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1.
以机械活化淀粉为接枝母体,研究了在机械活化淀粉/单体(AM)/乳化剂/油/水五元反相乳液体系中引发机械活化淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚反应的动力学。分别考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、淀粉乳浓度和乳化剂浓度等对接枝量和接枝共聚速率(R g)的影响。结果表明,在本实验考察范围内的动力学关系式为R g∞[mSt]1.24[I]0.76[M]1.54[E]0.33,淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚速率随体系温度升高而加快,淀粉乳浓度和单体浓度对接枝共聚速率影响显著,在45℃~60℃范围内,接枝共聚反应链增长步骤的活化能为34.85 kJ/mol。  相似文献   

2.
淀粉接枝共聚物是一种新型功能性材料。以机械活化淀粉(mSt)为接枝母体,丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,研究了在淀粉/单体/乳化剂/油/水反相乳液体系中引发机械活化淀粉与丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的动力学,考察了引发剂浓度[I]、单体浓度[M]、淀粉乳浓度[mSt]和乳化剂浓度[E]等因素对表观聚合速率Rp的影响。结果表明,在本文考察范围内动力学关系式为Rp∝[mSt]1.5[M]1.7[I]0.9[E]0.92,单体浓度和淀粉乳液浓度对聚合反应速率影响显著,聚合反应速率随体系温度升高而加快,在45~60℃范围内,聚合反应的表观活化能为89.5kJ/mol,聚合过程中单基终止与双基终止反应同时存在。  相似文献   

3.
St-g-AM反相乳液法接枝共聚反应的动力学模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究采用反相乳液方法进行淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应的机理,推导并修正淀粉与丙烯酰胺反相乳液法接枝共聚反应动力学模型,考察了引发剂浓度[I]、乳化剂浓度[E]、单体浓度[M]和淀粉浓度[St]等因素对表观聚合速率的影响,验证反应动力学模型。结果表明,本实验得出的动力学关系式为:Rp∝[I]0.93[M]1.28[St]1.47[E]0.61,与理论推导出的动力学方程Rp∝[I]0.5~1[M]1~1.5[St]0.5~1.47[E]0.6基本一致,说明淀粉与丙烯酰胺在反相乳液中进行接枝共聚反应符合自由基聚合机理,引发过程由引发剂受热分解生成初始自由基和初始自由基攻击淀粉分子形成淀粉骨架自由基两部分构成;在聚合过程中,单基终止和双基终止反应同时存在。  相似文献   

4.
机械活化淀粉反相乳液聚合动力学及机理探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以过硫酸铵为引发剂,研究了经机械活化预处理的玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺在反相乳液体系中的接枝共聚反应动力学,分别考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、淀粉乳浓度和乳化剂浓度等对表观聚合速率的影响。结果表明,在本实验考察范围内的动力学关系式为Rp∞[I]0.84[M]1.12[St]1.07[E]0.54。推导并验证了该反应的表观动力学方程和反应机理,双基终止与单基终止过程同时存在,实验结果与理论推导基本符合。  相似文献   

5.
Fe2+-H2O2引发淀粉-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵接枝共聚的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
采用Fe^2 -H2O2氧化还原引发体系进行淀粉与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)接枝聚合,制备了一系列分子中含有阳离子季铵基团的淀粉-DMDAAC接枝共聚物。研究了单体浓度,引发剂用量,反应温度对接枝体系的接枝率,接枝效率,单体转化率和阳离子度等因素的影响,探讨了Fe^2 -H2O2引发淀粉接枝DMDAAC共聚反应的基本规律。并用IR和^1H-NMR对接枝共聚物进行了分析表征。  相似文献   

6.
淀粉/丙烯腈接枝共聚反应速率及反应机理   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
研究了玉米淀粉与丙烯腈在高锰酸钾引发下的接枝共聚反应速率和反应机理,由实验结果得出了引发剂浓度,单体浓度,淀粉浓度对接枝反应速率的影响,并由此关联出接枝反应速率表达式:Rg=k「KMnO4」^1/2「AN」「AGU」^1/2。由接枝反应速率和反应温度与时间的关系求得接枝反应的表观活化能力为Eag=30.74kJ/mol。用顺磁共振原位分析等方法分析了在接枝反应锰离子价态的变化物和淀粉的氧化程度,并  相似文献   

7.
改性淀粉与乙烯基单体的接枝共聚反应   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以过硫酸铵为引发剂研究了物理改性淀粉分别与醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸的接枝共聚反应。红外光谱验证了接枝共聚反应的发生。探讨了单体浓度,引发剂浓度,淀粉浓度,反应温度和反应时间等因素对接枝效率的影响。实验结果证明,淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应的最佳条件是:单体浓度为3.90mol/L,引发剂浓为7.67mmol/L,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为3h;淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的最佳条件是:单体浓度为2.50mol/L,引发剂浓度为3.0mmol/L,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为3h。  相似文献   

8.
本文以[Mn(H_2P_2O_7)_3]~(3-)为引发剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为乳化剂,采用乳液聚合实施方法,初步研究了淀粉与苯乙烯的接枝共聚反应。研究了引发剂浓度、反应温度对该接枝共聚反应的影响,所获接枝物的接枝率最大值为150%;对溶液聚合和乳液聚合这两种接枝共聚实施方法进行了对比研究,对淀粉与苯乙烯的乳液接枝机理进行了探讨,并通过红外光谱对接枝情况进行了验证。  相似文献   

9.
冯长根  陈涛  曾庆轩 《功能材料》2007,38(4):535-539
采用60Co-γ射线预辐照接枝法,研究了聚丙烯(PP)纤维与丙烯酸(AA)在水溶液中的接枝共聚反应.通过正交实验设计法对反应影响因素进行了优化,结果表明,预辐照总剂量为25kGy,反应温度50℃,单体AA的浓度为20%,反应时间2h时,所得接枝纤维的交换容量较高,为9.85mmol/g.还对预辐照接枝的反应机理进行了研究.  相似文献   

10.
[Mn(H2P2O7)3]3-引发淀粉与丙烯腈和AMPS接枝共聚   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
首次以[Mn(H2P2O7)3]3-为引发剂,研究了淀粉与丙烯腈和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)接枝共聚反应,并用红外光谱和元素分析法证明了接枝共聚物的存在,并考察了皂化后接枝产物的吸水性随反应条件的变化.结果显示,最适宜的反应条件为单体中AMPS的摩尔百分含量为5%;单体/淀粉的摩尔比为1.5;[Mn(H2P2O7)3]3-浓度2.0×10-3 mol/L;反应温度30 ℃.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.  相似文献   

12.
13.
A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.  相似文献   

14.
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……  相似文献   

15.
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.  相似文献   

16.
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……  相似文献   

17.
The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...  相似文献   

18.
Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.  相似文献   

19.
A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.  相似文献   

20.
Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.  相似文献   

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