状态和频率特征;最后,分析了不平衡量对双转子系统非线性响应特性的影响,研究了不平衡量变化下高低压转子动力学特性的演变规律。研究结果可为双转子系统动力学特性设计和高低压转子故障诊断提供参考。     

Depletion forces drive polymer-like self-assembly in vibrofluidized granular materials

Ranging from nano- to granular-scales, control of particle assembly can be achieved by limiting the available free space, for example by increasing the concentration of particles ("crowding") or through their restriction to 2D environments. It is unclear, however, if self-assembly principles governing thermally-equilibrated molecules can also apply to mechanically-excited macroscopic particles in non-equilibrium steady-state. Here we show that low densities of vibrofluidized steel rods, when crowded by high densities of spheres and confined to quasi-2D planes, can self-assemble into linear polymer-like structures. Our 2D Monte Carlo simulations show similar finite sized aggregates in thermally equilibrated binary mixtures. Using theory and simulations, we demonstrate how depletion interactions create oriented "binding" forces between rigid rods to form these "living polymers." Unlike rod-sphere mixtures in 3D that can demonstrate well-defined equilibrium phases, our mixtures confined to 2D lack these transitions because lower dimensionality favors the formation of linear aggregates, thus suppressing a true phase transition. The qualitative and quantitative agreement between equilibrium and granular patterning for these mixtures suggests that entropy maximization is the determining driving force for bundling. Furthermore, this study uncovers a previously unknown patterning behavior at both the granular and nanoscales, and may provide insights into the role of crowding at interfaces in molecular assembly.     

Mixtures of granular materials

Balance laws are given for a mixture of granular materials of a type described by Goodman and Cowin. Constitutive equations are given for the case of two dry granular constituents, and consequences of the entropy principle are found.     

Creep of granular materials

This paper examines the creep of brittle granular materials subjected to one-dimensional compression. One-dimensional creep tests were performed on aggregates of brittle pasta and compared with the behaviour of sand at much higher stress levels. It was found that for both materials, creep strain is proportional to the logarithm of time. One possible mechanism for creep is particle crushing. However, it is usually difficult to measure changes in the particle size distribution during creep because the fines produced are so small, and the mass of fines is too small to measure accurately unless creep is permitted for a very long time. However, for pasta, the particle fragments produced are large, and it is found that particle crushing does occur during creep for 24 hours. This is consistent with the proposition that the behaviour of all brittle granular materials is essentially the same. A micro mechanical argument is then summarised which predicts that creep strain should be proportional to log time.     

Discrete element modeling of first shear strain gradient effects on mechanical behaviors in granular materials

Granular Matter - We introduce an improved version of a computational algorithm that “clones”/generates an arbitrary number of new digital grains from a sample of real digitalized...     

Drying of disperse materials in fluidized and vibrofluidized beds with inert packings

The results are given of an experimental investigation of the drying of very moist materials. It is shown that for this purpose it is preferable to use specially developed original dryers with fluidized and vibrofluidized beds, and also to use inert packings in them.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 264–271, February, 1987.     

Stresses in granular materials

When circularly polarised light is passed through a granular material under boundary stresses patterns—‘light stripes’—are seen in the resulting images which have been traditionally associated with the directions of major principal stresses in the equivalent continuum. In this paper the passage of polarised light through a single spherical particle under stress is studied experimentally and analytically. The effect of placing the particle within a layer of particles, a layer of thickness 2–3 particles, and within a mass of particles is investigated experimentally. The appearance of light stripes is a visual reinforcement of effects seen at the particle level provided the level of stresses in individual particles is low. The implications for quantitative photoelastic interpretation of granular media are discussed.     

Modeling soft granular materials

Soft-grain materials such as clays and other colloidal pastes share the common feature of being composed of grains that can undergo large deformations without rupture. For the simulation of such materials, we present two alternative methods: (1) an implicit formulation of the material point method (MPM), in which each grain is discretized as a collection of material points, and (2) the bonded particle model (BPM), in which each soft grain is modeled as an aggregate of rigid particles using the contact dynamics method. In the MPM, a linear elastic behavior is used for the grains. In order to allow the aggregates in the BPM to deform without breaking, we use long-range center-to-center attraction forces between the primary particles belonging to each grain together with steric repulsion at their contact points. We show that these interactions lead to a plastic behavior of the grains. Using both methods, we analyze the uniaxial compaction of 2D soft granular packings. This process is nonlinear and involves both grain rearrangements and large deformations. High packing fractions beyond the jamming state are reached as a result of grain shape change for both methods. We discuss the stress-strain and volume change behavior as well as the evolution of the connectivity of the grains. Similar textures are observed at large deformations although the BPM requires higher stress than the MPM to reach the same level of packing fraction.     

Asymptotic behaviour of granular materials

The concept of the asymptotic behaviour of particulate materials is described, including its enhancement by considering asymptotic states in extension. A 3D discrete element model with elastic spherical particles and the granulometry of a real sand is set up. The numerical sample is stretched from different initial states, and the influence of the strain rate direction on the final state is studied within the stress ratio, void ratio and mean stress space. Asymptotic behaviour is clearly observed, although the grains remain intact (no grain crushing is considered). The extension asymptotic states were observed, and the notion of a normal extension line is introduced. The extension asymptotic states coincide with the peak states observed in the shear tests with constant stress path direction in dense samples.     

Gravitational flow of granular materials

The free flow of granular materials through an orifice in a horizontal bottom has been investigated. An equation is proposed for calculating the mass flow rate.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 870–874, November, 1968.