双轴向经编织物T700／BM16421复合材料力学性能

对双轴向经编织物T700／双马来酰亚胺树脂（BMI）6421复合材料进行了弯曲性能和层间剪切性能测试，以同状态无经编线的单向布T700／BM16421复合材料作对比，分析了经编织物T700／BM16421复合材料的力学特性，采用微观金相、SEM分析了经编线引起的纤维层内部结构变化。结果表明，引入经编线导致纤维束面内排列...     

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维, 以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物, 并以其作为增强体, 采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料。对两种复合材料0°、 90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试, 分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度。结果表明: 两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能, 0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的, 弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征; MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能; 复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同, 致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料, 两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响, 而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近。研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考。     

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维,以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物,并以其作为增强体,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料.对两种复合材料0°、90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试,分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度.结果表明:两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能,0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的,弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征;MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能;复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同,致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料,两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响,而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近.研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考.     

T700轴向增强经编织物复合材料力学性能的模拟分析与试验研究

应用一种新型界面元模型研究了复合材料层间剪切损伤。通过引入双线性损伤准则和损伤演化,预报复合材料层间裂纹扩展。轴向增强经编织物复合材料由针织纱线引起的纤维变形(KYD)产生了富树脂区域,基于细观力学理论提出了一种新的研究轴向增强经编织物单胞模型受单向拉伸和剪切时KYD区周围应力分布的方法,得出了单胞在受载时首先在这一区域产生裂纹。对单轴向T700经编织物复合材料进行了三点弯曲性能和层间剪切性能试验测试,分析了经编织物复合材料的力学特性。分别模拟了弯曲性能和层间剪切性能试验,得出了最大预报载荷值与试验值误差小于10%,并基于有限元模型研究了复合材料面内损伤和层间裂纹扩展损伤机制。     

定型剂对经编织物液态成型复合材料工艺性及其力学性能的影响

研究了双马来酰亚胺树脂定型剂含量对0°/90°双轴向经编织物(Non-crimp fabric,NCF)定型效果、液态成型工艺性、复合材料力学性能的影响。采用厚度回弹、C型回弹的方法表征定型效果;采用厚度压缩与偏轴拉伸实验表征带定型剂织物成型工艺性;并采用弯曲实验与层间剪切实验表征复合材料力学性能。实验结果表明定型剂的添加显著提高了NCF织物的预定型效果;经定型剂处理后NCF织物的面内剪切模量有了较大提高,抗剪切变形能力增强;添加定型剂对0°/90°双轴向NCF织物复合材料的力学性能影响不大,但在改善其工艺性的同时并不会降低其复合材料的力学性能。     

考虑双拉耦合的复合材料编织物各向异性超弹性本构模型

为了准确描述复合材料编织物的各向异性力学特性,首先,基于纤维增强复合材料连续介质力学理论提出了一种考虑纤维双拉耦合的复合材料编织物各向异性超弹性本构模型,该模型中单位体积的应变能被解耦为便于参数识别的纤维拉伸变形能、双拉耦合引起的挤压变形能和纤维间角度变化产生的剪切变形能;然后,给出了模型参数的确定方法,并通过拟合单轴拉伸、双轴拉伸和镜框剪切实验数据得到了本构模型参数;最后,利用该模型对双轴拉伸和镜框剪切实验进行了数值仿真,并将模拟结果与实验结果对比分析。结果表明:提出的本构模型适用于表征复合材料编织物在成型过程中由于大变形引起的非线性各向异性力学行为。所得结论表明提出的本构模型具有简单、实用的优点,且材料参数容易确定,可为复合材料编织物成型的数值模拟和工艺优化奠定理论基础。      

织物结构对玄武岩织物/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

采用三种不同结构玄武岩织物(单向/平纹/2.5维),通过树脂传递模塑成型工艺(RTM)制备了玄武岩织物增强环氧树脂复合材料。通过拉伸和弯曲试验,研究了织物结构对复合材料力学性能的影响,探讨了不同织物结构玄武岩织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的损伤破坏机制。结果表明:织物结构形式对复合材料的力学性能有较大影响,单向玄武岩织物复合材料的拉伸性能最好,试样的拉伸断口相对齐平,分层现象不明显;2.5维玄武岩织物复合材料弯曲性能最好,且纬向弯曲性能优于经向。2.5维织物增强复合材料的结构整体性较好,受到拉伸和弯曲载荷不会产生分层破坏。根据扫描电子显微镜(SEM)断面分析可以判定,玄武岩织物/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸和弯曲加载过程中的损伤类型主要为织物中纤维的断裂及纤维-树脂的界面脱粘。     

织物结构对复合材料力学性能影响的试验研究

为探讨不同结构形式织物对复合材料力学性能的影响及其损伤破坏机制之间的差异,通过宏观拉压试验,研究了经编及平纹碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料的拉伸及压缩力学性能,并利用声发射对试验过程进行实时监测,对破坏后的断口进行显微镜观察分析,分别给出了两种材料的拉伸和压缩破坏机制.研究结果表明:织物结构形式对复合材料的力学性能有较大影响,与经编织物复合材料相比,平纹织物复合材料的拉伸、压缩强度均较低,且其拉伸、压缩破坏试样的断口相对齐平,分层现象不明显;根据声发射监测结果可以判定两种复合材料损伤过程中的损伤类型,与经编织物相比,平纹织物复合材料拉/压过程中的声发射电压信号相对稳定且整体强度较低.     

不同结构UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料弯曲性能

以超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维为原料,在电脑横机上编织出较理想的UHMWPE纤维纬平针、罗纹、畦编针织结构织物.采用VARTM工艺、(0°,90°)3s铺层方式成功制备了六层纬平针、六层罗纹以及六层畦编UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料板.对三种复合材料板的弯曲性能及其影响因素进行研究,比较并分析其弯曲应力-挠度变化曲线和破坏形式.结果表明:三种UHMWPE纤维纬编针织结构增强复合材料的弯曲应力-挠度曲线具有非线性特征,曲线均类似于抛物线;其中,纬平针织结构复合材料的弯曲强度最大,罗纹次之,畦编最小;承受弯曲破坏的主要是树脂基体,没有出现增强体断裂、撕开等现象,表明由高强聚乙烯纤维制成的增强体材料具有较强的韧性与较高的强力.     

经编织物法制备连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料 的微观形貌和浸润过程分析

采用经编织物等温热压法制备了连续纤维增强GF/PP热塑性复合材料。用扫描电镜对不同工艺条件下的复合材料微观形貌进行了观察,研究了工艺条件对浸润状态的影响规律,分析了纤维的浸润过程和主要缺陷的产生原因,并给出了浸润过程的初步模型。实验结果表明,这种GF/PP经编织物在一定工艺条件下热压成型,热塑性基体熔体可较好地浸润纤维,并使纤维达到较为理想的分散状态,是制备连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料一种新的途径。      

芳纶捆绑对纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强环氧树脂复合材料层间性能的影响

将芳纶作为捆绑纱制备纬编双轴向多层衬纱(MBWK)织物增强环氧树脂复合材料，研究了MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料层间性能及芳纶捆绑纱对其层间性能的影响。通过三点弯曲和短梁剪切测试，得到MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲性能和层间剪切性能，并通过Aramis V6三维场应变测量系统观察实验过程中层间应变变化。与传统涤纶低弹丝捆绑的MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料相比，芳纶捆绑MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲性能和层间剪切性能明显提升，弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别提高了14.21%和12.70%；弯曲模量提高了25.49%。芳纶捆绑MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料在受到面外载荷时，纵向应变(Epsilon X)和层间剪切应变(Epsilon XZ)在中性面区域内较大，且在受到面外载荷时，芳纶捆绑纱起到有效抑制复合材料分层的作用。      

Tensile properties of multilayer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric reinforced composites for carbon fibers

Multilayered-connected biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabric reinforced composites have excellent tensile properties. Three kinds of different fabrics reinforced composites are used in this paper, which are three-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric, four-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric and five-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric. The tensile properties of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites are studied with 0° and 90° directional testing with different carbon fiber volume fractions. The results show that the carbon fiber volume fraction has significant effect on tensile strength of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites. The linear correlation between tensile strength and carbon fiber volume fraction is very well in the certain range, and failure analyses are also available by means of sample debris examination to identify the failure modes and the fracture surfaces.     

Influence of three-dimensional (3D) fabric orientation on flexural properties of cement-based composites

This research studied the flexural behavior of textile reinforced cement-based composites reinforced with 3D fabrics. Three different 3D fabrics were examined, each with a different orientation of the spacer yarns. This work focused on the influences involved in the two plane fabric directions, weft and warp. Plain 2D fabrics (not in cement) and within the cement were also examined for comparison. It was found that the warp direction of the plain fabric has higher tensile strength than the weft direction. On the contrary, when the fabric is in a composite, the weft direction presents improved behavior in flexure due to three mechanisms: the tightening of the warp bundles by the loops, the waviness of the warp yarns, and the angle of the yarns located along the composite thickness to the loading direction. In general, compared with 2D fabrics, 3D fabrics are highly beneficial reinforcements for cement-based composites due to their greater reinforcing efficiency via mechanical anchoring.     

国产CCF300碳纤维单向织物液体成型工艺性及其复合材料力学性能

选取国产碳纤维CCF300所制备的2种单向织物,单向无纬织物U3160及单向无屈曲织物KUC160,分别对其预成型体进行压缩特性和渗透特性测试,以研究2种单向织物的液体成型工艺性,并采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备2种单向织物/双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料,测试并对比其面内力学性能。结果表明:预成型体压缩试验中,嵌套效应受压力及织物层数影响较大,压力越高、层数越多,嵌套效应越显著。U3160织物的嵌套效应较KUC160织物更为明显,在较高压力下,KUC160织物预成型体的纤维体积分数较U3160织物的下降了约20%。渗透率测试结果表明:相比U3160织物,KUC160织物0°方向的渗透率较高,而90°方向的渗透率有所降低;这是由于经编线的绑缚作用能促进0°方向的宏观流动,而阻碍90°方向的微观渗透。此外,KUC160织物的经编线与U3160织物的纬向纱线的导流作用也对渗透率有影响。力学性能试验结果表明:相比U3160织物增强复合材料,KUC160织物增强复合材料0°方向的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能均有所下降,拉伸强度和弯曲模量降幅最大,分别约为11%和21%;而层间剪切强度有小幅提高,增幅约为8%。      

Structurally stitched NCF CFRP laminates. Part 1: Experimental characterization of in-plane and out-of-plane properties

The insertion of local through-thickness reinforcements into dry fiber preforms by stitching provides a possibility to improve the mechanical performance of polymer-matrix composites perpendicular to the laminate plane (out-of-plane). Three-dimensional stress states can be sustained by stitching yarns, leading to increased out-of-plane properties, such as impact resistance and damage tolerance. On the other hand, 3D reinforcements induce dislocations of the in-plane fibers causing fiber waviness and the formation of resin pockets in the stitch vicinity after resin infusion which may reduce the in-plane stiffness and strength properties of the laminate.In the present paper an experimental study on the influence of varying stitching parameters on in-plane and out-of-plane properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) carbon fiber/epoxy laminates is presented, namely, shear modulus and strength as well as compression after impact (CAI) strength and mode I energy release rate. The direction of stitching, thread diameter, spacing and pitch length as well as the direction of loading (which is to be interpreted as the direction of the three rail shear loading or the direction of crack propagation in case of mode 1 energy release rate testing) were varied, and their effect on the mechanical properties was evaluated statistically.The stitching parameters were found to have ambivalent effect on the mechanical properties. Larger thread diameters and increased stitch densities result in enhanced CAI strengths and energy release rates but deteriorate the in-plane properties of the laminate. On the other hand, a good compromise between both effects can be found with a proper selection of the stitching configurations.     

Mechanical performance of carbon fibre-reinforced composites based on stitched preforms

A comparative assessment of the influence of pure assembly seams based on a thin (11 tex) polyester yarn in a zigzag geometry on the resulting mechanical performance of a non-crimped fabric (NCF) carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding is presented. This study was aimed at generating a solid foundation regarding the overall performance level of stitched NCF composites and at identifying critical property changes. The comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical composite properties includes static as well as dynamic tests of the in-plane properties as well as a characterisation of the interlaminar properties such as apparent interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and compression after impact (CAI). It is demonstrated that mechanical properties such as the tensile and compression stiffness and CAI strength are not degraded by the chosen stitching parameters, whereas the tensile and compression strength, ILSS as well as the tensile fatigue behaviour are reduced as a result of pronounced localised fibre ondulations. A direct comparison to properties of a commonly used 5H satin woven fabric composite verifies that the overall performance of these particular stitched NCF composites must be enhanced with regard to the identified key criteria to meet the level required for aircraft applications and in order to maintain the performance advantage of NCF composites as compared to standard woven fabrics in general. Promising approaches include the use of different yarn materials based on soluble thermoplastics and/or modified stitching parameters.     

Shear and drape behavior of non-crimp fabrics based on stitching geometry

Non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) enable relatively high mechanical properties by keeping the reinforcement tows straight. Handling of those fabrics is improved by stitching the reinforcement tows together. While the stitching has little structural influence on the final part, it highly affects the NCFs capability to shear and drape over a mold during preforming. High tensile strain in the stitching yarn has been correlated to the NCF resistance to shearing and even adverse drape defects such as tow undulations. Furthermore, stitching causes the shear behavior of the fabric to be anisotropic, with different behavior in positive and negative shear. In the current study, a model based on the stitching geometry and reinforcement tow directions has been created to find the tensile strain in the stitching yarn as the NCF is being sheared. It was found that the stitch angle was the main driving stitching parameter, and that this angle could be selected so that shearing in both positive and negative directions produces no tensile strain in the stitching yarn. The model showed good correlation with uniaxial bias-extension and drape tests for NCFs with different stitching parameters. Finally, design charts are displayed which can be used to select the stitching parameters of standard industrial NCF-machines which results in NCFs with near-symmetric shear behavior and thus good shear and draping performance.     

The fatigue properties of weft-knit fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites

Carbon and glass tows were fabricated into Interlock, Full-Cardigan, Milano and Rib fabric stitches by weft-knitting. The fatigue strength of composites made from these fabrics and epoxy resin was studied in terms of the relationship of the knitting stitch and the applied direction, the stress number of the fatigue distribution, hysteresis heating, lost strength, and fatigue damage propagation rate. In addition, by using the above composites, we compared the fatigue strength with plain-weave fabric composites.

The weft-knit composites loaded by fixed cantilever bending showed that the wale direction had a greater stiffness than the course direction. The Interlock fabric composite provides the highest fatigue resistance in these weft-knit stitches. However, the fatigue strength of a plain-weave fabric composite is higher than that of the weft-knit fabric composites. In a fatigue test, the hysteresis heating is below 60°C. On the other hand, the fatigue resistance ability can be increased about 40–60% by a sandwich lamination method.     

Bending, compression, and shear behavior of woven glass fiber–epoxy composites

The mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of through-the-thickness stitched plain weave glass fabric–epoxy composites were studied. Unstitched plain weave and biaxial non-crimp fabrics were used for comparison. Composite panels were fabricated using Resin Transfer Molding. Z-directional stitching increased the delamination resistance and lowered the bending strength of the composites. Composites made from through-the-thickness stitched fabrics demonstrated improved compression after impact behavior as compared to the unstitched fabrics. The results presented in this investigation should be useful in tailoring textile composites to achieve specific property goals.