碳纤维布加固混凝土梁弯曲性能的试验研究

通过对4根矩形截面钢筋混凝土梁的静力加载试验,研究了碳纤维布对抗弯加固梁的破坏形态、刚度变化、极限承载力、变形能力和裂缝开展情况的影响,分析了碳纤维布粘贴层数和加固梁是否欲裂对碳纤维加固效果的影响.结果表明:碳纤维布可明显增强加固梁的极限承载力,改变加固梁的破坏形态,改善延性,延缓裂缝的发展,提高加固梁的整体刚度;同时碳纤维布粘贴层数越多,加固梁的极限承载力越大,但其提高程度并不与粘贴层数成正比;加固预裂梁后其极限承载力明显提高,但其延性降低.最后,针对现有的规范及理论研究结果,提出了抗弯加固梁的极限承载力计算公式,理论计算结果与试验值符合较好,满足工程实际要求.     

纤维混杂铺层对无伞空投箱抗冲击性的影响

目的 对无伞空投箱所用的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维/环氧树脂体系纤维混杂铺层的复合材料层合板进行研究,以在低成本下提高实现效果。方法 复合材料层合板分为10层,采用层间混杂结构,通过改变混杂比、铺层角度及铺层顺序,设计148种铺层方案,利用ANSYS–APDL软件分析3种参数变量对层合板拉伸性能及抗弯性能的影响。结果 沿主要受力方向铺设纤维,碳纤维层在外侧、玻璃纤维层集中在中心,且玻璃纤维层体积分数为40%时,材料具有最高的性价比。结论 针对混杂纤维复合材料层合板,通过调整混杂比得出碳/玻璃混杂纤维复合材料性能较好,通过调整铺层角度得出纤维铺设角度越接近受力方向其性能效果越好,通过调整铺层顺序得出不同混杂比、铺层角度下的最佳性能结构。     

预应力FRP加固混凝土结构技术研究与应用

介绍了笔者进行的预应力芳纶纤维布和碳纤维筋加固混凝土结构的一些主要研究成果,内容包括:预应力芳纶纤维布永久锚具的开发;预应力芳纶纤维布的应力松弛损失研究;预应力芳纶纤维布加固混凝土梁的受弯、受剪性能研究;温度对芳纶纤维布配套粘结材料的力学性能影响研究;体外预应力碳纤维筋局部加固混凝土梁的力学性能研究;碳纤维筋预应力粗纤维混凝土梁的抗震性能研究;预应力纤维布加固混凝土结构的工程应用等。     

预应力高性能混杂纤维增强布加固HPC梁的DNLC单元研究

对于不同混杂配比的预应力高性能混杂纤维增强(HFRP)布,建立高性能HFRP布加固高性能混凝土(HPC)梁的双重非线性分层组合(DNLC)单元模型。根据实体退化单元理论,采用初应力等参层单元对高性能HFRP布的体外预应力效应进行模拟,同时正确地考虑HPC梁的材料非线性效应以及结构的几何非线性,验证DNLC单元分析模型的正确性,并对HPC梁的开裂荷载、普通钢筋应力、高性能HFRP布应力重分布等进行研究。结合试验资料分析表明,预应力碳/玻璃纤维混杂(CFRP/GFRP)布加固HPC梁的理论结果与试验数据吻合程度良好,采用等参层单元有效地模拟高性能HFRP布的预应力作用,及所推导的DNLC单元正确性。预应力GFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等均较低,预应力CFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等有所提高,但剩余强度过大。HPC梁开裂荷载前预应力高性能HFRP布应力发展缓慢,屈服荷载后,其发展迅速直至结构失效。     

高性能碳-玻璃纤维布加固混凝土梁的非线性响应

针对高性能碳-玻璃-环氧树脂(CF-GF-EP)混杂纤维布加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁,研究了一种三维非线性混杂组合单元,并推导了统一单元模式,对RC梁的刚度退化、应力重分布等进行了分析。首先根据实体退化单元理论,研究了组合单元模拟RC梁,并利用选择积分技术推求了高性能CF-GF-EP纤维布单元对混杂组合单元刚度矩阵的贡献。运用Jiang屈服准则、Hinton压碎准则和Madrid强化准则等描述混凝土材料非线性,研制了相应的三维非线性分析程序。与试验资料对比分析可知,计算结果与试验数据吻合良好,表明本文构造的非线性单元模式的正确性和研制程序的可靠性,推导的混杂组合单元能准确用于混杂CF-GF-EP纤维布加固RC梁的非线性响应分析。加载初期高性能CF-GF-EP纤维布加固梁未有明显的刚度折减,其后达到屈服荷载和极限荷载时,加固梁刚度折减系数分别约为0.6和0.9。在开裂荷载前,高性能CF-GF-EP纤维布应力发展较为平缓且应力重分布系数变化较小,其后应力重分布系数逐渐增大直至结构失效。     

缠绕成型混杂纤维复合材料静态拉伸性能研究

研究了T700碳纤维/玻璃纤维、T700碳纤维/玄武岩纤维不同纤维配比混杂材料的层合板拉伸性能。结果表明,混杂纤维层合板的拉伸性能随着碳纤维含量提高而提高;高断裂位移的纤维可以提高混杂纤维复合材料的断裂伸长率。复合材料模量混杂公式得到的理论值与实际测量值比较接近;加入玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维可以提高复合材料的韧性,同时节省成本。     

混杂比对碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强复合材料力学性能的影响

利用层内混杂的方式制备碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物,通过对材料进行拉伸、三点弯曲等实验研究该织物增强复合材料的力学性能及混杂比对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维后复合材料的拉伸性能提高,表现出积极的混杂效应。由于延伸性好的芳纶纤维的加入,使复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率明显提高,材料破坏模式出现了完全脆性断裂模式(C12材料破坏形式)和“扫帚”形纤维断裂模式(C8A4,C6A6材料破坏形式)。此外,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维也有效改善了碳纤维增强复合材料的破坏韧性,碳/芳纶纤维混杂MBWK织物增强复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量随混杂比的提高而呈下降趋势,当复合材料中芳纶含量从42%(体积分数,下同)(C6A6)到59.2%(C4A8)的变化过程中,弯曲强度和弯曲模量的降低率较高。0°试样在混杂比为59.2%(C4A8)时,弯曲挠度最大,达到7.49 mm,远高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料。所有90°混杂复合材料试样的弯曲挠度均高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料,表现出积极的混杂效应。     

喷射FRP加固震损钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验

通过12组72件喷射纤维/树脂复合材料(FRP)试样的拉伸强度试验,研究了纤维种类、树脂基体材料、纤维体积分数、纤维混杂比及纤维长度等因素对喷射FRP拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率等性能的影响。通过8根钢筋混凝土(RC)柱试件的拟静力试验,研究了喷射玄武岩纤维/树脂复合材料(BFRP)和混杂玄武岩-碳纤维/树脂复合材料(BF-CFRP)加固震损RC柱的抗震性能,分析了喷射FRP层厚度、纤维混杂比、柱预损程度和柱轴压比等对加固试件的极限承载力、抗侧变形能力、刚度退化特征和滞回特性的影响。结果表明:玻璃纤维与乙烯基酯树脂基体的协同工作性能最优,而玄武岩纤维具有耐久性高、延性好、与乙烯基酯树脂基体协同工作性能好等优良性能,可以作为玻璃纤维的良好替代品;玄武岩纤维混杂少量比例的碳纤维作为树脂基体增强材料,可以有效提高喷射FRP的拉伸强度和变形性能;震损RC柱经喷射FRP加固后,可以基本恢复其震损前设计极限承载力,并有效提高其延性和耗能能力。该加固方法可以对地震区已震损RC柱进行快速加固,有效防止整体结构在余震中发生倒塌等严重破坏。      

碳/芳纶混杂纤维增强波纹夹芯结构低速冲击性能

采用碳纤维和芳纶纤维增强复合材料对波纹夹芯结构的面板进行层间混杂铺层设计,通过真空辅助树脂灌注(VARI)成型工艺制备混杂波纹夹芯结构。在60 J、80 J和100 J三种不同冲击能量下,研究了面板混杂铺层方式对波纹夹芯结构低速冲击性能及冲击后压缩强度的影响,并利用超声C扫和工业CT断层成像两种无损检测技术对波纹夹芯结构的冲击损伤机制进行了分析。结果表明：冲击能量较低时,波纹夹芯结构的吸收能量基本不受面板的混杂铺层方式影响,而凹坑深度随表层碳纤维层数增加而减少。冲击能量较高时,面板为分层式混杂(碳/芳纶纤维单层交替铺层)的波纹夹芯结构的抗冲击性能最好,纤维断裂损伤和层间分层主要发生在试样表层,但损伤面积较大;面板为夹层式混杂(以碳纤维为蒙皮、芳纶纤维为芯材)的波纹夹芯结构具有较高的吸收能量,整个上面板的纤维都发生了断裂破坏,但损伤面积较小。碳/芳纶混杂波纹夹芯结构的面板采用分层式和夹层式的混杂铺层设计时,具有较高的冲击后压缩强度。     

碳纤维-玻璃纤维层内混杂单向增强环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能

采用不同混杂比的碳纤维-玻璃纤维层内经向混编单轴向织物制备了混杂纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料, 研究了不同混杂结构和不同混杂比的碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能的变化及破坏形式。0°拉伸结果表明:同种混杂织物的不同混杂结构中, 碳纤维相对集中的完全对齐结构强度最高, 不同混杂比织物的完全对齐结构强度相当;碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的模量遵循混合定律。90°拉伸结果表明:纤维与树脂间的界面结合强度为碳纤维/树脂>玻璃纤维/树脂, 碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的强度、模量与材料厚度方向上界面的不同形式(单一或交替界面、碳纤维或玻璃纤维的分布位置等)有关, 与碳纤维的含量基本无关。      

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with hybrid fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) under sustaining loads

This paper reports experimental studies of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with new hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) system consisting carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP). The objective of this study is to examine effect of hybrid FRPs on structural behavior of retrofitted RC beams and to investigate if different sequences of CFRP and GFRP sheets of the hybrid FRPs have influences on improvement of strengthening RC beams. Toward that goal, 14 RC beams are fabricated and retrofitted with hybrid FRPs having different combinations of CFRP and GFRP sheets. The beams are loaded with different magnitudes prior to retrofitting in order to investigate the effect of initial loading on the flexural behavior of the retrofitted beam. The main test variables are sequences of attaching hybrid FRP layers and magnitudes of preloads. Under loaded condition, beams are retrofitted with two or three layers of hybrid FRPs, then the load increases until the beams reach failure. Test results conclude that strengthening effects of hybrid FRPs on ductility and stiffness of RC beams depend on orders of FRP layers.     

碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的剥离破坏

碳纤维布加固混凝土结构中剥离破坏是一种重要的破坏形式,通过九根碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的模型试验,考察了剥离承载力及剥离模式。根据试验结果和力学理论知识,对碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的剥离破坏进行了极限应力分析,建立了极限状态的判据和相应的碳纤维布剥离承载力计算方法,在计算方法中考虑了粘结正应力与剪应力的综合作用以及U形箍的横向剪切变形,与试验结果的比较表明,方法具有较高的精度,完善了碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的设计理论。     

Performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by hybrid FRP laminates

In the last two decades, the use of advanced composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements has been increasing. Research and design guidelines concluded that externally bonded FRP could increase the capacity of RC elements efficiently. However, the linear stress–strain characteristics of FRP up to failure and lack of yield plateau have a negative impact on the overall ductility of the strengthened RC elements. Use of hybrid FRP laminates, which consist of a combination of either carbon and glass fibers, or glass and aramid fibers, changes the behaviour of the material to a non-linear behaviour. This paper aims to study the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by hybrid FRP laminates.

This paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the behaviour of RC beams strengthened with hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) laminates. The program consists of a total of twelve T-beams with overall dimensions equal to 460 × 300 × 3250 mm. The beams were tested under cyclic loading up to failure to examine its flexural behaviour. Different reinforcement ratios, fiber directions, locations and combinations of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates were attached to the beams to determine the best strengthening scheme. Different percentages of steel reinforcement were also used. An analytical model based on the stress–strain characteristics of concrete, steel and FRP was adopted. Recommendations and design guidelines of RC beams strengthened by FRP and HFRP laminates are introduced.     

Long-term behavior of existing low-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the short- and long-term behavior of low-strength reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). A numerical analysis model was developed and verified for the calculation of the long-term deflection and maximum allowable long-term load of such RC beams. A parametric study was also conducted and it was found that the maximum allowable long-term load of a CFRP-strengthened beam was dominated by the deflection of RC beam when the cubic compressive strength of concrete was less than a certain value. For concrete of higher strength, the maximum allowable long-term load was dominated by the stress levels of the steel bars. It was also found that the yielding load of the strengthened beams increased significantly with areas strengthened by CFRP sheets and steel bars, while the maximum allowable long-term load only increased slightly.     

外粘AFRP布加固RC梁耐冲击性能试验研究

设计了8根钢筋混凝土试验梁,其中2根未加固,6根在梁体受拉面采用不同类型的AFRP布进行外粘加固。然后采用重锤冲击加载试验,重点研究每种试验梁在不同冲击高度下的耐冲击性能。试验结果表明,经过外粘AFRP布加固后,混凝土梁体的挠度变形及塑性变形得到有效抑制,同时这种加固措施还可以延缓梁体裂纹开裂,减轻重锤冲击加载对梁体造成的冲击损伤。另外,AFRP布类型、冲击高度在一定程度上决定着梁体的损伤形态。由此表明,外粘AFRP布加固法能有效提高混凝土梁的耐冲击性,且AFRP布类型与梁体的耐冲击性能直接相关。     

模拟不中断交通状况下粘贴碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁试验研究

为了调查动荷载作用下碳纤维布与钢筋混凝土梁的粘贴性能及加固效果,进行了5根模拟交通荷载(等幅正弦波形动荷载)作用下粘贴碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁和1根保持荷载下粘贴碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁以及2根对比梁的试验研究。试验中考虑了混凝土等级、配筋率、有无锚固条、粘贴长度、荷载幅值5个变化参数。试验结果表明,在模拟交通荷载的作用下,碳纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁粘贴性能满足要求,粘贴效果良好。在模拟交通荷载后的静载作用下,试验梁的抗弯承载力提高较多,加固效果明显,进一步验证了粘贴效果。     

Shear repair of RC beams using epoxy injection and hybrid external FRP

This experimental study aims at investigating the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by unidirectional and hybrid bidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and subjected to cyclic loading. RC beams tested under cycled loading were subsequently repaired using both epoxy injection and external FRP sheets, and then re-tested under monotonic loading. Six RC beam specimens, two of which were control specimens and four were shear deficient, were upgraded with side-bonded FRP sheets in the first phase of the experimental program. In the second phase, three of the damaged beams were repaired using epoxy injection and unidirectional carbon fiber polymer (CFRP) sheets. The repairing method, FRP type, and FRP wrapping scheme were the test variables investigated. Test results show that the repair schemes imparted significant mechanical improvements in terms of ultimate shear capacity and ductility. The simultaneous application of epoxy injection and externally bonded FRP sheets was found to be a highly effective repair technique.     

Experimental study on seismic behavior of RC frames strengthened with CFRP sheets

The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the seismic performance and hysteretic energy capacity of strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) frames using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets under low-cyclic lateral loading. Two test specimens were constructed and tested under low-cyclic lateral loading. Two 1/3 scaled one-bay and one-storey RC frames specimens were constructed to simulate a two-storey industrial workshop. One specimen was reinforced by CFRP at the ends of beams, columns and at the joints; the other specimen was not reinforced and was used for comparison. This experimental study mainly investigated the effects of CFRP sheets on specimen seismic behavior. The information about the crack development, the damage characteristics, the hysteretic curves of the steel bar and CFRP sheets and the skeleton curves of frame were presented. In addition, the maximum crack width and the ultimate bearing capacity were measured. Test results indicate that the CFRP sheets reinforced frame shows a good hysteretic energy capacity and a higher ductility, which indicates that the CFRP sheets reinforced frame has a better seismic behavior. The results provide an important insight of the role of CFRP sheets in improving the earthquake resistance of frame buildings.