生殖健康与计划生育

生殖健康与计划生育的关系，生殖健康和计划生育的具体方法，医务人员的责任和义务，生殖健康与计划生育面临的新问题。     

健康体检综合标准体系的构建

本文对健康体检行业的现状及标准化情况进行了梳理,在此基础上,按照综合标准化研究的方法,构建了健康体检综合标准体系的框架。健康体检综合标准体系的建立为健康体检服务标准化工作奠定了基础,为健康体检服务领域的有序发展提供了方向。     

标准化助推健康体检服务业发展

本文以实际工作案例,介绍了通过培养标准化意识、制修订服务标准、建立标准体系、建立试点单位等标准化方法的运用,在促进健康体检服务业发展方面起到的积极作用。     

南京江宁创新中显特色

近年来，江宁区多家单位先后建立实施质量管理体系、环境管理体系和职业健康安全管理体系，其中，区财政局经过3年的实践、探索，建立了有机统一的行政机关标准化体系，成为全国首家行政机关4A级国家标准化良好行为单位，其成功实践具有较高的推广价值，为机关标准化工作提供了创新的范例与鲜活的经验。     

减灾救灾标准化建设框架研究

标准化体系建设是减灾救灾工作的重要技术基础,加强减灾救灾标准化体系建设,促进减灾救灾各领域标准协调衔接和融合发展,对于实现应急治理体系和治理能力现代化,推动减灾救灾工作规范化、科学化和标准化,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文运用标准化的思想和方法,结合工作实际,对减灾救灾标准化体系的构建思路、构建模型、实施建议等进行系统阐述。     

南非矿山安全及其标准化体系研究

文章从南非矿山安全及其标准化实际情况入手,概述了南非矿山安全标准的制定和监管机构,分析了南非矿山安全法律法规体系、南非矿山安全标准体系等内容,以及南非矿山安全健康标准对我国矿山安全生产的启示。提出加强我国矿山安全生产标准制修订工作的4点建议。     

食品生产企业标准体系建设现状及优化策略

食品生产企业标准体系的建设，对于提高我国食品市场发展的规范性、为居民提供更加健康安全的饮食保障具有重要的价值。但是，当前食品生产企业标准化发展仍然存在诸多问题——法律法规标识不健全，未按标准进行生产，标准化管理专员欠缺。基于此，本文提出相关建设标准和体系，以改善该问题，结合需求分析、标准体系构建原则等等，打造标准化体系。     

HIV感染孕产妇婚育状况分析

本文旨在了解新疆人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染孕产妇的婚育状况,从而为在感染孕产妇中开展生殖健康教育提供依据,笔者利用2010—2012年间在预防艾滋病母婴传播管理信息网络直报系统中报告的HIV感染孕产妇个案卡资料进行分析。结果显示:1 692例感染孕产妇平均年龄为29.03岁,其中20~29岁的小年龄组孕产妇占53.31%;传播途径为性传播的占60.52%;婚姻状况初婚者占多数,但再婚者占一定比例(36.40%);两次及以上妊娠者占70.69%,最多达10次,但有两次及以上分娩经历者占19.92%。由此可以看出,新疆HIV感染孕产妇中再婚比例明显高于全国其他省(自治区),终止妊娠者占一定比例,因此在女性感染者中有针对性地开展生殖健康教育活动势在必行。     

企业实施职业健康标准化管理探讨

当前，我国的职业健康依然存在诸多问题，主要体现在企业缺乏职业健康防护措施、劳动者缺乏职业健康意识、政府安监部门执法不严等方面。需要建立完善的职业健康管理体系，实施职业健康标准化管理措施，加强对员工的培训，提高职工职业病防护意识，为员工创造一个安全健康的工作环境。文章分析了国内外职业健康标准化的发展情况，阐述了我国职业健康标准化管理存在的问题，提出了企业实施职业健康标准化管理的有效措施，旨在推动我国企业健康发展，保障劳动者的健康权益。     

交通运输信用标准化发展与地方实践探索

信用在创新监管机制、提升监管能力和水平方面发挥着基础性作用,交通运输信用体系建设对于推进交通运输行业治理能力和治理体系现代化,助力加快建设交通强国具有重要意义。标准化是信用体系建设的重要基础和技术保障,通过梳理交通运输信用标准化发展现状,分析交通运输行业存在的信用标准化现实需求,以江苏省交通运输信用标准体系建设实践为参考,剖析了江苏省交通运输信用标准体系建设的基本原则和总体框架,为开展交通运输信用标准化工作提供了先行经验和有益探索。最后,提出了交通运输信用标准化工作实施的相关建议。     

FSH β亚基基因多态性研究

目前关于FSH β亚基基因作为动物繁殖性状候选基因之一已有许多报道，其中FSH β亚基基因Alu I插入片断多态性是研究者关注的热点之一。关于猪、牛、羊和鸡等家畜家禽以及牦牛和东北虎等保护动物的繁殖力特性研究表明，FSH β亚基基因具有一定的多态性水平，并且与动物繁殖性状有一定的关联性，所以，FSH β亚基基因是理想的提高动物繁殖性状的主效基因之一。本文综述了FSH β亚基基因Alu I插入片断多态性及FSH β亚基基因在猪、牛、羊、鸡、牦牛和东北虎等动物中的研究进展，为今后以FSH β亚基基因作为候选基因对动物繁殖性状的改良提供参考。     

一类具有垂直传播的HIV模型的稳定性分析

根据艾滋病的传播规律,本文建立了一类传染病模型.在模型中,HIV携带者分为幼年和成年两类,HIV可垂直传染,艾滋病患者有额外死亡.我们用再生矩阵求出了模型的基本再生数,并得出当基本再生数小于1时,模型只有无病平衡点,而当基本再生数大于1时,模型还有地方病平衡点.最后,应用第二加性复合矩阵等理论,文中证明了各平衡点全局渐近稳定性.     

基于循环经济的包装的再生设计研究

从循环经济及其与包装设计之间的关联性为出发点,提出包装的再生设计概念。尝试通过包装结构的多重性、形态的多样性、方式的多变性等方面的改进,探讨基于循环经济3R原则的包装再生设计方法。并提出包装的再生设计不仅是对包装的设计方法探索,更能以此引导使用者的消费行为与审美趋向以及道德意识的提升。     

健康管理的现状与发展策略

本文以文献研究为基础,通过选取江苏、浙江、上海三地有代表性的社区卫生服务中心、企业、健康保险公司以及健康管理服务机构共17家单位开展了调研,结果发现我国在开展健康管理过程中存在一些问题,如社区卫生服务中心无论在人员配备上还是服务内容上都与有效的健康管理服务存在差距;企业具有开展健康管理的意愿,外资企业与大型国企都已经开展了有益的尝试并取得了不错的效果,国内中小型企业、公司缺乏独立开展职工健康管理的能力;健康保险公司由于缺乏盈利模式大多不愿意开展健康险服务,健康管理多作为附加选项服务于高端客户;健康管理服务公司的业务以体检为主,大多并没有开展真正意义上的健康管理。针对这些问题课题组提出了八个相关的政策建议及相应的对策。     

Numerical Analysis of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Pandemic Model with Advection

Recently, the world is facing the terror of the novel corona-virus, termed as COVID-19. Various health institutes and researchers are continuously striving to control this pandemic. In this article, the SEIAR (susceptible, exposed, infected, symptomatically infected, asymptomatically infected and recovered) infection model of COVID-19 with a constant rate of advection is studied for the disease propagation. A simple model of the disease is extended to an advection model by accommodating the advection process and some appropriate parameters in the system. The continuous model is transposed into a discrete numerical model by discretizing the domains, finitely. To analyze the disease dynamics, a structure preserving non-standard finite difference scheme is designed. Two steady states of the continuous system are described i.e., virus free steady state and virus existing steady state. Graphical results show that both the steady states of the numerical design coincide with the fixed points of the continuous SEIAR model. Positivity of the state variables is ensured by applying the M-matrix theory. A result for the positivity property is established. For the proposed numerical design, two different types of the stability are investigated. Nonlinear stability and linear stability for the projected scheme is examined by applying some standard results. Von Neuman stability test is applied to ensure linear stability. The reproductive number is described and its pivotal role in stability analysis is also discussed. Consistency and convergence of the numerical model is also studied. Numerical graphs are presented via computer simulations to prove the worth and efficiency of the quarantine factor is explored graphically, which is helpful in controlling the disease dynamics. In the end, the conclusion of the study is also rendered.     

Transmissibility of swine flu at Fort Dix, 1976.

The 1976 outbreak of A/New Jersey/76 influenza in Fort Dix is a rare example of an influenza virus with documented human to human transmission that failed to spread widely. Despite extensive epidemiological investigation, no attempt has been made to quantify the transmissibility of this virus. The World Health Organization and the United States Government view containment of emerging influenza strains as central to combating pandemic influenza. Computational models predict that it may be possible to contain an emergent pandemic influenza if virus transmissibility is low. The A/New Jersey/76 outbreak at the United States Army Training Center at Fort Dix, New Jersey in January 1976 caused 13 hospitalizations, 1 death and an estimated 230 cases. To characterize viral transmission in this epidemic, we estimated the basic reproductive number and serial interval using deterministic epidemic models and stochastic simulations. We estimated the basic reproductive number for this outbreak to be 1.2 (supported interval 1.1-1.4), the serial interval to be 1.9 days (supported interval 1.6-3.8 days), and that the virus had at least six serial human to human transmissions. This places the transmissibility of A/New Jersey/76 virus at the lower end of circulating flu strains, well below the threshold for control.     

Financial assessment of health and safety programmes in the workplace

In evaluating health and safety improvements for performance improvement, it is necessary to account for both the contributions of a healthy workforce and the resources required supporting it.

The Economic Assessment of the Work Environment (EAWE) is a financial framework that helps management forecast the financial benefits of health and safety implementations. The five-step process comprises (1) a health assessment to identify critical elements in the work environment, (2) an action plan to address gaps, (3) performance targets based on internal goals and external benchmarks, (4) transformation of the expected improvements in health and safety into expected performance outcomes, and (5) implementation in stages, starting from individual jobs to entire organisation.

EAWE offers a dynamic framework for corporate decision-makers when evaluating health and safety programmes. Further research should explore the bounds of EAWE across different types of organisations and the evolution of performance over time.     

Mental health impact assessment: population mental health in Englewood,Chicago, Illinois,USA

In this paper, we describe a pilot mental health impact assessment (MHIA) undertaken by the Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) at the Adler School of Professional Psychology. This pilot involved a multi-method approach that included literature reviews and direct engagement of community stakeholders. It resulted in a policy document that summarized the anticipated effects of a proposed amendment to Chicago's Vacant Buildings Ordinance on the collective mental health of people living in Englewood, a neighbourhood located on the city's southwest side. The Chicago City Council passed the proposed amendment in the summer of 2011.Working to advance health impact assessment (HIA) practice, the project aimed to assist Englewood residents by empowering them to participate in the systematic review of a proposed policy change that would impact their own community's mental health. Additionally, the pilot sought to ensure that any policy decision reflected an evidence-based understanding of its probable effects on the mental health of Englewood residents. Thus, these efforts were designed to narrow several health inequities as suggested by key indicators of community mental health.     

Human health,development legacies,and cumulative effects: environmental assessments of hydroelectric projects in the Nelson River watershed,Canada

This article examines the current practice of assessing a project’s cumulative effects to health and well-being in a region characterized by a legacy of resource development and Indigenous land use. The context is hydroelectric development in northern Manitoba, Canada. Based on a review of environmental assessment (EA) regulatory applications and panel reports, results indicate that the consideration of health in EA has improved over time, with proponents adopting a holistic definition of health, but impact analyses remained restricted to physical health conditions with social and cultural health impacts to Indigenous communities receiving only limited attention. Multiple common indicators were identified across recent EA applications that relate to health and well-being, but they were not mapped to health determinants, supported by only limited analysis of causal mechanisms, and rarely used to assess the significance of project actions in combination with past projects and the enduring impacts of a 55-year legacy of hydroelectric development. The article concludes with a discussion of the state of practice and offers suggestions for improved coordination of EA for assessing cumulative effects to health and well-being, including adoption of Indigenous health determinants, and the roles of governments and proponents regarding the consideration of legacy effects in project reviews.