NiO/Al体系绝热温度的数值计算与试验验证

根据热力学基本原理, 通过计算机编程, 对NiO/Al体系的绝热温度进行了数值计算。结果表明, 预热温度低于2790 K时, 体系绝热温度即为产物Ni 的沸点温度(3156 K) , 对体系进行预热仅仅是提高产物Ni 的蒸发量; 同时, 研究表明, 稀释剂Al2O3粉末的添加量在一定的范围内对体系的绝热温度没有影响, 这些温度与生成物的相变温度相对应。      

添加Al2O3对CuW70合金阴极斑点运动特性的影响

采用熔渗法制备了不同Al2O3添加量的CuW70合金,研究了Al2O3对CuW70合金组织和真空击穿性能的影响,利用高速摄影观察了CuW70合金表面阴极斑点运动规律.结果表明:未添加Al2O3的CuW70合金烧蚀主要集中在Cu聚集区;在放电过程中,阴极斑点运动表现为原地重复的燃烧,合金表面烧蚀严重.添加Al2O3后,CuW70首击穿相发生转移,集中在Al2O3颗粒上,阴极斑点更为分散,合金主烧蚀区面积明显减少;Al2O3的添加延长了电弧寿命,降低了截流值.     

被氧气毒化后LaNi4.7Al0.3的XPS分析*

通过XPS研究了被氧气毒化后LaNi4.7Al0.3合金的La、Ni、Al元素价态的变化,采用氩离子枪溅射刻蚀,获得了元素价态随深度的变化信息,结果表明,在表层生成物为La(OH)3、LaH2、Ni、NiO、Ni2O3、Al2O3。当溅射到0．4min时,O的谱峰发生了较为明显的变化,γ相的Al2O3增多,α相的Al2O3减少。当溅射到2．0min时,合金的内表层Ni2O3减少,NiO增多,合金的氧化程度减轻。当溅射到10min时,出现了金属La。可见,表层氧化较充分,随着深度的增加,氧化程度减轻。     

在电场中燃烧合成Al2O3-TiC-Al复合材料的结构形成机理

以3TiO2 3C (4 x)Al为反应体系,用电场激发燃烧合成技术并使用合成中形成的液态Al对产物的渗透作用,制备出致密度为92.5%的Al2O3-TiC-Al复合材料,采用燃烧波峰淬熄法研究了原位合成Al2O3-TiC-Al复合材料的结构形成机理.结果表明:电场提供的焦耳效应可提高体系的绝热燃烧温度,从而可突破该体系只能在x＜10 mol下发生SHS反应的热力学限制;在Al2O3-TiC-Al复合材料动力学过程中,首先Al粉熔融,进而加速与TiO2的反应生成Al2O3;然后Al与TiO2反应还原出Ti并与C反应生成TiC;液态Al的渗透将Al2O3和TiC颗粒粘结起来,形成致密的复合材料组织.     

Al-TiO2—C体系MC法合成Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料的动力学分析

利用Al-TiO2-C体系熔铸法制备原位自生Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料。采用Kissinger法测定该体系的激活能。该材料反应的动力学机制由熔化、扩散、反应和冷却四个阶段组成。该体系的主体反应为Al与TiO2之间发生的、伴随着强烈放热的置换反应,以及石墨粒子与其周围富钛层的反应。前者导致了Al2O3粒子生成;后者则生成了TiC粒子。基于理论计算和实验研究,建立了Al-TiO2-C体系MC合成工艺制备原位自生Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料的动力学模型。动力学分析表明,石墨和TiO2颗粒愈细,混粉效果愈好,增强相的体积分数愈高,反应速率就愈大,反应完成所需时间也愈短。     

Al2O3f/ZA27复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

在ZA27合金中添加不同体积分数的Al2O3短纤维，对其摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明，Al2O3／ZA27材料的摩擦系数大于ZA27合金，并且纤维体积分数越大，则平均摩擦系数越大。Al2O3f／ZA27材料的耐磨性明显优于ZA27合金，并且与纤维取向有关。     

纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化特性研究

以电化学方法合成的Al2O3多孔膜为基体，采用交流电沉积的方法在膜孔中沉积纳米TiO2，制备出纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜。对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征；对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化甲基橙溶液进行了研究。结果表明Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜呈现出较好的光催化活性，电沉积TiO2的时间、热处理温度、选择不同光源照射均对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化活性有一定的影响。     

纳米Al/Al2O3复合材料的热稳定性机理

通过对纳米Al/Al2O3复合材料微观结构的研究，揭示了这种材料热稳定性的特点，在550℃以下，完整的Al2O3的外壳限制了Al的传输，从而保持了原来的晶粒形态和尺寸。在570～650℃的温度范围内，弥散分布的Al2O3碎片通过钉扎晶界抑制了Al晶粒的长大，即使在660℃，Al晶粒熔化后，弥散的Al2O3碎片仍可在冷凝过程中有效地抑制Al晶粒的长大。     

Al2O3透明陶瓷显微结构的研究

采用高纯Al2O3(＞99.9%)粉末为原料,用无压烧结工艺制备Al2O3透明陶瓷.研究了添加剂Y2O3、烧结温度、保温时间等对Al2O3透明陶瓷显微结构和光学性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量的Y2O3能够抑制Al2O3晶粒的生长,改善烧结性能,但添加量过多会使Al2O3陶瓷气孔略有增加.在1800℃烧结的样品密度接近理论密度,具有较好的光学性能.延长保温时间能够使晶粒长大的同时有效排除晶界处少量气孔.     

纳米Al2O3及PTFE的加入对镀层性能的影响

在化学镀Ni-P合金镀液中添加纳米Al2O3及PTFE制得Ni-P/PTFE-Al2O3复合镀层.研究了纳米Al2O3及PTFE的添加量对镀层硬度、磨损及减摩性能的影响.结果表明:纳米Al2O3及PTFE的加入能提高Ni-P合金镀层的硬度、耐磨及减摩性.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

静电纺丝法制备的Co0.6Ni0.3Cu0.1Fe2O4和Co0.6Ni0.3Zn0.1Fe2O4纳米纤维的结构及磁性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备出表面光滑、直径均匀的Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4/PVP和Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Zn_(0.1)Fe_2O_4/PVP纳米纤维前驱丝,经500~900℃煅烧后得到Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4和Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Zn_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维。用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM及VSM现代测试分析手段对Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4和Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Zn_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维的结构、形貌及磁学性能进行测试表征。结果表明:在空气气氛中经500~900℃煅烧后可得到纯尖晶石相、结晶度良好的纳米纤维或短纤维;当温度为700℃时,Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4和Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Zn_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维的形貌细长而光滑且直径相对均匀,大约为80nm;此时Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维则保有较高的剩磁比(M_r/M_s)及矫顽力,分别为0.56和1 088.87Oe。在500℃、600℃、700℃、800℃、900℃煅烧后,Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Zn_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维的饱和磁化强度分别比Co_(0.6)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.1)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维增大了14.5%、7%、16%、10.7%、8%,而矫顽力则分别降低了38%、51%、50%、46%、46.7%。两种纳米纤维的饱和磁化强度及矫顽力存在差异,为CoNi铁氧体在电磁方面的应用提供了很好的参考。