基于生物质吸附效应的石膏基多功能化复合材料制备与性能

采用废弃核桃壳制备生物质多孔活性炭（PC）,利用真空吸附法将癸酸（CA）封装于PC的孔结构中,形成癸酸-多孔活性炭（CA-PC）。然后将CA-PC与硅藻土（Di）、石膏（Gy）进行复合制备CA-PC/Di-Gy多功能化复合材料,并对其热性能、湿性能以及吸附性能进行测试。采用BET、FTIR、SEM以及DSC等技术对CA-PC/Di-Gy多功能化复合材料进行表征,并分析其结构。结果表明:以废弃核桃壳制备的PC具有发达的孔隙结构,不仅能够包裹CA,而且可以吸附甲醛。CA-PC/Di-Gy多功能化复合材料具有良好的调温调湿性能与吸附率,即在32℃附近出现温度平台,在相对湿度40%~60%的平衡含湿量为0.0859~0.2310 g/g,经过4 h对甲醛气体的吸附率接近40%。     

微粉化对三七质量影响的研究

为了比较三七普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征、水溶性浸出物含量、指标成分溶出量及溶出速度,探索三七粉碎的临界粒径,通过激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对普通粉和微粉进行表征,测定粉体学参数休止角和堆密度,热浸法测定水溶性溶出物的含量,利用小杯溶出法进行指标成分的溶出实验,采用梯度HPLC分析人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的含量。结果表明:三七普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征、水溶性浸出物含量差异显著,人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的溶出速度微粉较快,但两者在溶出量上无显著差异。微粉化对中药的必要性应结合具体的中药进行研究,三七制备为100目的粉体在体外溶出已达到最适。     

格列美脲微粉的制备及其对溶出度的影响

为了制备格列美脲微粉,提高格列美脲片的体外溶出度,采用气流粉碎机制备格列美脲微粉,利用高效液相色谱法测定格列美脲微粉片的体外溶出曲线,并以原研格列美脲片亚莫利为参比制剂,用美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)推荐的相似因子f2法进行溶出曲线的相似性比较。结果表明,微粉的中位粒径d50为1.30μm,粒径范围为0.40~5.85μm,3批片剂溶出曲线的相似因子分别为54.0、57.7、53.6;微粉化可以提高格列美脲片的体外溶出度,其溶出行为与原研参比制剂的相似。     

PEI-CDs复合物的制备及其在药物传输中的应用研究

癌症是21世纪威胁人类健康的三大杀手之一。目前,治疗癌症的药物由于缺乏靶向性和选择性对正常细胞和组织也会造成严重损害。靶向性载药体系的构建是解决这一难题的关键。碳点(Cardon dots,CDs)是近年来发展起来的一种新型荧光纳米材料,因其具有无毒性、优良的生物兼容性、良好的发光性能等优点,在肿瘤标记及药物的靶向输送中具有重大的应用潜力。本实验以枸杞为碳源,采用水热法制备碳量子点,通过静电作用将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰在碳量子点表面,形成PEI-CDs复合物,在室温下通过物理吸附的手段使盐酸阿霉素(Dox)组装到PEI-CDs复合物表面,形成PEI-CDs-Dox型荧光载药系统,并对该载药体系进行体外释放模拟实验。实验结果表明,阿霉素的负载显著增强了碳点复合物的荧光性能,24 h释放率可达90%,随着药物的释放,体系的荧光强度逐渐下降,据此可以将其进一步应用于细胞靶向成像及药物靶向监测。     

纳米六味地黄液的制备与性能

用MICROS超细粉碎机制备纳米六味地黄液,对其显微结构、稳定性和体外溶出度进行了表征,研究了服用六味地黄液的小鼠血清中的SOD对邻苯三酚自氧化速率的抑制率.结果表明,六味地黄药材纳米粉碎后,细胞壁、细胞膜大部分被破碎,有效成分可直接溶出.纳米化使六味地黄液的稳定性得到改善.六味地黄细粉的指标成分-丹皮酚的溶出与时间呈线性关系,而纳米六味地黄中丹皮酚的溶出与时间之间没有线性关系.服用纳米六味地黄液45 min后,六味地黄的累积溶出度比细粉的溶出度高.服用纳米六味地黄组的老龄小鼠血清的SOD活性显著高于细粉组(提高67%),即六味地黄纳米化使抗衰老的药效得到提高.     

不同载体系统黄连素纤维膜的制备及体外释放行为

利用静电纺丝技术制备了质量分数为10%的黄连素/聚乙烯醇(PVA)和黄连素/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)超细纤维,通过红外光谱及扫描电镜照片进行了结构和性能的表征,紫外-可见光分光度计测试了载药超细纤维在人工肠液和人工胃液的体外释药行为。PVP载药纤维膜的累计释药率明显高于PVA载药纤维膜。PVA载药纤维具有较好的缓释效果,有一定的靶向药位;PVP超细纤维膜能够将难溶药物黄连素速溶于体液中,达到提高难溶药物生物利用度的目的。     

间苯三酚栓剂在家兔体内的药动学研究

建立液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)测定间苯三酚血药浓度的方法,并研究间苯三酚栓剂在家兔体内的药动学特征。取6只健康家兔直肠给予间苯三酚栓剂,于给药前和给药后5,10,15,18,20,25,30,45,60,90,120,180 min分别自耳动脉采血0.5 mL。采用LC-MS检测其血药浓度,安捷伦C18柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相甲醇-水(含0.1%甲酸)梯度洗脱,三重串联四级杆质谱电喷雾(ESI)离子源,多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,离子化方式为正模式,进样量为2μL。采用DAS3.0药动学软件计算其在家兔体内的药动力学参数。间苯三酚在0.1725~5.52mg/L质量浓度范围内与其峰面积与内标峰面积的比值呈良好的线性关系。间苯三酚在家兔体内的药动学参数t_(1/2),T_(max),C_(max),AUC_(0-∞)分别为65.733 min,15 min,1.277 3 mg/L,39.993(mg·min)/L。该方法专属性强、精密度好,可用于间苯三酚家兔体内的药动学研究。间苯三酚栓剂在家兔体内代谢过程符合一室模型。     

生物玻璃矿化性能及其离子溶出对成骨细胞功能的影响

通过体外矿化实验, 对比研究了熔融法生物玻璃45S5和溶胶－凝胶法生物玻璃58S、77S的生物矿化性能的差异;并运用了这三种生物玻璃的DMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium)浸提液对MC-3T3细胞进行培养, 以考察不同生物玻璃在培养液中的离子溶出对成骨细胞增殖及ALP(碱性磷酸酶)活性的影响. 通过体外矿化实验可以发现, 77S的生物矿化性能相对45S5和58S较差, 在SBF溶液(模拟体液)中浸泡96h只能形成HA(羟基磷灰石)晶体, 45S5和58S则能生成类骨HCA(碳酸羟基磷灰石)晶体; 但细胞培养实验发现, 77S浸提液中培养的细胞, 其细胞增殖和ALP活性都明显高于45S、58S和对照组. 由此认为, 一定的离子浓度范围内, Si离子的存在有利于成骨细胞的增殖与分裂.     

电纺复合纳米纤维对难溶药物增溶促渗作用研究

以75%(体积比)的乙醇水溶液为溶剂,将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP K30、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、阿魏酸(FA)按质量比30:1:10:w/v%配成共溶纺丝液,采用电纺工艺制备出多组分复合纳米纤维.场扫描电镜观察表明纤维膜具有立体三维连续网状结构,纤维结构均一、表面光滑,96%纤维直径在140～280nm之间.X射线晶体衍射和差示扫描量热结果表明FA和SDS能以分子状态高度复合分散于PVP纤维基材中,衰减全反射红外扫描结果表明SDS、FA、PVP之间能够通过氢键、静电吸引、疏水性能发生相互作用而复合.体外溶出与透膜结果表明复合纳米纤维具有改善药物溶出特征、促进药物透膜吸收的功能.     

CA/PSf共混超滤膜的制备及性能研究

以聚砜(PSf)为基膜材料,醋酸纤维素(CA)为共混膜材料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,去离子水为凝固浴,采用非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS法)制备CA/PSf共混平板超滤膜.综合考察了共混膜有机物溶出量,铸膜液聚合物浓度和共混比以及不同凝固浴组成对膜结构、水通量、水接触角、孔隙率、蛋白质截留率的影响.结果表明:相对于传统的以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为添加剂的共混膜,使用CA作为添加剂,共混膜有机物溶出量大幅降低.随着CA含量的增加,共混膜孔隙率逐渐增大,亲水性增加.另外,随着凝胶浴中溶剂含量的增大,共混膜纯水通量不断降低,BSA截留率逐渐升高,膜形态结构变得更加致密.     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用进展

介绍了纳米润滑粒子的制备方法,探讨了纳米粒子的润滑机理,包括膜作用机理、类滚珠作用机理和表面优化作用机理.着重综述了纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用,具体包括:纳米无机粒子可作为添加剂在润滑油、聚合物基复合材料中起抗磨、减摩作用;纳米粒子应用于非聚合物基复合涂层,可形成一种根据环境自我调节的活泼纳米复合涂层,此涂层具有广泛的应用前景.     

金属间合物超塑性的研究进展

金属间化合物超塑性是近十几年开展的研究课题。超塑性加工技术是解决金属间化合物加工成型难题最可行的方法之一。综述了金属间化合物及其合金的超塑性研究进展,并着重介绍了热点研究的铝化物的情况。     

陶瓷超塑性的研究进展

本文综述了氧化锆及其复相陶瓷超塑性的研究现状，论述了陶瓷超塑性的变形机理，微观特征和断裂特性。同时，分析和对比了陶瓷超塑性与金属超塑性的特点。目前，对于正确理解超塑性陶瓷的变形机理，还需进行大量工作。     

提升国内ERP实施顾问的水平

在引入ERP系统过程中，实施是一个相当重要的环节，实施顾问的水平高低对ERP项目成功与否有举足轻重的作用。本文主要对国内ERP实施顾问的现状、国内ERP实施顾问所面临的问题进行分析，在此基础上对提高国内ERP实施顾问水平的紧迫性、重要性以及如何提高国内实施顾问的水平进行论述。