压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的径向振动

对由压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环组成的复合振动系统的径向振动特性进行了研究。首先分析了压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其各自的机电等效电路。在此基础上,得出了压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了系统的共振及反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的关系。研究表明,当复合振动系统的壁厚比增大时,其共振及反共振频率升高。对于换能器的第一阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大而单调减小;对于换能器的第二阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大会出现一个极大值,而且,在一定的壁厚比范围内,换能器第二阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数大于第一阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数,这一规律与传统的有关压电换能器的分析理论及结果是有所不同的。     

压电圆环晶片堆的径向振动分析

通过理论分析、数值计算、实验测量研究压电圆环晶片堆的径向振动,应用压电本构方程,通过求解晶片堆的导纳,取其最大,推导压电圆环晶片堆的共振频率方程。采用数值法对理论方程进行模拟计算,用阻抗测量和激光扫描測振实验测量单片圆环和晶片堆的共振频率,并与理论计算进行比较,结果吻合较好,误差小于1.5%。     

环盘轴对称振动频率的三维振动里兹法求解

针对齿轮超声剃珩加工振动系统设计,基于三维弹性动力学方程,利用能量变分原理,提出径向变厚度圆环盘自由振动固有频率和振型的里兹数值求解方法;计算了不同孔径比、厚径比、材料泊松系数、径向线性厚度变化系数的轴对称圆环盘节圆型横向弯曲与径向自由振动的无量纲固有圆频率系数,并绘制了相应的表格曲线,得出了振动频率系数的变化规律。设计加工了不同厚径比钢、铝、铜合金材料的线性变厚度环盘,并利用锤击激励法做了模态实验。通过对圆环盘的Mindlin理论、三维振动里兹数值法、有限单元法、实验模态法的求解结果进行对比分析,分析表明:三维振动里兹数值法求解结果准确,可以作为其他数值求解方法的验证标准;为齿轮动态分析建模或其他非均匀截面圆盘和环盘的振动特性分析提供了一种新的求解分析方法,对齿轮超声振动系统设计具有理论指导和工程应用意义。     

锥盘形超声聚能器的耦合振动特性与优化设计

超声聚能器具有放大振幅、匹配声阻抗、提高声能量传输效率的作用,盘形聚能器与压电圆管组合能够扩大声能量的辐射范围。采用传统的一维理论对盘形聚能器振动的分析,往往忽略了高度对振动的影响。为了获得符合盘形聚能器实际振动的解析理论,以结构简单且易加工的锥盘形超声聚能器为研究对象,利用等效弹性法分析了高度与半径尺寸接近的聚能器的径、纵向耦合振动。通过引入机械耦合系数,推导得到了聚能器耦合振动的机电等效电路、共振频率方程组和径向位移放大倍数。进一步分析了聚能器机械耦合系数、共振频率和径向位移放大倍数与几何尺寸的依赖关系。利用有限元法对聚能器的耦合振动模态进行了仿真,理论计算与模拟结果一致,验证了理论推导的正确性。振动特性与优化结论的获得为盘形聚能器的工程应用提供了理论依据,为径向复合换能器的振动分析奠定了研究基础。     

扭转振动超声变幅杆计算及其等效电路

在平面波近似条件下,对几种常用的扭转振动半坡变幅杆(截面极惯性矩变化规律为圆锥、指数及悬链线型)进行了系统的理论分析。导出了变幅杆的等效电路,得出了变幅杆的输入机械阻抗、共振频率方程及振幅放大倍数的数学表达式。文中理论分析及所得结果可作为设计或计算扭转变幅杆的理论基础和依据。     

超声珩齿圆锥形变幅器动力学特性研究

为了研究非谐振单元超声珩齿变幅器动力学特性,根据变幅杆及中厚圆环板的力耦合条件,基于Mindlin理论推导了圆锥形变幅杆和中厚圆环板组成的变幅器的频率方程和位移振幅方程。利用MATLAB软件求出了变幅器设计参数和位移振幅的数值解,用有限元法对该变幅器进行动力学分析,发现谐振频率和位移振幅与数值解非常接近。在此基础上,对变幅器进行了动力学实验, 测得的动力学参数与理论设计结果一致。     

阻性负载超声变幅杆振动特性研究

在纵振型变幅杆等效电路的基础上,研究了三类负载超声变幅杆的共振频率与放大系数。得到了阻性负载时,变幅杆频率方程与放大系数的计算式;分别绘制了共振频率及放大系数随负载变化的曲线图,并给出了分析。这将有助于超声变幅杆的研究和设计。     

齿轮超声加工纵向振动系统的设计与实验研究

为了解决齿轮超声加工纵向振动系统设计问题,基于纵向振动动力学方程,利用结合面的力、位移振动耦合与边界条件,提出纵向振动变幅器的非谐振设计方法,推导了频率方程;应用Matlab2011Ra对变幅器未知尺寸、振型分布进行理论数值求解,并利用ANSYS12.0对所设计变幅器进行模态分析与谐响应分析．设计加工了不同模数齿轮的纵向振动变幅器,基于C6140车床搭建了齿轮超声加工纵向振动系统的激光测振仪测试系统,进行谐振实验．变幅器的谐振频率和振幅经理论求解、有限元分析、实验测试对比,各自的最大求解偏差都小于5%,可以满足工程应用需要.研究表明：可应用力、位移耦合非谐振设计方法,完成中小模数齿轮变幅器的纵向振动系统设计,对齿轮超声振动系统设计具有理论指导和工程应用价值．     

有限长各向同性圆柱体耦合振动的研究

按照耦合振动理论,用解析方法研究了有限长各向同性圆柱体的耦合振动,推出了用于设计及计算共振式圆柱振动器的频率方程,分析了振动体内纵向与径向振动之间的耦合关系。理论分析表明,无限长细棒的纵向及径向振动理论,薄板的径向振动理论以及无限介质中的纵向振动理论,都可由本文得出的理论推出。与数值方法相比,解析法计算简单,物理意义明显。实验表明,由本文理论得出的有限长圆柱振动器的共振频率与现有的理论结果及实验都非常符合,与一维振动理论的结果相比,耦合振动理论得出的振动体的共振频率与实验测量值更加符合。     

微超声振动细胞切割系统中变幅杆的分析与设计

针对细胞微超声振动切割系统对超声变幅杆的要求,将等截面圆柱形阶梯变幅杆的一端替换成圆锥形变幅杆构成一种复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆。由任意变截面杆纵向振动的波动方程出发,推导了复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆的基本理论参量,设计了超声变幅杆的基本结构,给出其制造尺寸。并应用有限元法对变幅杆进行了模态分析,得到了共振频率和位移节点等重要参数。     

Study on a new type of radial composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers in radial vibration

In this paper, a new type of radial composite ultrasonic transducers in radial vibration is presented and studied. The radial composite ultrasonic transducer consists of a solid piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and a hollow metal thin, circular ring in radial vibration; and they are connected together in the radial direction. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and a hollow, metal, thin, circular ring are analyzed, respectively. Their radial electromechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. Based on the electromechanical equivalent circuits and using the boundary conditions between the piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and the hollow, metal, thin ring, the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the radial composite ultrasonic transducer is derived and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The theoretical results from the resonance frequency equation are in good agreement with the measured radial resonance frequencies, and they also are in a good agreement with the results from the numerical method.     

Radial vibration of the composite ultrasonic transducer of piezoelectric and metal rings

The radial composite ultrasonic transducer of a piezoelectric ceramic ring and a metal ring is studied. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic ring polarized in the thickness direction and a metal ring are analyzed and their electromechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. On the basis of the electromechanical equivalent circuits of the piezoelectric and the metal ring and the radial boundary conditions, the total electromechanical equivalent circuit for the composite ultrasonic transducer is also obtained. The resonance frequency and anti-resonance frequency equations of the composite ultrasonic transducer are given. Some radial composite ultrasonic transducers are designed and manufactured and their resonance and anti-resonance frequencies are measured. Experiments show that the measured resonance frequencies are in a good agreement with the theoretical results.     

Novel method for driving the ultrasonic motor

This paper reports a novel driving method for an annular plate-type ultrasonic motor. Instead of the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) converter type driver using a conventional electromagnetic transformer, a compact disc-type piezoelectric transformer is used to obtain a high voltage output for driving the ultrasonic motor. The piezoelectric transformer is operated in the radial vibration mode at resonance frequency close to the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic motor. Later, it was found that the piezoelectric transformer could drive the ultrasonic motor, even if their resonance frequencies are not exactly the same by incorporating a matching network in the circuit. The maximum speed of the ultrasonic motor obtained by using this driving method is over 300 rpm. It is believed that the results of this study will have impact on the integration and miniaturization of the ultrasonic motor and its driving circuit.     

Radially composite piezoelectric ceramic tubular transducer in radial vibration

The radially composite piezoelectric tubular transducer is studied. It is composed of radially poled piezoelectric and a long metal tube. The electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the radially poled piezoelectric and metal tube in radial vibration is obtained. Based on the force and velocity boundary conditions, the six-port electro-mechanical equivalent circuit for the composite tubular transducer is given and the resonance/anti-resonance frequency equations are obtained. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the dimensions is analyzed. Numerically simulated results obtained by the finite element method are compared with those from the analytical method. Composite piezoelectric tubular transducers are designed and manufactured. The resonance/anti-resonance frequencies are measured, and it is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulated and experimental results. It is expected that radially composite piezoelectric tubular transducers can be used as high-power ultrasonic radiators in ultrasonic applications, such as ultrasonic liquid processing.     

An improved equivalent circuit model of radial mode piezoelectric transformer

In this paper, both the equivalent circuit models of the radial mode and the coupled thickness vibration mode of the radial mode piezoelectric transformer are deduced, and then with the Y-parameter matrix method and the dual-port network theory, an improved equivalent circuit model for the multilayer radial mode piezoelectric transformer is established. A radial mode transformer sample is tested to verify the equivalent circuit model. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper is more precise than the typical model.     

Radiation impedance and equivalent circuit for piezoelectric ultrasonic composite transducers of vibrational mode-conversion

The piezoelectric ultrasonic composite transducer, which can be used in either gas or liquid media, is studied in this paper. The composite transducer is composed of a longitudinal sandwich piezoelectric transducer, a mechanical transformer, and a metal circular plate in flexural vibration. Acoustic radiation is produced by the flexural circular plate, which is excited by the longitudinal sandwich transducer and transformer. Based on the classic flexural theory of plates, the equivalent lumped parameters for a plate in axially symmetric flexural vibration with free boundary conditions are obtained. The radiation impedance of the plate is derived and the relationship between the radiation impedance and the frequency is analyzed. The equivalent circuits for the plate in flexural vibration and the composite transducer are given. The vibrational modes and the harmonic response of the composite piezoelectric transducer are simulated by the numerical method. Based on the theoretical and numerical analysis, two composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are designed and manufactured, their admittance-frequency curves are measured, and the resonance frequency is obtained. The flexural vibrational displacement distribution of the transducer is measured with a laser scanning vibrometer. It is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured resonance frequency and the displacement distribution.     

New equivalent lumped electrical circuit for piezoelectric transformers

A new equivalent circuit is proposed for a contour-vibration-mode piezoelectric transformer (PT). It is shown that the usual lumped equivalent circuit derived from the conventional Mason approach is not accurate. The proposed circuit, built on experimental measurements, makes an explicit difference between the elastic energies stored respectively on the primary and secondary parts. The experimental and theoretical resonance frequencies with the secondary in open or short circuit are in good agreement as well as the output "voltage-current" characteristic and the optimum efficiency working point. This circuit can be extended to various PT configurations and appears to be a useful tool for modeling electronic devices that integrate piezoelectric transformers.     

扭转振动压电超声换能器的研究

用声强技术检测区分板壳结构的空气传声与结构传声时，结构的辐射效率之差决定了检测结果的可信度，文中分析了实际结构的在声场激励下的实测辐射效率与无限大结构的空气传声辐射效率之差，及对区检测结果的影响。实验结果证实了理论分析。     

扭转振动压电超声换能器的研究

本文对夹心式复合结构压电超声扭转振动换能器进行了系统的理论研究，该换能器由两段金属真圆棒及切向极化的压电陶瓷圆片堆复合而成，文中首先研究了切向极化压电陶瓷细长管的扭转振动性，推出了其机电等效电路，并提出了压电陶瓷细长管截面扭转系数的概念。，