T300/5405复合材料的吸水特性研究

通过对Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料在６０℃,８０℃、１００℃水中近９００ｈ的浸水试验研究,给出了Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料的吸水曲线,分别确定了扩散系数、平衡吸湿量与水温的关系。从而为深入研究Ｔ３００／５４０５复合材料的吸湿行为奠定了基础。     

湿热循环对CCF300/QY8911复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对CCF300/QY8911复合材料试样进行循环吸湿-脱湿处理,绘制吸湿和脱湿曲线并用Fick第二定律进行拟合,采用层间剪切强度(ILSS)表征不同湿热条件对纤维/树脂界面性能的影响,再通过SEM观察试样剖面和侧面的微观形貌。结果表明:CCF300/QY8911复合材料的吸湿和脱湿行为符合Fick第二定律,试样水浸(水温71℃)14天后达到饱和吸湿率;水对CCF300/QY8911复合材料纤维/树脂界面的破坏分为可逆和不可逆,脱湿处理会消除可逆破坏,使干态ILSS有所回复;湿热循环次数增加会进一步引起纤维/树脂界面产生不可逆破坏,使CCF300/QY8911复合材料ILSS降低,但吸湿是引起这种复合材料ILSS性能下降的主要因素。     

湿热环境对复合材料正交板静拉伸性能的影响

对CCF300/BA9916复合材料正交板进行吸湿-脱湿实验,测定其在干态、湿态和脱湿条件下的静拉伸性能,研究了湿热环境下该材料的吸湿和脱湿行为。结果表明:在70℃水浸条件下CCF300/BA9916复合材料的吸湿过程与脱湿过程均符合Fick第二定律,试验件约在35 d后达到有效吸湿平衡状态,有效吸湿平衡率为0.85%;吸湿导致复合材料试验件的静拉伸性能下降了10.3%,而脱湿处理可使静拉伸性能得到一定程度的恢复。     

循环湿热环境下碳纤维复合材料界面性能

为研究循环湿热环境对CCF300/5405复合材料体系界面性能的影响,首先对该体系循环吸湿—脱湿行为进行研究,其次分析湿热环境下层间剪切强度的变化,最后采用扫描电镜观察纤维/基体界面的微观形貌.研究结果表明:CCF300/5405体系吸湿处理后,纤维与基体间界面遭到水分破坏,产生大量空隙和裂纹,使得水分的扩散速率明显增加,吸湿率增大,且这种破坏不可逆;吸湿之后材料层间剪切强度下降,烘干之后可以恢复到近于自然干态水平;相对于水分对复合材料的不可逆破坏,可逆破坏对层间剪切强度值减小的贡献更大.     

国产炭纤维CCF300与T300炭纤维复合材料剪切载荷下的失效模式研究

对国产炭纤维与T300炭纤维复合材料层合板在常温干态、常温湿态、高温干态与高温湿态四种环境条件下进行了短梁剪切实验.采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对其剪切性能、失效模式与损伤机理进行了对比研究.结果表明:界面性能是影响纤维树脂基复合材料剪切性能与失效模式最为重要的因素,而国产炭纤维复合材料在界面性能的控制上还有待改进.因...     

界面对三维编织复合材料的吸湿行为的影响

研究了不同界面结合状况的三维编织炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的吸湿行为，通过对炭纤维表面氧化处理提高了复合材料的界面结合强度。对复合材料的断口和吸湿复合材料的表现形貌进行了SEM观察。结果表明，吸湿过程满足Fick扩散；强界面结合抑制了三维编织复合材料吸湿，降低了水的扩散系数。     

T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和化学介质中的老化行为

研究T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和15#液压油、4010#合成航空润滑油、RP-3航空煤油和AHC-1水基型清洗剂4种飞机上常用的化学介质中的老化行为、实验不同时间后的吸湿量及力学性能。采用红外光谱(IR)和动态力学(DMA)分析T700/5224复合材料在介质老化过程中的化学变化和玻璃化转变温度Tg。结果表明:在80℃-85%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后吸湿量为1.05%,在80℃-100%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后的吸湿量为1.35%;T700/5224复合材料湿热老化后,剪切性能随老化时间变化不大,弯曲性能下降较大,开孔拉伸性能变化较大,但总体上并没有降低,而开孔压缩性能一直缓慢下降。介质老化对T700/5224复合材料的力学性能影响不大,AHC-1水基型清洗剂对其影响大于其他3种介质,T700/5224复合材料在AHC-1水基型清洗剂中浸泡45天后其玻璃转变温度Tg下降10℃。     

湿热环境下碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料长期力学性能

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)因其耐腐蚀、轻质高强等特点被广泛应用于海洋环境,进而长期遭受湿热环境的考验。为了解湿热环境和极端温度对碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料的影响,测试了湿热老化前后和不同温度下CFRP的压缩性能、面内剪切性能和层间剪切强度变化。FTIR和SEM结果表明：纯树脂试样在湿热环境中发生了水解,使试样表面的微裂纹和孔隙不断扩展并向试样内部渗透;碳纤维的埋入抑制了水的扩散和水解,因而CFRP的吸湿曲线与Fickian模型高度吻合;纯树脂由于水解反应影响了吸湿通道使吸湿曲线偏离Fickian模型。力学性能表明：湿热老化90天后压缩强度和层间剪切强度分别降低7.6%、12.3%;试样在高温(70℃)下的压缩强度、面内剪切强度、层间剪切强度分别急剧降低36.2%、26.9%、37.4%,且高温对试样力学性能的影响具有部分可逆性。     

考虑层间和界面的玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料吸湿扩散实验和仿真

为研究复合材料层间和界面对吸湿扩散系数的影响,开展单向玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料和纯环氧树脂的吸湿实验,获取复合材料的三维扩散系数。采用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜分别获取复合材料层间和界面的参数。依据实验结果,建立包含层间和界面的复合材料瞬态扩散与稳态扩散有限元模型。结果表明:复合材料沿纤维方向的扩散系数大于纯树脂的扩散系数,垂直于纤维的两个方向的扩散系数不相等。包含层间的有限元模型能更真实地反映复合材料的结构及其吸湿过程,层间对垂直于纤维方向的扩散起促进作用。纬纱对沿其方向扩散的促进作用明显。为拟合复合材料的三维扩散系数,需要考虑界面扩散性能的正交各向异性。     

Moisture absorption,tensile strength and microstructure evolution of short jute fiber/polylactide composite in hygrothermal environment

In this research, aging behaviors of short jute fiber/Polylactide (PLA) composite material in hygrothermal environment were investigated. The material was fabricated by using film stacking hot pressed method. The aging was carried out for uncoated samples and adhesive tape coated samples in saturated vapor at 70 °C. Moisture absorption rates of the samples were measured during the aging process. It is found that the moisture absorption process of uncoated samples includes three stages: a short and quick moisture uptaking stage, a slow stable uptaking stage and an abrupt very quick moisture uptaking stage. Microstructures of the samples in different aging stages were observed. The main defects occurred during the aging process include pores, microcracks, delamination and complete relaxation in the whole structure. The results reveal that the moisture absorption and aging process can be effectively retarded by coating. The molecular weight measurement by gel permission chromatography (GPC) indicated that the PLA matrix was severely degraded in hygrothermal environment. Tensile strength severely decreased after aging.     

Moisture absorption behavior of sugar palm fiber reinforced epoxy composites

In engineering practice, moisture absorption test is generally used for quality control purposes and to measure the degradation of the quality for the composite materials. The objectives of this study are to investigate the value of Fickian diffusivity constant, moisture equilibrium content and correction factor for the natural fiber composites. Tests were carried out on composite plates, which was a combination of sugar palm fiber and epoxy resins and two different fiber compositions have been chosen which were 10% and 20% by weight. Pure epoxy plates have been used for the control measures. The specimens were oven dried for 60 h in an air-circulating oven operated with 108 °C before being immersed in the constant temperature water bath, which the distilled water was set at 40 °C for the moisture absorption behavior test for 33 days. From this study, plates with 20% fiber loading possessed the highest amount of moisture prior to the moisture absorption behavior test, which is 0.93%. In moisture absorption behavior test, the corrected value of Fickian diffusivity constant for the 20% fiber loading is 3.76 × 10⁻⁷ mm²/s, which is the highest among other composites. It is shown that, for composite plates that contain higher fiber composition, the moisture absorption rate is even higher.     

Effect of Moisture and Temperature on the Compressive Failure of CCF300/QY8911 Unidirectional Laminates

CCF300/BMI composites are relevant materials for supersonic aircraft due to their high specific properties. However in aeronautical applications, the composites are exposed to severe environmental conditions, and it is known that hot and humid environments can degrade some aspects of the material performance especially the compressive strength. In this paper, the effect of moisture and temperature on the compressive failure of unidirectional CCF300 carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide(BMI) matrix composites were studied. Also scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed for fractographic investigations. It is observed that the plastic deformations at the fiber/matrix and interlaminar interface as well as residual stresses lower the compressive strength of the material. The failure of specimens tested in hot and wet conditions always occurs as a result of out-of-plane microbuckling that is attributed to the reduction of matrix strength. In addition, the fiber microbuckling model, fiber kinking model and combined model were employed for the compressive strength prediction of the UD CCF300/QY8911 composites subjected to different environment conditions. The comparison was done between these models. Results show that the combined model is more suitable for the compressive strength prediction of CCF300/QY8911 composite systems when suffering severe environment conditions.     

Processing and hygrothermal effects on viscoelastic behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites

Fiber reinforced epoxy composites are used in a wide variety of applications in the aerospace field. These materials have high specific moduli, high specific strength and their properties can be tailored to application requirements. In order to screening optimum materials behavior, the effects of external environments on the mechanical properties during usage must be clearly understood. The environmental action, such as high moisture concentration, high temperatures, corrosive fluids or ultraviolet radiation (UV), can affect the performance of advanced composites during service. These factors can limit the applications of composites by deteriorating the mechanical properties over a period of time. Properties determination is attributed to the chemical and/or physical damages caused in the polymer matrix, loss of adhesion of fiber/resin interface, and/or reduction of fiber strength and stiffness. The dynamic elastic properties are important characteristics of glass fiber reinforced composites (GRFC). They control the damping behavior of composite structures and are also an ideal tool for monitoring the development of GFRC’s mechanical properties during their processing or service. One of the most used tests is the vibration damping. In this work, the measurement consisted of recording the vibration decay of a rectangular plate excited by a controlled mechanism to identify the elastic and damping properties of the material under test. The frequency amplitude were measured by accelerometers and calculated by using a digital method. The present studies have been performed to explore relations between the dynamic mechanical properties, damping test and the influence of high moisture concentration of glass fiber reinforced composites (plain weave). The results show that the E’ decreased with the increase in the exposed time for glass fiber/epoxy composites specimens exposed at 80^∘C and 90% RH. The E’ values found were: 26.7, 26.7, 25.4, 24.7 and 24.7 GPa for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of exposure, respectively.     

湿-热-力耦合环境下复合材料结构损伤分析与性能研究

将考虑湿热效应的经典层合板理论引入有限元方法中, 通过精确考察单层板等效参数衰减、追踪初始破坏后的卸载以及对最终破坏进行判定, 在精确预测湿热环境对复合材料性能影响的同时追踪了损伤演化过程。通过建立湿-热-力耦合下复合材料宏观性能的定量表达式, 发展湿-热-力耦合环境下复合材料性能演化表征与预测方法, 实现在有限元分析中考虑湿热效应的影响。对3 种不同铺层方式复合材料层合板进行湿热环境试验研究, 并利用本文中分析方法进行损伤模拟, 分析结果与实验结果符合得较好。      

Moisture absorption of unidirectional hybrid composites

Unidirectional hybrid composite rods were conditioned in humid air to investigate the sorption kinetics and the effects of moisture on mechanical and physical properties. Sorption curves were obtained for both hybrid and non-hybrid composite rods to determine characteristic parameters, including the diffusion coefficient (D) and the maximum moisture uptake (M_∞). The moisture uptake for the hybrid composites generally exhibited Fickian behavior (no hybridization effects), behaving much like non-hybrid composites. A two-dimensional diffusion model was employed to calculate moisture diffusivities in the longitudinal direction. Interfaces and thermally-induced residual stresses affected the moisture diffusion. In addition, the effect of hygrothermal aging on glass transition temperature (T_g), short beam shear strength (SBS), and tensile strength was determined for hygrothermal exposure at 60 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH). Property retention and reversibility of property degradation were also measured. Microscopic inspection revealed no evidence of damage.     

Influence of hygrothermal environment on thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/fiberglass hybrid composites

The absorption and diffusion of water in a carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid composite was investigated. Water-sorption experiments, mechanical property tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed after immersion in water at different temperatures for up to 32 weeks. The moisture uptake mechanism exhibited by the hybrid fiber system was determined to be more complex than the single fiber type. Weight-change profiles for the composites fitted the theoretical Fickian diffusion curve during the initial immersion time, but diverged substantially as time progressed. The shear properties and the glass transition temperature (T_g) were sensitive to the effects of hygrothermal environment, and values for both decreased with increasing water uptake. Microscopic inspection of water-soaked samples showed no cracking when the absorption was less than saturation. The thermal and mechanical properties were mostly retained (after drying), provided the moisture absorption did not exceed the saturation point.