管状带式输送机的安全操作与调试常见问题的解决方法

近年来管状带式输送机的发展突飞猛进,当前国际国内对环保意识的重视,给管状带式输送机的应用和发展带来了机遇,管状带式输送机以它的全程密封减小粉尘的外溢,空间转弯灵活对厂区地形的要求低等优势在当今环保时代有着巨大市场。管状带式输送机的安装、调试、安全操作和常见问题都跟普通带式输送机有些不同。本文主要介绍了以管状带式输送机的安全操作和调试常见问题的解决方法。     

大型带式输送机驱动装置的比较研究

在分析大型带式输送机结构特点的基础上,通过计算机仿真对启动过程进行了描述,提出了对带式输送机驱动装置的基本要求．对现有的带式输送机驱动装置进行了分类,即分为变频调速、液力耦合器传动、直流电动机调速、液体粘性离合器传动、液压马达驱动、交流电动机软起动和差动变频无级调速等7类,讨论了各种驱动方案的原理和优缺点．对带式输送机上应用的各种驱动装置从最大长度、输送量、驱动的使用数量、单元驱动功率等方面进行了统计分析,得出：为了提高输送机启动过程的稳定性,对于工况复杂的大型输送机系统必须采用闭环控制;随着电力电子器件的进步,变频调速方式的应用将会逐渐增多等．     

关于露天矿用移置带式输送机的研究

大型露天矿开采时使用的带式输送机与常规的带式输送机不同,采用的是分体式中间架,整个胶带机没有基础,头尾驱动站及中间架支腿均采用滑撬结构,本文介绍了移置带式输送机的运行阻力与驱动功率的计算。     

输送带纵向振动对多驱动驱动力分配影响的研究

带式输送机运行过程中,输送带所受的动张力沿输送带运行方向以波的形式传播,并在传播的过程中产生纵向振动,输送带较大的纵向振动会影响多滚筒驱动力的分配。本文以Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性模型作为输送带力学模型进行分析,由输送带的本构方程建立长距离带式输送机输送带纵向振动驱动力分配方程,以天津港某条头部双滚筒驱动长距离带式输送机为例,仿真启动过程中驱动滚筒的驱动力变化曲线及输送带振动曲线,将仿真结果与试验结果相比对,得到对于头部双滚筒驱动的带式输送机系统,随着输送带弹性模量的增大输送带振动减轻,双滚筒驱动驱动力的分配更加接近理想的功率配比的结果。研究结论为输送带的合理选型提供可靠依据,并能使电机工作在设计工作点附近,避免因驱动力分配不均而烧毁驱动电机。     

浅谈煤矿用带式输送机电机功率计算

带式输送机设计的主要内容之一是根据工作负荷和工作环境正确选择电机功率。对于国内外带式输送机设计资料介绍的情况，输送机功率选择的原则是首先根据物料和胶带、托辊等运动部件所能产生的各种阻力合理选择带式输送机运行所需要的轴功率，然后考虑机械传动效率和电压降系数以及多电机不平衡系数，计算驱动电机的轴功率，据此选择与其额定功率匹配的电机。     

浅谈带式输送机过渡段设计

本文叙述带式输送机运输散状物料时,最小过渡距离计算。通过对带式输送机中滚筒与托辊组内的中辊位置关系进行分析和比较,最后得出了过渡托辊组最理想的布置方法。     

大功率下运带式输送机制动技术的若干研究

以大功率下运带式输送机制动技术作为出发点,分析大功率下运带式输送机相关制动技术,重点研究了大功率下运带式输送机的相关制动技术,从而保证大功率下运带式输送机相关制动技术的合理应用,加强下运带式输送机运行的安全性和可靠性。     

基于AVR和LabVIEW的带式输送机安全监测系统设计

针对目前矿用带式输送机应用的安全监测系统信息不集中、监测界面不直观、报警方式单一等问题,本文做了优化,采用AVR单片机ATmega16A作为下位机,采集带式输送机七大保护装置传感器的信号数据,通过485通信电缆和串口与LabVIEW上位机实时通信,LabVIEW界面直观实时动态显示现场各种检测传感器数据,进行故障预测和声光报警。该系统可以实现带式输送机各种工况信息集中监测,对提高带式输送机的安全性有重要意义。     

带式输送机跑偏的原因与解析

带式输送机以其输送量大、成本低、通用性强等优点在各行业中被广泛的应用,特别是在冶金、煤炭、交通、水电、化工等行业,带式输送机的地位是无可取代的。但带式输送机在运行时常常会发生跑偏等现象,严重影响了工作效率。本文通过对带式输送机产生跑偏的原因进行分析,试着提出相应解决方案来减小跑偏现象所产生的影响,从而提高企业的经济效益。     

基于虚拟现实技术的带式输送机设计系统

基于虚拟设计技术和面向对象的组件技术,开发了带式输送机设计系统.通过建立可视化动态图形组件,系统实现了可视化动态侧形建模、模型验证、虚拟载荷分析、动态响应仿真分析、虚拟监测控制和三维虚拟场景等功能.系统应用表明,采用虚拟设计技术进行大型带式输送机系统设计分析是切实可行的,可以缩短设计周期,节约设计成本,提高设计质量,确保设计安全可靠.     

带式输送机用直线电机静动态特性试验与分析

多机驱动在输送装备实现高速、长距离、大运量等方面起着至关重要的作用。直线电机因其具有不存在摩擦、无旋转传动部件、能够沿输送机长度方向任意布置和降低输送带张力等特点而成为特殊高性能带式输送机较理想的中间驱动方式。通过分析直线电机的工作原理,对直线电机与旋转电机的优缺点进行了比较;针对带式输送机用直线电机,对比确定了其次级型式,并进行了次级输送带结构设计;基于封闭式散料储运物料试验系统建立了静动态特性试验台,并运用欧拉公式及逐点张力法求得直线电机推力(输送带张力差),进而分别对电压、气隙与推力之间的比例关系进行了试验验证,并间接进行了动态试验(机械特性试验),得到了推力关于输送带速度的数学表达式;基于Belt Analyst带式输送机计算分析软件,对输送带稳定运行及启动过程的张力进行了仿真分析,并与试验张力进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:推力分别与电压平方、气隙倒数的平方成正比;电压、气隙与推力之间的理论曲线与试验值相符;直线电机的推力与输入功率的比值较大,并随着气隙的减小,比值越来越大;与旋转电机相比,此直线电机无临界转速,并显示出很软的机械特性;稳定运行时张力的仿真值与试验值基本吻合,其相对误差均小于2%,但启动过程中张力试验值与仿真值误差较大,间接表明保证启动过程气隙均匀的重要性。研究结果可适用于多机配合驱动超长距离带式输送机的改进与实际应用中。     

Research progress and design calculation method of pipe conveyor

Pipe conveyor is a kind of special belt conveyor which has extensive attention and has been widely used in recent years. Firstly, the structural design and improvement, design calculation method, theoretical research and test of performance for pipe conveyor were reviewed. Secondly, the relationship between the belt width and the pipe diameter, the bending performance and the running resistance of the belt were analyzed and the development trend of circular pipe belt conveyor was combed by summarizing the examples and research progress of the pipe belt conveyor domestic and abroad. Since the design mechanism and the belt characteristics were confused, the forming force could be used to characterize the bending performance of the belt or the transverse bending stiffness of the conveyor belt mechanically. The transverse bending stiffness of the conveying belt couldn't be directly reflected by the contact force for the gravity action of conveyor belt. Thirdly, a formula for calculating lap width, according to actual application and recommended by CEMA, of conveyor belt was put forward by the bandwidth and diameter ratio, which the excessive width of laps was simulated with the domestic standard. Finally, a new method, considering belt thickness and lap width, to determine the width and diameter of the pipe conveyor was provided because the diameter of pipe was presented by the outer diameter but the cross-sectional area of the bearing material was influenced by the belt thickness, and the calculation formula of pipe resistance, forming resistance and bending resistance of pipe conveyor was presented. The provided method and influence factors including transverse stiffness and forming force are applied in the engineering design of pipe conveyor, which is closer to reality than the existing methods. It provides a basis for the further development of the pipe conveyor.     

圆管带式输送机的研究进展及其设计计算方法

圆管带式输送机是近年来受到广泛关注与应用的特种带式输送机。对圆管带式输送机结构设计与改进、设计计算方法、性能的理论研究与测试等进行了回顾;通过总结国内外圆管带式输送机实例和研究进展,分析了输送带宽度与管径的关系、输送带弯曲性能、运行阻力等方面的问题,梳理了圆管带式输送机的发展趋势。针对目前设计机理与输送带特性相关概念混淆的问题,从力学的角度明确了成形力、接触力（反弹力）、成槽性和横向弯曲刚度的关系,分析可知接触力包含输送带的重力,不能直接反映输送带的横向弯曲刚度,建议用成形力来表征输送带弯曲性能或横向弯曲刚度。根据实际应用和CEMA （Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association）推荐的输送带搭接宽度,指出了国内现行标准存在搭接宽度过大的问题,建议采用带宽管径比来表示带宽与管径的关系,并提出了搭接宽度的计算式。由于圆管带式输送机的圆管直径由外径表示,但输送带的厚度对承载物料截面积影响显著,给出了考虑输送带厚度和搭接宽度的确定圆管带式输送机带宽、管径的新方法及圆管带式输送机的成管阻力、成形阻力和曲线段阻力的修正计算式。所提出的计算方法考虑了输送带的横向刚度和张力等影响因素,与现有方法相比更接近于实际,且已经在圆管带式输送机工程设计中应用,为圆管带式输送机的进一步发展提供了依据。     

Failure analysis of conveyor belt in terms of impact loading by means of the damping coefficient

Detailed examination of conveyor belts in practice indicates a strong impact of the wear and damage, caused by the dynamic impact loading, on the conveyor belt service life. To examine the effects of the impact process, the theoretical, experimental, and numerical analyses were carried out, including the determination of the degree of damage to conveyor belt cover layers and chassis. The impact process analysis is based on the hypothesis that the movement of an object falling onto the conveyor belt and then bouncing on it is similar to the damped harmonic motion. The hypothesis is confirmed by the verification study of model (calculated) damping coefficient values, whereas the damping coefficient values were obtained from the experiment at various values of input parameters for the impact process, such as the drop height, weight of the falling object, and presence or absence of idlers.The numerical modelling of the impact process was carried out applying the basis statistical methods and the multiple regression analysis. The output thereof represents the created regression models of the damping coefficient. The results of the process of conveyor belt wear and damage, in terms of dynamic impact loading, provide a new approach to the determination of the conveyor belt impact resistance based on the damping coefficient.     

基于输送带及视觉跟踪的机器人分拣包装工作站仿真

目的 提高分拣包装工作站的生产效率和柔性,并探索在早期设计阶段利用虚拟仿真技术进行验证。方法 以某食品公司巧克力饼干产品的生产为例,提出结合输送带跟踪和视觉识别技术搭建分拣包装仿真工作站。在ABB公司离线编程与仿真软件Robotstudio开发环境下,首先对相关设备进行了三维建模,并根据任务要求完成工作站的空间布局。其次,需要完成输送带创建、动态Smart组件设计、工作站逻辑连接、输送带跟踪功能启用、相机数据记录和机器人控制程序编写。最后,分析工作站结构得到生产节拍的参数设定公式。结果 仿真工作站实现了对持续移动输送带上杂乱摆放物料的动态跟踪分拣装盒,能依据理论计算方式调节参数满足生产节拍的需求。结论 工作站达到了预期功能目标,可以为各行各业里以机器人为中心的分拣包装系统高效、柔性生产研究提供参考与借鉴。     

Failure analysis of belt conveyor damage caused by the falling material. Part II: Application of computer metrotomography

Damage of a conveyor belt by impact of sharp material is referred to as breakdown. By conveyor belt breakdown it occurs to perforation of its individual layers. Identification of this type of damage is relatively simple by the help of visual control. However in practice it often occurs due to the impact of sharp material to local anomalies that are not recognizable as a breakdown because there is not fulfilled the basic condition of perforation for all layers of conveyor belt. Based on the visual control, this conveyor belt cannot be unequivocally determined to be damaged or suitable for operating condition. The paper presents analysis of the sample of the conveyor belt with local anomaly which was formed during the experimental measurements for determination of the dependence among the weight of sharp material falling on the conveyor belt, shatter height and force conditions in the conveyor belt. This is a type of damage, which is very often encountered in real conditions. The method of computer metrotomography is applied for the analysis in combination with the software Volume Graphics VG Studio MAX 2.2. The presented results could be applied in practice as a support tool for identification of conveyor belt damage.     

带式输送机功率计算方法及其工程应用问题的研究

 通过CEMA带式输送机功率和张力计算方法与德国标准DIN22101计算方法的比较分析,明确了CEMA方法的特点,以Visual Basic 6.0为开发工具开发了CEMA计算方法的带式输送机功率张力计算软件,通过实例和工程应用验证了软件的正确性．通过研究CEMA算法中弯曲阻力系数 K_y 和DIN22101标准中模拟摩擦系数 f 的关系,得出CEMA算法主要阻力的规律;给出了设定模拟摩擦系数修正功能,采用温度校正系数的修正技巧使软件能够按输入的模拟摩擦系数进行功率和张力计算,扩展了软件的功能．针对应用DIN22101标准时没有与温度相关的修正方法,利用CEMA算法得出模拟摩擦系数在低温情况下的修正值．     

A comparison of rubber stress relaxation models for conveyor belt indentation rolling resistance calculations

Rubber stress relaxation models are the main material input data for numerical and analytical conveyor belt indentation rolling resistance calculations. Stress relaxation data for rubbers, such as those used in the construction of conveyor belts, are difficult to measure directly due to their fast relaxation times and, as such, they are usually derived via a dynamic mechanical analysis; unfortunately, relaxation data for the strain levels reached in conveyor belting cannot be produced with typical dynamic mechanical analysis machines. This paper utilizes high strain level data produced on a high capacity dynamic mechanical analysis machine and compares the indentation rolling resistance predictions derived from the measured high strain relaxation moduli with other high strain relaxation moduli extrapolated from low strain level measurements that can be measured on dynamic mechanical analysers with smaller capacities. Jonker’s equation and a two dimensional finite element analysis model are used to compare the different sets of relaxation moduli and these are compared with results from large scale indentation rolling resistance experiments.

     

可实现物料流量精确控制的自动核子皮带秤

针对采用PID控制方式的自动核子皮带秤存在最佳PID参数难以确定、过冲震荡、控制精度差的缺点,研究基于核子皮带秤的物料流量精确控制的方法。利用物质对γ射线吸收的物理关系、流量与速度的关系,推导得到皮带速度与皮带机负荷和物料流量之间关系的数学模型,根据核子皮带秤的结构特点设计延后控制的动态矩阵,从而实现自动核子皮带秤的物料流量精确控制。实践应用表明:使用该算法控制的自动核子皮带秤物料流量控制准确度≤±1%,而且控制稳定性好,无过冲震荡。